
Ama-studs aphethe kabili ngokuvamile akhiwa ngezinto ezihlukile zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza zamandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Carbon steel ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni afana no-4.8, 8.8, no-10.9.
Ama-studs aphindwe kabili ngokuvamile akhiwa ngezinto ezihlukile zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezikhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko zohlelo lokusebenza zamandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Carbon steel ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni afana no-4.8, 8.8, no-10.9. Insimbi ye-carbon steel yezinga eliphansi - grade 4.8 inikeza amandla ayisisekelo futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwenjongo evamile lapho izidingo zomthwalo zilinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa. Izinsimbi zekhabhoni zebanga eliphezulu, njengo-8.8 no-10.9, zingashisa - ziphathwe ukuze zithuthukise ngokuphawulekayo amandla azo aqinile, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuqina. Lokhu kuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo kanye nezingcindezi zemishini ezidinga kakhulu, okuzenza zilungele amaphrojekthi ezimboni kanye nezokwakha lapho ukuqiniswa okuqinile kubalulekile. Ukuvikela izigxobo zensimbi ye-carbon steel ekugqwaleni, ukwelashwa kwendawo okufana ne-zinc plating, i-black oxide coating, noma i-hot - dip galvanizing ngokuvamile isetshenziswa.
Insimbi engagqwali ingenye impahla ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi amabanga 304 kanye 316. 304 insimbi engagqwali inikeza okuhle jikelele - injongo ukumelana nokugqwala, okuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini kanye eziningi ngaphandle ngokuchayeka okusesilinganisweni kwemvelo. 316 insimbi engagqwali, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum, inikeza ukumelana okuphakeme namakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanzi anosawoti, nezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyisinqumo esikhethwayo sezimboni zasolwandle, zamakhemikhali, nezokucubungula ukudla, kanye namaphrojekthi angaphandle ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, i-alloy steel isetshenziswa. Insimbi ye-alloy, equkethe izakhi ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, ne-nickel, ingaba ukushisa - iphathwe ukuze kuzuzwe izici zomshini ezivelele. Izikhonkwane zensimbi ye-alloy zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezeleka okuphezulu, njengezinjini zezimoto, izingxenye ze-aerospace, nemishini esindayo, lapho kokubili amandla nokumelana nokukhathala kubalulekile.
Ulayini womkhiqizo wama-double end studs uhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukene ahlukaniswe ngosayizi, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, ibanga lempahla, kanye nokwelashwa kokugcina:
Izifundiso ezijwayelekile eziphindwe kabili: Izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile ziyatholakala ngebanga elibanzi losayizi wemethrikhi kanye ne-imperial. Osayizi bemethrikhi ngokuvamile basuka ku-M6 baye ku-M36, kuyilapho osayizi bombuso bemboza ukusuka ku-1/4" ukuya ku-1 - 1/2". Lawa ma-studs afaka i-pitch yentambo evamile futhi afanelekele imisebenzi ejwayelekile - yokubopha inhloso ekuhlanganiseni kwemishini, ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza, nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile ngokuvamile zinemicu kuzo zombili iziphetho zobude obulinganayo, zinikeza isisombululo sokubopha esiyisisekelo nesithembekile.
High - Strength Double End Studs: Iklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo, izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu zenziwe ngezinto zebanga eliphezulu, ngokuvamile insimbi eyingxubevange noma insimbi enamandla kakhulu enekhabhoni enamabanga afana no-12.9. Lawa ma-studs anobubanzi obukhudlwana kanye nobude obude ukuze abambe amandla abalulekile okudonsa kanye nokugunda. Zibalulekile kuzilungiselelo zezimboni zokuvikela imishini esindayo, izingxenye zesakhiwo esikhulu, kanye nemishini esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza. Izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu zingase futhi zibe nemiklamo yezintambo ezikhethekile noma ukwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo.
