Papa 8.8 Hex Bolts

2026-08-03

1. Papa 8.8 — Papa Hoʻopaʻa ikaika Medium-Kiʻekiʻe

1.1 Hoʻokaʻawale i ka 8.8 Hoʻohālike

ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi "8.8" he inoa papa waiwai i wehewehe ʻia e ISO 898-1, ke kūlana honua e hoʻokele ana i nā waiwai mechanical o ke kila kalapona a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa kila. Hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana helu ʻelua i ʻelua mau ʻāpana mechanical nui:

● Helu mua (8): Hōʻike i ka hapaʻumi o ka ikaika tensile nominal i nā megapascals → 8 × 100 = 800 MPa ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa.

● Helu ʻelua (.8): Hōʻike i ka lākiō hua → 0.8 × 800 = 640 MPa ikaika hua liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa papa 8.8 ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻopaʻa hana maʻamau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e uhi ana i nā bolts hex, nā wili pāpale hex, nā bolts kaʻa, nā bolts stud, a me nā wili piha no ka hana kila, nā hui kaʻa, a me nā mīkini maʻamau.

Kiʻi 1. Papa 8.8 hex bolts me ka hoailona papa waiwai

1.2 Pono Mechanical

Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa papa 8.8 mai ke kila kalapona waena a hoʻopau i ka quenching and tempering (Q&T) no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana mechanical pono. Nā waiwai koʻikoʻi no ISO 898-1:

Waiwai	Waiwai	Unite
ʻO ka ikaika ʻoi loa (Rm)	800	MPa
Ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi (ReL)	640	MPa
ʻO ka Elongation liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka haki ʻana	≥ 12	%
ʻO ka paʻakikī kumu (HV)	250–310	HV
ʻO ka paʻakikī Q&T maʻamau (HRC)	22–32	HRC
Kaulana Bolt Anawaena	M5 – M39	mm

Papa 1. Nā waiwai mechanical o ka Papa 8.8 paʻa no ISO 898-1

1.3 Mea Manaʻo ʻia

ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka kūpono ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa Grade 8.8. ʻO nā kila aʻe, i hui pū ʻia me ka Q&T kūpono, e hoʻokō i ka hana kūlike o ka Papa 8.8:

● 35# Medium-Carbon Steel — He kūpono no nā mea paʻa liʻiliʻi-diameter (≤ M16). ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kūpono, ka paʻakikī kūpono ma hope o Q&T.

● 45# Medium-Carbon Steel — ʻO ka koho kaulana loa no nā bolts hex Grade 8.8 a me nā bolts stud. ʻO ka machinability maikaʻi, nā waiwai mechanical paʻa ma hope o Q&T.

● 40Cr Alloy Steel — Manaʻo ʻia no nā bolts-diameter nui (M20+). Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻohui Chromium i ka paʻakikī a me ka like ʻana o ka tensile ma waena o nā ʻāpana.

1.4 Hoʻohālikelike Papa

Papa	U'a (MPa)	Hua mai (MPa)	Mea Manaʻo ʻia
4.6	400	240	Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia i ka wela
4.8	420	340	Haʻahaʻa kalapona kila, anu-hana
8.8	800	640	35# / 45# ʻO ka hao hao, 40Cr Alloy Steel; Q&T
10.9	1,040	940	40Cr, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, SCM435; Q&T
12.9	1,220	1,100	42CrMo4 / SCM440, 35CrMoV; Q&T 39–44 HRC

Papa 2. Nā papa waiwai paʻa maʻamau a me nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia

2. Hex Bolts — ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi loa

2.1 He aha ka Hex Bolt?

ʻO ka hex bolt (hexagonal head bolt) he mea hoʻopaʻa kaula me ke poʻo ʻeono ʻaoʻao, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā lua ma nā ʻāpana i hui ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi nati male. Hāʻawi ka geometry hexagonal i ka wīwī a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kumu mai nā kihi he nui, e lilo ia i ʻano bolt kūpono loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻoihana āpau. ʻElua mau ʻano nui:

● Hex Bolt (ISO 4014 / DIN 931) — Māhele ʻāpana: ʻo kahi ʻāpana shank ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hāʻawi i ka ikaika shear a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, kūpono no nā hoʻopili kūkulu.

