
Amawasha asentwasahlobo enziwa kakhulu ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuqina. I-Carbon steel iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu, imvamisa ngamamaki afana no-65Mn noma 70, okungaba ukushisa - iphathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunwebeka kwayo kanye nokumelana nokukhathala.
Amawasha asentwasahlobo aklanywe kakhulu ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuqina. I-Carbon steel iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu, imvamisa ngamamaki afana no-65Mn noma 70, okungaba ukushisa - yelashwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunwebeka kwayo kanye nokumelana nokukhathala. Amawasha entwasahlobo ensimbi ane-carbon steel aphethwe ukushisa anikeza ukusimama okuhle kakhulu, okuwavumela ukuthi agcine ingcindezi eqhubekayo ezintweni eziboshiwe futhi avimbele ukuxega okubangelwa ukudlidliza noma imithwalo eguquguqukayo.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, insimbi engagqwali iyona nto ekhethwayo. Amabanga ensimbi engagqwali afana no-304 no-316 asetshenziswa kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphezulu ekugqwaleni nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zasolwandle, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, nokufakwa ngaphandle. Ukwengeza, amawasha entwasahlobo e-copper - alloy asetshenziswa ezimeni ezithile lapho kudingeka khona ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kanye nezindawo zokulwa nokugalela, njengakuxhumano lukagesi. Amanye amawasha asentwasahlobo angase futhi afake izinto zokwelapha ezingaphezulu njenge-zinc plating, i-black oxide coating, noma i-dacromet coating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala nokuthuthukisa ukubukeka.
Umugqa womkhiqizo wamawasha asentwasahlobo uhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe ngokuklama kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo:
Iziwashi ezijwayelekile ze-Helical Spring: Lezi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, eziqukethe isakhiwo esilula esine-helical. Atholakala ngebanga elibanzi losayizi, elihambisana namadayamitha ahlukene webhawodi nesikulufu, ngokuvamile ukusuka ku-M2 kuye ku-M36 noma 1/8" kuya ku-1 - 1/2". Amawasha asentwasahlobo ajwayelekile afanele ukusetshenziswa kwenhloso evamile, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuyisisekelo kokulwa nokuxegiswa kwemishini, njengezingxenye zezimoto, izifakelo zefenisha, nezinto zikagesi zasendlini.
I-Wave Spring Washers: Ebonakala ngamagagasi awo - njengephrofayili, lawa mawasha anikezela ngokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwamandla entwasahlobo endaweni eboshwe. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho isikhala sinqunyelwe khona noma kudingeka iphrofayili eyisicaba. Amawashi entwasahlobo e-Wave ayatholakala kuzo zombili imiklamo ye-single - wave ne-multi-wave, futhi eza ngosayizi abafana namawasha asentwasahlobo ajwayelekile. Ilungele imishini enembayo, izinto zikagesi, nezinto zezokwelapha, lapho ukucindezela okungaguquki nokufakwa okuhlangene kubalulekile.
I-Belleville Spring Washers: Emise okwe-conical disc, ama-spring washers ase-Belleville angakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla aphezulu e-axial ngokuphambuka okuncane. Zakhelwe ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okukhulu, njengasemishinini yezimboni, izinto zokusebenza zikawoyela negesi, nezingxenye ze-aerospace. Amawasha asentwasahlobo ase-Belleville atholakala ngogqinsi nobubanzi obuhlukene, futhi angapakishwa ngochungechunge noma ngokuhambisana ukuze alungise amandla entwasahlobo ngokwezidingo ezithile.
Khiya Amawasha asentwasahlobo: Eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okunqanda ukuxega, amawasha entwasahlobo ekhiya angase abe nezici ezengeziwe ezifana namaphethelo asontekile noma idizayini ehlukanisiwe. Amawasha okhiye wokukhiya aluma ezindaweni zokukhwelana, akhulise ukungqubuzana futhi avimbele ukuzungezisa. Amawasha wokukhiya ahlukanisiwe, anedizayini yawo yezingcezu ezimbili, enza isenzo sokukhiya lapho siminyanisiwe, sinikeza uxhumano oluvikeleke kakhulu. Lawa mawasha avame ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto, emishinini yokwakha, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukumelana nokudlidliza kubalulekile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamawasha asentwasahlobo kuhilela amasu okukhiqiza aqondile kanye nekhwalithi eqinile - izinyathelo zokulawula:
Ukulungiselela Material: Amakhoyili ensimbi ekhwalithi ephezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, noma ingxubevange yethusi, akhethiwe futhi angahlanganiswa. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibe sezihlolelwa ikhwalithi engaphezulu, ukujiya kokuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga okukhiqiza.