Okukhethekile - Faka ama-Double End Stud:
I-Fine - I-Thread Double End Studs: Nge-pitch yentambo emincane uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhonkwane ezijwayelekile, amamodeli wentambo emihle anikeza ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe kokulungiswa kanye nokumelana okuthuthukisiwe ekuxegisweni. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukulungiswa kahle, njengasemishinini enembayo, okokusebenza kokubonayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, lapho kudingeka ukuqiniswa okuvikeleke kakhulu nokunembe kakhudlwana.
Okungalingani - Ubude Bezifundiso Zokuphela Ezikabili: Lezi zikhonkwane zinemicu yobude obuhlukene ekugcineni ngakunye. Lo mklamo uwusizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isiphetho esisodwa sidinga ukufakwa sijule embobeni ethenjiwe ukuze kuxhunywe okuvikeleke kakhudlwana, kuyilapho omunye umkhawulo usetshenziselwa ukunamathisela inadi noma iwasha. Izikhonkwane ezinobude ezingalingani zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho kunezingqinamba zesikhala noma kunezidingo ezithile zokubopha.
I-Anti - Corrosion Double End Studs: Ngaphezu kokwenziwa ngokugqwala - izinto ezimelana nensimbi njengensimbi engagqwali, lezi zikhonkwane zingase zithole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okuqeda ukugqwala, okufana ne-Dacromet noma i-Geomet coating. Ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezindawo ezisogwini, izindawo zezimboni ezinokungcoliswa okuphezulu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezichayeke kumswakama namakhemikhali, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-double end studs kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi ezinembile kanye nekhwalithi eqinile - izinyathelo zokulawula:
Ukulungiselela Material: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengezinsimbi zensimbi noma izinduku, zitholakala ngokucophelela. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlolelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana namazinga okukhiqiza. Izinto zensimbi zibe sezisikwa zibe ubude obufanele ngokwezidingo zesayizi ye-stud.
Uchungechunge: Ukuxhuma kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izitudi. Imishini ekhethekile yokulutha efayo noma egoqayo isetshenziselwa ukwakha imicu kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-stud. Ukugoqa intambo kuyindlela ekhethwayo njengoba kwakha intambo enamandla ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala kwe-stud. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa idinga ukulawula okucophelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwephimbo lentambo, iphrofayili yochungechunge, nokuhambisana namantongomane ahambisanayo noma izimbobo ezithenjiwe. Kuma-studs anezidingo ezithile zentambo, njenge-fine - thread noma amafomu ochungechunge olukhethekile, ukunemba okwengeziwe kungase kuhileleke.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (okwezinto zamandla aphezulu): Izikhonkwane ezenziwe ngezinto zamandla aphezulu njengensimbi yengxubevange noma insimbi yezinga eliphezulu yekhabhoni zingase zishise - izinqubo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisa ukucwiliswa, ukucisha, nokushisisa. Lezi zinqubo zithuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini yama-studs, zikhulisa amandla azo, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuqina ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zohlelo.
Qeda Ukwelashwa: Ngokuya ngesicelo, iziphetho zama-studs zingase zithole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, iziphetho zingashintshwa ukuze kube lula ukufaka amantongomane noma izimbobo ezithenjiwe. Kwezinye izimo, iziphetho zingase zenziwe isicaba noma zilungiswe ukuze zivumelane nezindlela ezithile zokubopha noma ukunikeza indawo engcono yokufaka amawasha noma amantongomane.
Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu: Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukubukeka, kanye nezakhiwo zokusebenza, izikhonkwane zensimbi zingase zibhekane nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa. I-Zinc plating ibeka ungqimba oluncane lwezinc endaweni ye-stud, ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuyisisekelo kokugqwala. I-Hot - dip galvanizing inikeza i-zinc coating eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvelo zangaphandle neziqinile. I-Black oxide coating idala ungqimba oluncane, olumnyama, ukugqwala - ukumelana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi kunikeza ama-stud ukubukeka okukhangayo. Izikhonkwane zensimbi engagqwali zingase zilashwe ukuze zithuthukise ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala kwemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi: Yonke iqoqo lama-double end studs ihlolwa ngokuqinile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ububanzi be-stud, ubude, ukucaciswa kwentambo, nokwelashwa kokugcina kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini, okufana namandla aqinile, ubulukhuni, nokuhlolwa kwetorque, kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthwalo - umthamo wokuthwala nokuqina kwezigxobo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo nakho kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukonakala kwendawo, ukuqhekeka, noma ukwakheka kwentambo okungafanele. Izikhonkwane eziphumelela zonke izivivinyo zekhwalithi kuphela ezigunyazwe ukupakishwa nokusabalalisa.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwama-double end studs kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo nokwelula impilo yazo yesevisi:
I-Zinc Plating: I-Zinc Plating yindlela yokwelapha engaphezulu esetshenziswa kakhulu yezikhonkwane zensimbi ye-carbon. Kuhilela ukufaka i-electroplating ungqimba oluncane lwe-zinc endaweni ye-stud. Lesi singqimba se-zinc sisebenza njengesivimbeli somhlatshelo, sigqwala ngokukhethekile ukuze sivikele insimbi engaphansi. I-Zinc plating ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuyisisekelo kokugqwala futhi ifaneleka ngaphakathi nangaphansi - izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezigqwalayo. Iphinde inikeze ama-studs ukubonakala okukhanyayo, okusansimbi.
Kuyashisa - Dip Galvanizing: Enqubweni yokushisa idiphu, izigxobo ziqala zigcotshwe futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungaphezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, ziyaguquguquka futhi zicwiliswe kubhavu we-zinc oncibilikisiwe ongaba ngu-450 - 460°C. I-zinc ihlangana ne-ayoni esensimbini ukuze yakhe uchungechunge lwezinki - izingqimba ze-iron alloy, kulandele ungqimba lwangaphandle lwezinki oluhlanzekile. Umphumela owugqinsi futhi oqinile onamathelayo unikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, okwenza izikhonkwane zilungele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo, njengezindawo zezimboni noma izifunda ezisogwini.
I-Black oxide Coating: I-Black oxide coating inqubo yamakhemikhali eyenza ungqimba oluncane, olumnyama, olungagqwali phezu kwezigxobo zensimbi ye-carbon. Lokhu kunamathela akuhlinzeki nje kuphela ngezinga elithile lokuvikela ukugqwala kodwa futhi kunikeza izikhonkwane umfaniswano, ukubukeka okumnyama kwe-matte, okuvame ukuthandwa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ubuhle nokumelana nokugqwala okumaphakathi. Ungqimba lwe-oxide emnyama luncane futhi lungase ludinge amajazi angaphezulu engeziwe ukuze kuvikeleke ukugqwala okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu.
I-Stainless Steel Passivation: Ngezikhonkwane zensimbi engagqwali, ukwelashwa kwe-passivation kuyenziwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukucwilisa izikhonkwane kusisombululo se-asidi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungaphezulu, izinhlayiya zensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ungqimba lwemvelo lwe-passive oxide endaweni yensimbi engagqwali. I-passivation ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ama-ion e-chloride noma ezinye izinto ezibolayo zingase zibe khona, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwezigxobo.
Izingubo Ezikhethekile: Kwezinye izimo, izikhonkwane zingase zithole ama-coatings akhethekile. Izembatho ze-Teflon zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisa nokukhulula amantongomane kuma-studs. Izindwangu ezivimbela ukubanjwa zivimbela izigxobo ekubambeni ngenxa ye-oxidation noma ukuchayeka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho izigxobo zingadinga ukususwa futhi zifakwe kabusha njalo. Ama-anti-abrasion coatings angasetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela ingaphezulu le-stud ekuklwebheni nasekugugekeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingqubuzana kakhulu.
I-Double end studs isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi:
Ukukhiqiza Imishini Nezisetshenziswa: Ekwenziweni kwemishini, izikhonkwane ezineziphetho ezimbili zibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela amabhulokhi enjini, amakhanda amasilinda, amabhokisi kagiya, nezinye izingxenye ezisindayo. Ikhono lokuhlinzeka ngokuqiniswa okuphephile nokuthembekile, ngisho nangaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza, kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Ubunjiniyela Bezokwakha Nokwakha: Ebunjiniyela bokwakha kanye nesakhiwo, ama-double end studs asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zesakhiwo, njengemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu, namapuleti. Zibuye ziqashwe ekufakweni kwezakhi zekhonkrithi ze-precast, zinikeze uxhumano oluqinile noluhlala njalo. Izikhonkwane ezineziphetho eziqinile eziphakeme zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zesakhiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nobuqotho bezakhiwo namabhuloho.
