Izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zivame ukufakwa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene eziphakeme kakhulu - zekhwalithi yekhwalithi, ezikhethiwe ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza zamandla, ukuqina nokuqina kokugqwala. I-Carbon yensimbi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni anjenge-4.8, 8.8, no-10,9.
p>Izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zivame ukufakwa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene eziphakeme kakhulu - zekhwalithi yekhwalithi, ezikhethiwe ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza zamandla, ukuqina nokuqina kokugqwala. I-Carbon yensimbi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni anjenge-4.8, 8.8, no-10,9. Phansi - I-grade 4.8 I-Carbon Steel inikeza amandla ayisisekelo futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile - Izicelo zenhloso lapho izidingo zokulayisha zilinganiselwe. Okuphakeme - Amabanga e-Carbon, afana ne-8.8 no-10.9, angaba ukushisa - aphathwe kakhulu athuthukise amandla abo ashubile, ubulukhuni kanye nobunzima. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo esindayo nokucindezela okuthe xaxa okucindezelayo, okwenza balungele amaphrojekthi wezimboni nezokwakha lapho ukubopha khona i-robust kubalulekile. Ukuvikela izifutho zensimbi ye-carbon kusuka ekugcekeni, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu okufana nokuthambisa i-zinc, i-coating emnyama ye-oxide, noma i-dip galvanizing kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Insimbi engenasici kungenye into ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi amabanga angama-304 no-316. 304 Insimbi engenasici ihlinzeka ngokumelana okujwayelekile - ukumelana nenhloso yokugqwala, okwenza kulungele izicelo zangaphakathi neziningi zangaphandle ngokuvezwa kwemvelo okulinganiselayo. Insimbi engama-316 engenasici, ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum, inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanzi anosawoti kanye nezimo ezedlulele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyindlela ekhethwayo ye-Marine, yamakhemikhali, nokudla - izimboni ezisebenzayo, kanye namaphrojekthi angaphandle ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezindaweni eziphakemeyo - izimo zomswakama.
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, kusetshenziswa insimbi ye-alloy. Insimbi ye-Alloy, equkethe izinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vagadium, ne-nickel, ingaba ukushisa - ukuphathwa ukuze kufezekiswe izakhiwo ezingekho emthethweni. Izikopelo zensimbi ye-Alloy zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-High - Stress application, njengezinjini zezimoto, izingxenye ze-aerospace, kanye nemishini yokuqina, lapho ukumelana nokuqina kokukhathala kubalulekile.
Umugqa womkhiqizo we-Double End Studs ufaka amamodeli ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe ngosayizi, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuphela kokwelashwa: ukwelashwa kokuphela:
Izikopelo zokuphela okuphezulu: Izikopelo ezijwayelekile zitholakala ngosayizi ohlukahlukene wemetric ne-Imperial. Usayizi weMetric uvame ukusuka ku-M6 kuye ku-M36, kanti amasayizi we-Imperial ahlangana ukusuka ngo-1/4 "kuya ku-1 - 1/2". Lawa ma-Stud afaka i-pitch evamile yentambo futhi afanelekile ngokujwayelekile - Inhloso yokuqinisa inhloso emishini yomhlangano, ukufakwa kwemishini, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Izikopelo ezijwayelekile zivame ukuthola imicu kuzo zombili iziphetho zobude obulinganayo, ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esisheshayo nesinokwethenjelwa.
Okuphezulu - Amandla Wokuphelisa Amandla: Izobunjiniyela bezicelo ezisindayo - Izicelo zomsebenzi, okuphezulu - Izikopelo zamandla zenziwa kusuka phezulu - izinto zebanga, zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi noma eliphakeme Lezi zikopelo zinamawazi amakhulu futhi ubude obude ukuphatha amabutho aphambili ashubile nama-shear. Zibaluleke kakhulu ezilungiselelweni zezimboni zokuthola imishini esindayo, ezinkulu - izilinganiso zezakhiwo, kanye nemishini esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza. Okuphezulu - Amandla Amandla angahle abe nemiklamo ekhethekile yemicu noma izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo.
Okukhethekile - Izici zokuphela eziphindwe kabili:
I-Fine - Threw Double End Studs: Nge-pitch encane yentambo uma iqhathaniswa nezikopelo ezijwayelekile, ama-Fineeld - amamodeli we-Thread anikezela ngokunemba kokulungiswa kokulungiswa nokumelana okuthuthukile ekukhuliseni. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukulungiswa okuhle, njengokuqondisa imishini, imishini yokubona, kanye nokuphakama kwezobani-Electronics Assembly, lapho kunesibopho esiphephe kakhulu futhi esinembile.
