- English
- Chinese
- French
- German
- Portuguese
- Spanish
- Russian
- Japanese
- Korean
- Arabic
- Irish
- Greek
- Turkish
- Italian
- Danish
- Romanian
- Indonesian
- Czech
- Afrikaans
- Swedish
- Polish
- Basque
- Catalan
- Esperanto
- Hindi
- Lao
- Albanian
- Amharic
- Armenian
- Azerbaijani
- Belarusian
- Bengali
- Bosnian
- Bulgarian
- Cebuano
- Chichewa
- Corsican
- Croatian
- Dutch
- Estonian
- Filipino
- Finnish
- Frisian
- Galician
- Georgian
- Gujarati
- Haitian
- Hausa
- Hawaiian
- Hebrew
- Hmong
- Hungarian
- Icelandic
- Igbo
- Javanese
- Kannada
- Kazakh
- Khmer
- Kurdish
- Kyrgyz
- Latin
- Latvian
- Lithuanian
- Luxembou..
- Macedonian
- Malagasy
- Malay
- Malayalam
- Maltese
- Marathi
- Mongolian
- Burmese
- Nepali
- Norwegian
- Pashto
- Persian
- Punjabi
- Serbian
- Sesotho
- Sinhala
- Slovak
- Slovenian
- Somali
- Samoan
- Scots Gaelic
- Shona
- Sindhi
- Sundanese
- Swahili
- Tajik
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Thai
- Ukrainian
- Urdu
- Uzbek
- Vietnamese
- Welsh
- Xhosa
- Yiddish
- Yoruba
- Zulu
- Kinyarwanda
- Tatar
- Oriya
- Turkmen
- Uyghur
Kowiri tira: Hex Bolts me Material Grades
2026-08-05
1. Kupu Whakataki
Ko nga raka kowiri tira e whakakotahi ana i te aukati waikura me te kaha miihini, he mea nui ki te hanga, ki te moana, ki te tukatuka kai, me nga umanga rongoa. Kare i rite ki nga here waro rino e hiahia ana kia whakakikoruatia, ka puta mai te kowiri tira i te parenga waikura mai i te paparanga waikura chromium whakaora-whaiaro. Ko tenei aratohu e hipoki ana i nga waahanga tino nui e rua: te hoahoa hex bolt me te kowhiri i te karaehe kowiri tira.
2. Hex Bolts
Ko nga tutaki hex he upoko e ono-taha e taea ai te whakawhiti taipana pai ma nga wrenihi paerewa, turanga turanga ranei. Kei roto i te hoahoa he mahunga hexagonal, he hiu kore miro, he wahanga miro, me te pito chamfered. Ko nga painga matua ko te kaha taipana teitei, te urunga o te ao, te pai o te hangahanga, te whakamahi ano, me te whai i nga paerewa o te ao (ISO 4014, DIN 933, ASTM A325).
Ripanga 1. Paerewa Hex Bolt Rahi (Stainless Steel)
| Rahi Ingoa | Pitch Miro (TPI) | Mahunga Whānui (mm) | Te Kaha Tana (MPa) |
| 1/4 - 20 | 20 | 11.1 | 520 |
| 3/8 - 16 | 16 | 14.3 | 520 |
| 1/2 - 13 | 13 | 19.1 | 520 |
| 3/4 - 10 | 10 | 28.6 | 520 |
3. Kowiri tira Tohu
Ka whakarōpūtia nga toromoka kowiri tira ki nga whanau e wha: austenitic (304, 316 — kore-aukume, teitei te waikura resistance), ferritic (430 — autō, economical), martensitic (410 — hardenable, waikura āhua), me te rerenga-pakeke (17-4PH — kaha teitei). I raro i te ISO 3506, ka whakamahi nga tohu i te waehere nama-reta ko A = austenitic, C = martensitic, me te tau e tohu ana i te karaehe kaha tensile (50/70/80).
Ripanga 2. Koreira kowiri tira noa mo nga tutaki
| Kōeke | Karaehe ISO | Maama (MPa) | Te Waikura. | Huānga Matua | Taupānga Angamaheni |
| 304 | A2-70 | 700 | Pai | 18% Cr, 8% Ni | Te kaupapa whānui, te kai |
| 316 | A4-70 | 700 | Tino pai | 16% Cr, 10% Ni, 2% Mo | Te moana, te matū, te rongoa |
| 410 | C3-80 | 550 | Whakaōrite | 12% Cr | Tapatapahi, takirere |
| 17-4PH | A4-80 | 800 | Pai | 16% Cr, 4% Ni, 4% Cu | Aerospace, teitei-kaha |
3.1 Kōwhiringa Kōeke mā te Taiao
Ripanga 3. Nga Koeke e Manakohia ana e te Taiao Ratonga
| Taiao | Koeke Tohutohu | Te take |
| Roto / maroke | 304 (A2) | E tika ana mo te utu iti |
| Waho / Takutai | 316 (A4) | Ka whakahē a Mo te whakaeke pūhaumāota |
| Tipu matū | 316L / 904L | He pai ake te aukati waikawa |
| Nga Hiahia Te Kaha Rawa | 17-4PH (A4-80) | Te ua-pakeke |
4. Nga Whakaaro Matua
Kari: Ko nga tohu Austenitic (304, 316) ka kaha ki te hopu miro i te wa e whakamau ana. Whakamahia he pūhui anti-kapohia, he huinga takirua rereke ranei (A2 raka me te nati A4) hei whakaiti.
Whakahau: Ko te maimoatanga waikawa (ASTM A967) ka tango i te rino kore utu me te whakarei ake i te paparanga waikura, te whakapai ake i te aukati waikura i muri i te hangahanga.
aukume: Ko nga tohu Austenitic ehara i te aukume i te wa e rehia ana engari tera pea ka noho autō i muri i te mahi makariri. Ko nga tohu ferritic me te martensitic he autō.
5. Whakamutunga
Ko nga tutaki hex kowiri tira ka hanumi i te hoahoa ahuahanga whaihua me te mahi whakarewa. Mai i te Koeke ohaoha 304 mo te whakamahi whanui ki te 17-4PH kaha-nui mo te tono tono, ma te whakarite i te karaehe tika ki te taiao ratonga ka whakarite i te mahi tino pai me te roa o te oranga.
