
Ama-thread studs avame ukwakhiwa ngezinto ezihlukene zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene mayelana namandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Carbon steel ime njengenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni afana no-4.8, 8.8, no-10.9.
Ama-thread studs avame ukwakhiwa ngezinto ezihlukene zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene mayelana namandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Carbon steel ime njengenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabangeni afana no-4.8, 8.8, no-10.9. I-carbon steel yezinga eliphansi - grade 4.8 inikeza amandla ayisisekelo, iyenze ifaneleke jikelele - imisebenzi yokubopha inhloso lapho izidingo zomthwalo zingaqini kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, ama-carbon steels ebanga eliphezulu afana no-8.8 kanye no-10.9 angathola ukwelashwa okushisayo ukuze aqinise kakhulu amandla awo aqinile, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuqina. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubenza bakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo esindayo kanye nengcindezi yemishini enzima, okubenza bafaneleke kumaphrojekthi ezimboni nawokwakha adinga ukuqiniswa okuqinile. Ukuze kuvikelwe izigxobo zentambo yensimbi ye-carbon steel ekugqwaleni, izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile ezihlanganisa i-zinc plating, i-black oxide coating, kanye ne-hot - dip galvanizing.
Insimbi engagqwali ingenye impahla ebalulekile, njengoba amabanga 304 no-316 asetshenziswa kabanzi. I-304 insimbi engagqwali inikeza okwanelisayo jikelele - ukumelana nokugqwala kwenhloso, okuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini kanye nezimo eziningi zangaphandle ezinokuchayeka kwemvelo okusesilinganisweni. 316 insimbi engagqwali, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum, inikeza ukumelana okuphakeme namakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanzi anosawoti kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iyimpahla ekhethwayo ezimbonini ezifana nasolwandle, amakhemikhali, kanye nokucubungula ukudla, kanye namaphrojekthi angaphandle ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu kubalulekile, insimbi ye-alloy iyangena. Insimbi ye-alloy, equkethe izakhi ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, ne-nickel, ingaba ukushisa - iphathwe ukuze kuzuzwe izici zomshini ezihlukile. Izikhonkwane zochungechunge ezenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zengcindezi ephezulu, njengezinjini zezimoto, izingxenye ze-aerospace, nemishini esindayo, lapho kokubili amandla nokukhathala ukumelana kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uhlu lomkhiqizo lwezikhonkwane zentambo luhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene, ahlukaniswe ngosayizi, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo, nezici zokuklama:
Izikhonkwane Zochungechunge Ezijwayelekile: Izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile ziyatholakala kuhlu olubanzi lwamasayizi wemethrikhi nama-imperial. Osayizi bemethrikhi ngokuvamile basuka ku-M3 baye ku-M36, kuyilapho osayizi be-imperial bemboza ukusuka ku-4 kuye ku-1 - 1/2". Lezi zikhonkwane zifaka i-pitch yentambo evamile futhi zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubopha okuvamile ekuhlanganiseni kwemishini, ukufakwa kwemishini, namaphrojekthi wokwakha ayisisekelo. Izintambo ezijwayelekile zochungechunge ngokuvamile zinemicu efanayo ngobude bazo, zinikeza isixazululo esithembekile nesiyisisekelo sokubopha uhla olubanzi lwemisebenzi evamile.
High - Strength Thread Studs: Iklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo, izikhonkwane zentambo yamandla aphezulu zenziwa ngezinto zebanga eliphezulu, ngokuvamile insimbi eyingxubevange noma insimbi enamandla kakhulu yekhabhoni enamabanga afana no-12.9. Lawa ma-studs aklanywe ngama-diameter amakhulu nobude obude ukuze abambe amandla amakhulu okudonsa kanye nokugunda. Zibalulekile kuzilungiselelo zezimboni zokuvikela imishini esindayo, izingxenye zesakhiwo esikhulu, kanye nemishini esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza. Izikhonkwane zochungechunge lwamandla aphezulu zingase futhi zihlanganise imiklamo yentambo ekhethekile noma izici ezengeziwe zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo namandla okuthwala umthwalo.
Okukhethekile - Izikhonkwane ze-Feature Thread:
Okuhle - Imicu: Ifaka i-pitch yentambo encane uma iqhathaniswa nezikhonkwane ezijwayelekile, ama-cool - ama-thread studs anikeza ukunemba kokulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana okuphakeme ukuze kuxege. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukucoliswa ngokucophelela, okufana nemishini enembayo, okokusebenza okubonakalayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Idizayini yentambo enhle ivumela ukuma okunembe kakhudlwana kanye noxhumo oluvikeleke kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi.