Ukungalingani - ubude izikopelo zokuphela kobude: Lezi zikopelo zinezintambo zobude obuhlukile ekugcineni ngakunye. Lo mklamo ulusizo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuphela okukodwa kudinga ukufakwa kujule emgodini ophoqelekile ukuze uxhumeke kakhudlwana, kanti elinye ukuphela kusetshenziselwa ukunamathisela i-nati noma i-washer. Ukungalingani - Izikopelo Zobude zivame ukuqashwa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo lapho kunezingqinamba zesikhala noma izidingo ezithile zokuqinisa.
Anti - izikopelo zokuphela kwe-corrosion: Ngaphezu kokwenziwa kusuka ekugcekeni - izinto ezivimbela insimbi engenacala, lezi zikopelo zingahle zingene anti - zokwelashwa zokugqwala, njenge-DACROMET noma i-geomet coating. Ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezindawo ezisogwini, izindawo zezimboni ezinokungcola okuphezulu, noma izinhlelo zangaphandle ezivezwa umswakama namakhemikhali, ukuqinisekiswa isikhathi eside ukuthembeka nokuqina.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitatimende zokuphela okuphindwe kabili kubandakanya izinyathelo eziqondile eziningi kanye nekhwalithi eqinile - Izinyathelo zokulawula:
Ukulungiselela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: Okuphezulu - Izinto zokusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi, njengemigoqo yensimbi noma izinduku, zitholwa ngokucophelela. Izinto zokwakha zihlolwe ukuthi zikhethwe amakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga okukhiqiza. Izinto zensimbi zibe zinqunywa zibe ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezidingo zesayizi ye-tud.
Umcutho: Ukuhlwitha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-Stud. Ukufakelwa okukhethekile okufayo noma imishini yokugoqa kusetshenziselwa ukudala imicu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Stud. I-Thread Rolling yindlela ekhethwayo njengoba idala intambo enamandla ngokhakha - ukusebenza ngensimbi, ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokukhathala kwe-Stud. Inqubo yokufaka intambo idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwentambo yentambo, iphrofayli yentambo, kanye nokuhambisana namantongomane ahambelana noma izimbobo ezithinta. Ngezikopelo ezinezidingo zentambo ezithile, njengezinkulu - intambo noma amafomu emicu akhethekile, kungahle kuhileleke eminye imininingwane ngemishini yokunemba.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa (kwezinto eziphakeme - zokwakha amandla): Izikopelo ezenziwe kusukela ezintweni eziphakemeyo ezinjengensimbi yensimbi noma ephezulu - Ibanga le-carbon lingahle lishiseke - izinqubo zokwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukuncibilikisa, ukucimana kanye nokugunda. Lezi zinqubo zokwenza ngcono izakhiwo zemishini zama-stud, zandisa amandla azo, ubulukhuni, kanye nobunzima bokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Phupha ukwelashwa: Kuya ngesicelo, ukuphela kwezikopelo kungahle kuhlukaniswe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, iziphetho zingahle zikhohlwe ukwenza lula ukufakwa okulula kumantongomane noma izimbobo ezivinjelwe. Kwezinye izimo, iziphetho zingahle zithambekele noma ziguqulwe ukuze zikwazi ukuhlalisa izindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisa noma ukuhlinzeka indawo engcono yokuthwala ama-washers noma amantongomane.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu: Ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala, ukubukeka, kanye nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo, izikopelo zensimbi zingahle zibheke ngaphezulu - izinqubo zokwelashwa. I-zinc planiates ifaka ungqimba oluncanyana lwe-zinc endaweni ye-stud, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kokugqwala. I-Hot - cwilisa i-galvaning inikeza ama-zinc coating aminyene futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle nezemvelo ezinokhahlo. I-Black Oxide Coating yakha umdaka, omnyama, ukuthuthuka - ungqimba olungamelana nawo ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi enikeza nezikopelo ukubukeka okuhle. Izikopelo zensimbi engagqwali zingaba khona ukwelashwa okuphakelayo ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwabo ngokwemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Wonke ama-batch ama-stud and kabili ahlolwe ngokuqinile. Amasheke okuhlobisa okwenziwayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ububanzi be-Stud, Ubude, Ukucaciswa Kwentambo, kanye Nezindlela zokwelapha Zokuphetha Hlangana Namazinga. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngomshini, njengamandla ashubile, ubunzima, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-torque, kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umthwalo - umthamo wokuthwala nokuqina kwezikopelo. Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nakho kwenziwa ukubheka iziphambeko ezingaphezulu, imifantu, noma ukwakheka kwentambo engafanele. Izikopelo kuphela ezidlula konke ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi evunyelwe ukufakwa nokusatshalaliswa.