Ukubumba: Kumawasha entwasahlobo e-helical, umucu wensimbi udlula emshinini wokugoqa noma wokunyathela, uwulolonge ube yisici se-helical. Amawashi entwasahlobo amagagasi akhiwa kusetshenziswa ama-dies akhethekile adlulisela igagasi - njengephrofayili, kuyilapho amawasha asentwasahlobo e-Belleville enziwa ngokugxiviza noma ngomshini umumo oyikhonikhali osuka kudiski yensimbi eyisicaba. Amawasha entwasahlobo yokukhiya angase athathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokwakha ama-serrations noma imiklamo yokuhlukanisa.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (kwensimbi ye-carbon): Amawasha entwasahlobo ensimbi ekhabhoni ajwayele ukushisa - aphathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zawo zokuwasha. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukwehlisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukucisha ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni, kanye nokuthambisa ukuze kubuyiselwe i-ductility ethile nokuthuthukisa ukunwebeka. Lo mjikelezo wokushisa - wokwelapha uqinisekisa ukuthi amawasha angakwazi ukumunca kahle ukudlidliza futhi agcine amandla entwasahlobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala nokubukeka, ama-washer entwasahlobo angase abhekane nezinqubo zokwelashwa. I-Zinc plating ihilela ukucwiliswa kwama-washers ku-zinc - okugeza okucebile, okwenza isendlalelo sokuzivikela. I-Black oxide coating yakha ungqimba oluncane, olumnyama, olunokugqwala - olumelana nangaphezulu. I-Dacromet coating, ukwelashwa okuthuthuke kakhulu, inikeza ukuvikelwa kokugqwala okuphezulu futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi: Iqoqo ngalinye lamawasha asentwasahlobo lihlolwa ngokucophelela. Ukuhlola ubukhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bangaphandle, ububanzi bangaphakathi, nogqinsi kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezishiwo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-elasticity kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-washer angakwazi ukukhiqiza futhi agcine amandla adingekayo entwasahlobo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukonakala kwendawo, njengokuqhekeka, ama-burrs, noma ama-coatings angalingani. Amawasha kuphela aphumelela zonke izivivinyo zekhwalithi agunyazwe ukupakishwa nokusabalalisa.
Amawasha asentwasahlobo asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene kanye nezicelo zemishini:
Imboni Yezimoto: Ekwenziweni kwezimoto, amawasha asentwasahlobo abalulekile ekuvikeleni izingxenye zenjini, izingxenye ezimisiwe, nezinhlaka zomzimba. Avimbela amabhawodi namantongomane ukuthi angaxegi ngenxa yokudlidliza kwenjini nokushayisana komgwaqo, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwezimoto.
I-Aerospace kanye ne-Aviation: Ezisetshenziswa zasemkhathini, lapho ukunemba nokuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu, amawasha asentwasahlobo asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izinjini zezindiza, amaphiko, namafuselage. Izinto zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengensimbi engagqwali nokwelashwa okukhethekile kwendawo zisetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zokunciphisa isisindo, ukumelana nokugqwala, namandla okukhathala.
Imishini Yezimboni: Ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, amawasha asentwasahlobo asetshenziselwa ukubopha imishini esindayo, njengamasistimu okuthutha, amaphampu, namajeneretha. Basiza ukugcina ubuqotho bokuxhumana ngaphansi kokusebenza okuqhubekayo nemithwalo esindayo, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhluleka kwemishini ngenxa yezingxenye ezixekethile.
Izinto zikagesi nezikagesi: Embonini yezogesi, amawashi entwasahlobo amagagasi namawasha entwasahlobo anosayizi omncane abancane avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela amabhodi esekethe, izixhumi, nezindawo ezivalekile. Ikhono lazo lokunikeza ingcindezi engaguquki ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye ezithambile lizenza zilungele ukuhlanganisa okunembayo kwe-elekthronikhi.
Ezokwakha kanye Nengqalasizinda: Emisebenzini yokwakha, amawasha asentwasahlobo asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izakhi zesakhiwo, njengemishayo yensimbi, izinsimbi, nezikafula. Baqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kuqinile ngisho nangaphansi kwemithwalo eguquguqukayo kanye nezingcindezi zemvelo okuhlangatshezwane nazo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwakhiwa kwamabhuloho.
I-Anti Esebenzayo - Ukukhulula: Amawasha asentwasahlobo ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esinokwethenjelwa sokulwa nokukhulula ngokusebenzisa amandla anwebekayo aqhubekayo phakathi kwamantongomane noma ikhanda lebhawodi nendawo eboshiwe. La mandla aphikisana nokudlidliza namandla ajikelezayo, avimbele amantongomane namabhawodi ukuthi angaxegi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukuphepha nokuzinza kwemishini ehlanganisayo.
Ukuguquguquka: Itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, osayizi, kanye nemiklamo, amawasha asentwasahlobo angenziwa ngokwezifiso kalula ukuze avumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Noma ngabe umshini omncane we-elekthronikhi noma umshini wezimboni ezinkulu, kunemodeli efanelekile yewasha yasentwasahlobo yomsebenzi.
Izindleko - Ziyasebenza: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulwa - ukukhulula, njengezintambo zokuvala izintambo noma izinsimbi ezikhethekile, ama-spring washers anikezela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo. Ashibhile ukuwenza nokufaka, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile kukho kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulungisa.
Ukufakwa Okulula Nokususwa: Amawasha asentwasahlobo kulula ukuwafaka nokuwasusa, adinga amathuluzi ezandla ayisisekelo kuphela. Umklamo wabo oqondile uvumela ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo nokuhlakazwa, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokugcina kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Okuqinile futhi Okude - Kuhlala: Yakhiwe ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, amawasha asentwasahlobo anempilo ende yesevisi. Bangakwazi ukumelana nemijikelezo yokulayisha nokuthulula ephindaphindwayo, kanye nokuchayeka ezimeni ezehlukene zemvelo, baqinisekise ukusebenza okungaguquki kuyo yonke impilo yabo.