I-Automotive and Aerospace Industries: Embonini yezimoto, ama-double end studs asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni injini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa. Bangakwazi ukumelana nokudlidliza kanye nokucindezeleka okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, lapho ikhwalithi eqinile kanye namazinga okusebenza adingekayo, ama-double end studs asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zendiza. Ukukhiqiza kwazo okunembayo kanye nezakhiwo zamandla aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezindiza.
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kanye nokufakwa kweValve: Ezimbonini zamapayipi namapayipi, ama-double end studs asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-flange ezinhlelweni zamapayipi. Banikeza uphawu oluvikelekile phakathi kwezigaba zamapayipi nama-valve, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinhlelo ezithwala uketshezi. Ama-anti-corrosion double end studs avame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zokucubungula amakhemikhali nasezisetshenziswa zasolwandle ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokugcina ukwethembeka kwengqalasizinda yamapayipi.
Izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi: Ezimbonini zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, ama-double end studs angasetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindawo ezivalekile zikagesi, amaphaneli, kanye nezingxenye. Fine - ama-double end studs afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuhlanganisa ama-electronics, njengoba avumela ukuqiniswa okunembayo ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye ezibucayi.
Ukuqiniswa Okuvikelekile Nokwethenjelwa: Izikhonkwane ezineziphetho ezimbili zinikeza isixazululo sokubopha esivikelekile nesithembekile. Ngokusebenzisa amantongomane emikhawulweni yomibili, angafaka ngisho nokucindezela futhi asabalalise imithwalo ngokuphumelelayo, anciphise ingozi yokuxegisa ngaphansi kokudlidliza noma ukucindezeleka komshini. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kokulula - umsebenzi kuya emisebenzini enzima - imisebenzi.
Ukuguquguquka: Itholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izinto zokwakha, izinhlobo zentambo, kanye nemiklamo, ama-double end studs angashintshwa kalula ngezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuwumsebenzi oqondile embonini yezogesi noma umsebenzi wokwakha osindayo, kunemodeli ye-stud efanelekayo etholakalayo. Okukhethekile - amamodeli wesici, afana ne-fine - thread, engalingani - ubude, nama-anti - corrosion studs, anweba ngokwengeziwe ububanzi bokusebenza kwawo ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Ukufaka nokususa kalula: Ama-studs aphethe kabili kulula ukuwafaka nokuwasusa. Uma umkhawulo owodwa usufakwe embotsheni echotshoziwe, amantongomane angaqiniswa kalula noma athukululwe ngakolunye uhlangothi kusetshenziswa ama-wrenches ajwayelekile noma amasokhethi. Lokhu kulula ekufakeni nasekususeni kubenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokuhlanganisa nokulungisa, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.
Izindleko - Ziyasebenza: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezixhumi, izikhonkwane eziphindwe kabili zingaba isisombululo esisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqiniswa okuthembekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwazo okujwayelekile kanye nokutholakala okubanzi kunomthelela ekongeni izindleko, futhi impilo yazo ende yesevisi inciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo.
Umthwalo Ophakeme - Umthamo Wokuthwala: Kuye ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nosayizi, ama-studs aphindwe kabili angaba nomthwalo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo. Izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu ezenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy noma insimbi ye-carbon yezinga eliphezulu zingamelana namandla amakhulu okudonsa kanye nokugunda, okuzenze zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi osindayo kumaphrojekthi ezimboni nezokwakha.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali nezindawo ezihlukahlukene - izinketho zokwelapha, izikhonkwane ezineziphetho ezimbili zinikeza okuhle kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni zangaphandle, zasolwandle, nezidlekayo, zandise impilo yazo yesevisi futhi kwehlise nezindleko zokuzilungisa.