Ukwelashwa komhlaba kweziko okuphela okuphindwe kabili kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokwelula impilo yabo yenkonzo:
I-zinc plating: I-Zinc Plating iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yendlela yokwelashwa kwama-carbon yensimbi. Kubandakanya ukulinganisa ungqimba omncane we-zinc ungene endaweni ye-stud. Le nhlangano ye-Zinc isebenza njengesithiyo somhlatshelo, ukuqina okucatshangelwa ngokuqinisekile ukuvikela insimbi engaphansi. I-Zinc Platiation ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kokugqwala futhi ilungele i-Indoor futhi incane - izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezilimazayo. Iphinde inikeze izikopelo ukubukeka okukhanyayo, kwensimbi.
Kuyashisa - cwilisa i-galvaning: Enqubweni eshisayo - i-DIP Galvanizing inqubo, izikopelo kuqala ukuncipha futhi zakha amanzi ukuze asuse okungonakalisweni komhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, banamanzi futhi bacwiliswa e-zinc bath bath cishe ngo-450 - 460 ° C. I-zinc iphendula ngensimbi ngensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe uchungechunge lwe-zinc - I-Iron Alloy, kulandelwa ungqimba oluhlanzekile lwe-zinc outter ungqimba. I-coating ephumelele futhi ehlala isikhathi eside ye-galvanized inikeza ukumelana kahle nokugqwala, okwenza izikopelo zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwangaphandle nezindawo ezinokhahlo, njengezindawo zezimboni noma izifunda ezisogwini.
I-Oxide Coating Coation: I-Oxide Coating Coating iyinqubo yamakhemikhali eyakha umncane, omnyama, ukugqwala - ungqimba olungamelana nakho ngaphezulu kwezikopelo zensimbi yekhabhoni. Le nhlanganisela ayigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokuvikelwa kokugqwala kepha futhi linikeza izikopelo umfaniswano, ukubukeka okumnyama, okuvame ukuthandwa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kuvela khona izinsiza kanye nokuphikiswa kokonakala okulinganiselwe. Isendlalelo se-oxide esimnyama sincane futhi singadinga ama-topcoats angeziwe wokuvikelwa kokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukuphumelela kwensimbi engenasici: Ngezikopelo zensimbi engagqwali, ukwelashwa kokuphambuka kwenziwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucwilisa izikopelo kukhambi le-acid ukususa okungcona komhlaba, izinhlayiya zensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa isendlalelo semvelo oxide oxide on the stainle Ukuqhakambisa kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ama-chloride ion noma ezinye izinto ezilimazayo zingaba khona, ziqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwezikopelo.
Izigqoko ezikhethekile: Kwezinye izimo, ama-studs angathola izembatho ezikhethekile. I-Teflon Coatings ingafakwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenzisa, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisa nokukhulula amantongomane ezifundweni. I-Anti - I-Hoize Coating ivimbela izikopelo ukuthi zingangeni ngenxa ye-oxidation noma ngaphezulu - Ukuvezwa kokushisa, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo lapho ama-studs angadinga ukususwa khona futhi abuyiselwe kaningi. I-ANTI - I-Abrasion Coatings nayo ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela indawo ye-Stud kusuka ekuqhekekeni nasekugqokeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu - eziphakeme.
Izikopelo zokugcina eziphindwe kabili zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuyo yonke imboni eminingi kanye nezicelo:
Imishini nokukhiqiza imishini: Ekukhiqizeni imishini, izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili kubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezahlukahlukene. Bajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela amabhlogo enjini, amakhanda amasilinda, ama-gearges, nezinye izingxenye ezisindayo - zomsebenzi. Amandla okuhlinzeka ngokubopha okuphephile nokunokwethenjelwa, noma ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza, kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Ukwakhiwa nobunjiniyela besakhiwo: Ebunjiniyela bezokwakha nobunjiniyela, izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zesakhiwo, ezinjengemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu, namapuleti. Baphinde baqashwe ekufakweni kwezinto zokhonkolo eziphambili, ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano oluqinile noluqinile. I-High - Amandla Wokuphela Ama-Studs ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zokwakheka ukuqinisekisa ukuqina nobuqotho bezakhiwo namabhuloho.