● Hex Cap Screw (ISO 4017 / DIN 933) — Hoʻopili piha ʻia: holo nā kaula i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa, kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe.

Kiʻi 2. Anatomy o ka hex bolt - nā mea hoʻolālā kī

2.2 Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻano Hex Bolt maʻamau

● Hex Head Bolt / Cap Screw — Ke poʻo ʻeono ʻaoʻao maʻamau; ʻoi loa, hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā mīkini, nā kaʻa.

● Hex Flange Bolt — Hoʻohui like me ka mea holoi ma lalo o ke poʻo; hoʻokaʻawale i ka ukana paʻi, hoʻopau i ka mea holoi ʻokoʻa.

● Heavy Hex Bolt (ASTM A325) - ʻO ke poʻo nui aʻe no nā mea hoʻohui kila; i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā kūlana ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

● Hex Lag Bolt / Carriage Bolt — Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kūikawā no ka hoʻopili lāʻau a me ka hao a me ka lāʻau.

2.3 Nā Nui a me nā Ana

Nui	Pitch	Uku	Head dia.	Poʻo ht.	Shank dia.	Ka lōʻihi
M6	1.0	10 mm	10.0	4.0	6.0	16–60
M8	1.25	13 mm	13.0	5.3	8.0	20–80
M10	1.5	16 mm	16.0	6.4	10.0	25–100
M12	1.75	18 mm	18.0	7.5	12.0	30–120
M16	2.0	24 mm	24.0	10.0	16.0	40–150
M20	2.5	30 mm	30.0	12.5	20.0	50–200
M24	3.0	36 mm	36.0	15.0	24.0	60–240

Papa 3. Ka nui 8.8 hex bolt ana no ISO 4014 / ISO 4017

3. Papa 8.8 Hex Bolts — Koho & Hoohana

3.1 Hoʻoponopono ʻili

ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka mālama ʻana ma luna o ke kaiapuni hana a me nā koi pale corrosion. ʻO nā koho maʻamau no nā bolts hex Grade 8.8 he:

● Zinc Plating (Electroplated) - Hoʻokele waiwai, kūpaʻa kūpono; koho maʻamau no nā kaiapuni o loko a me ka mālie.

● Hot-Dip Galvanizing - ʻO ka uhi zinc mānoanoa no ka ʻike ʻana i waho a me ke kai; pono i ka nui o ka nui o na nati.

● ʻO Dacromet Coating — ʻAʻohe Chromium, kaʻina hana pili i ka kaiapuni; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakai paʻakai me ka pilikia ʻole o ka hydrogen embrittlement. He kūpono no ka automotive a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana.

● Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Ruspert - ʻEkolu-layer organic/zinc composite; maikaʻi loa ka weatherability, i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia i nā kūlana ʻoihana Iapana.

3.2 Alakaʻi hoʻokomo

● E hoʻohana i nā nati Papa 8 e pili ana no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kaula.

● E hoʻopili i ka torque hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia pepa ʻikepili o ka mea hana; ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka pōʻino.

● Lubricate i nā kaula ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka torque — pili nui ka friction coefficient i ka loaʻa mua o ka hoʻouka.

● E hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi milo piha e puka mai ana ma waho o ka maka nut ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

● E hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā bolts Papa 8.8 i nā hoʻopili hoʻopili koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka pahu piha.

3.3 Nā kūlana a me ka hōʻoia

Hana ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia nā bolts hex grade 8.8 e like me:

● ISO 898-1 — Nā waiwai mīkini o nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila.

● ISO 4014 — Hex bolts me kahi ʻāpana wiliwili (nā ana).

● ISO 4017 — ʻO nā wili pāpale Hex me ke kaula piha (nā ana).

● Loaʻa nā palapala hōʻoia mea piha (MTC) no EN 10204 3.1 ma ke noi.

Kuhikuhi wikiwiki

Papa	Mea Manaʻo ʻia	Nā ʻano huahana maʻamau	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela
8.8	35# / 45# ʻO ka hao hao 40Cr Alloy Steel	Hex Bolt, Hex Cap Screw, Kaʻa Bolt, Stud Bolt	Quenching & Tempering