Izimboni zezimoto nezezithuthi ze-AerospaceEmbonini yezimoto, izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zisetshenziswa emhlanganweni wenjini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa. Bangamelana nokudlidliza nokucindezela okutholwe ngokusebenza kwezimoto. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, lapho kudingeka khona ikhwalithi eqinile nekhwalithi yokusebenza, izikopelo zokuphela okuphindwe kabili zisetshenziselwa ukuhlangana nezinto zezindiza. Ukukhiqiza okuqondile kanye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo eziphakeme kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kwendiza.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi nokufakwa kwe-valve: Ezimbonini zamapayipi kanye namapayipi, kusetshenziselwa ama-stud e-Double ama-Flanges ezinhlelweni zePipe. Banikeza uphawu oluvikelekile phakathi kwezingxenye nama-pope, kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bukaketshezi - ukuthwala amasistimu. I-ANTI - I-Corrosion Double Retal Studs ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nezicelo zasolwandle ukuvikela ukuvuza futhi kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwengqalasizinda yepayipi.
Okokusebenza kukagesi ne-elekthronikhi: Embonini yezimboni zikagesi nele-Elektroniki, izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zingasetshenziselwa ukuthola ukufakwa kukagesi, amaphaneli, kanye nezinto. I-Fine - Thread Double Ret RETI Ilungele ikakhulukazi umhlangano we-elekthronikhi, njengoba bevumela ukuqina okunembile ngaphandle kokulimaza izinto ezibucayi.
Ukuqiniseka okuphephile nokuthembekile: Izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zinikeza ikhambi elivikelekile nelithembekile lokuqinisa. Ngokusebenzisa amantongomane ezinhlangothini zombili, angafaka isicelo ngisho nengcindezi futhi asabalalise imithwalo ngempumelelo, anciphise ingozi yokukhulula ngaphansi kokudlidliza noma ukucindezela kwemishini. Lokhu kubenza balungele izinhlobo eziningi zezicelo, kusuka ekukhanyeni - umsebenzi ku-Hard - Duty Funds.
Ububanzi: Kutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi, izinto zokwakha, izinhlobo zemicu, kanye nemiklamo, izikopelo zokuphela okuphindwe kabili zingashintshwa kalula nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Noma ngabe ngumsebenzi oqondile kumkhakha we-elekthronikhi noma umsebenzi onzima wokwakha, kukhona imodeli efanelekile etholakalayo. Okukhethekile - amamodeli wesici, afana ne-Fice - Thread, ukungalingani - ubude, kanye nama-anti - ukunwebisa iziko zokugqwala, okunye ukunweba izilinganiso zohlelo zabo ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Ukufakwa kalula nokususwa: Izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili kulula ukufaka futhi zikususe. Lapho ukuphela okukodwa kufakwa emgodini othenjiwe, amantongomane angaqinisekiswa kalula noma akhululwe ngakolunye uhlangothi usebenzisa imisele noma izisekelo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kulula ekufakweni nasekususweni kubenza bakwazi ukusebenzisa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa, ngcono ukusebenza kahle emsebenzini.
Kuqiza kahle: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-fasteners, izikopelo zokuphela eziphindwe kabili zingaba yizindleko - isixazululo esisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ziphezulu - amandla athembekile adingekayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwabo okujwayelekile nokutholakala okubanzi kufaka isandla emalini yokonga, futhi impilo yabo yenkonzo ende inciphisa isidingo sokufakwa kabusha kwezidingo njalo.
Umthwalo Ophezulu - Ukuthwala Amandla: Ngokuya ngokoqobo nosayizi, izikopelo zokuphela okuphindwe kabili kungaba nomthwalo omkhulu - umthamo wokuthela. Okuphezulu - Amandla Amandla enziwe ngensimbi yensimbi noma ephezulu - Ibanga le-Carbon lingamelana namandla aphezulu okuthe xaxa kanye nama-shear, abenze balungele izicelo ezisindayo - imisebenzi emisebenzini yezimboni nezokwakha.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo njengensimbi engenasici kanye nendawo ehlukahlukene - Izinketho zokwelashwa, izikopelo eziphindwe kabili zinikeza okuhle ekumelaneni kahle kokugqwala. Lokhu kubenza balungele ukusetshenziswa endaweni yangaphandle, yasolwandle, nasezindaweni ezizungezile zezimboni, ukunweba impilo yabo yenkonzo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.