Imicu eyimpumputhe: Lezi zikhonkwane zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emigodini eyimpumputhe, lapho ukufinyelela kungenzeka khona ohlangothini olulodwa. Izikhonkwane zochungechunge oluyimpumputhe ngokuvamile zinengxenye enentambo ekugcineni eyodwa ukuze zifakwe embotsheni eyimpumputhe kanye nokucushwa okuhlukile, okufana ne-shank ebushelelezi noma ikhanda, ngakolunye uhlangothi lokunamathisela izingxenye. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ifenisha, ukuhlanganisa ingaphakathi lezimoto, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukubopha okuhlanzekile nokuvikelekile okuvela ohlangothini olulodwa.
I-Anti - Vibration Thread Studs: Eyakhelwe ukumelana nokuxegiswa okubangelwa ukudlidliza, imicu elwa nokudlidliza ihlanganisa izici ezikhethekile. Abanye bangase babe nomklamo wokuzikhiya wokuzikhiya, kuyilapho abanye bengase basebenzise izakhi ezengeziwe zokukhiya noma okokunamathela. Lezi zikhonkwane zibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana nezinjini zezimoto, imishini yezimboni enezingxenye zokudlidliza okuphezulu, nezinto zokuthutha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqiniswa kuhlala kuvikelekile ngisho nangaphansi kokudlidliza okuqhubekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-thread studs kuhilela izinyathelo ezinembayo eziningi kanye nekhwalithi eqinile - izinyathelo zokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwazo:
Ukulungiselela Material: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengezinsimbi zensimbi noma izinduku, zitholakala ngokucophelela. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu yezinto zokwakha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zokukhiqiza. Kamuva, izinto zensimbi zisikwa zibe ubude obufanele ngokuvumelana nezidingo zosayizi othize we-studs.
Uchungechunge: Ukucupha kuyinqubo ebucayi ekwenziweni kwezigxobo zentambo. Imishini eyisipesheli yokulutha efayo noma egoqayo isetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izintambo kuma-studs. Ukugoqa uchungechunge kuyindlela ekhethwayo njengoba kukhiqiza intambo enamandla ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala kwezigxobo. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa idinga ukulawulwa okucophelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphakama kwentambo okunembile, iphrofayela efanele yochungechunge, nokuhambisana namantongomane ahambisanayo noma izimbobo ezithenjiwe. Kuma-studs anezidingo ezithile zentambo, njengemicu emihle noma amafomu entambo akhethekile, kungase kudingeke eminye imisebenzi yomshini wokunemba.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (okwezinto zamandla aphezulu): Izikhonkwane ezenziwe ngezinto zamandla aphezulu njengensimbi ye-alloy noma insimbi ye-carbon grade evame ukushiswa - izinqubo zokwelashwa, ezihlanganisa ukucwiliswa, ukucisha, kanye nokushisa. Lezi zinqubo zithuthukisa izici zomshini zama-studi, zikhulisa amandla azo, ubulukhuni, nokuqina ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Qeda Ukwelashwa: Ngokuya ngesicelo kanye nomklamo we-thread stud, iziphetho zingase zithole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, iziphetho zingashintshwa ukuze kube lula ukufaka amantongomane noma izimbobo ezithenjiwe, ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokufaka. Kwezinye izimo, iziphetho zingashintshwa noma zenziwe ukuze kuhambisane nezindlela ezithile zokubopha noma ukunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esingcono nezingxenye ezinamathiselwe.
Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu: Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka, kanye nokwengeza izakhiwo ezisebenzayo, izikhonkwane zentambo yensimbi zingase zibhekane nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa. I-Zinc plating ibeka ungqimba oluncane lwezinc endaweni ye-stud, enikeza ukuvikelwa kokugqwala okuyisisekelo nokubukeka okukhanyayo, okusansimbi. I-Hot - dip galvanizing ihlinzeka ngokujiya futhi okuqinile kwe-zinc, okwenza izikhonkwane zilungele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo. I-Black oxide coating idala ungqimba oluncane, olumnyama, ukugqwala - ukumelana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, okunikeza izikopelo isiphetho esikhangayo se-matte kuyilapho inikeza izinga elithile lokuvikela ukugqwala. Izikhonkwane zensimbi engagqwali zingase zilashwe ukuze zithuthukise ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi: Yonke inqwaba yezigxobo zentambo ingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ububanzi be-stud, ubude, ukucaciswa kwentambo, nokwelashwa kokugcina kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezimisiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini, okuhlanganisa ukuqina okuqinile, ukuqina, nokuhlolwa kwetorque, kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthwalo - umthamo wokuthwala nokuqina kwezigxivizo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kuyenziwa futhi ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukonakala kwendawo, ukuqhekeka, noma ukwakheka kwentambo okungafanele. Izikhonkwane eziphumelela zonke izivivinyo zekhwalithi kuphela ezigunyazwe ukupakishwa nokusabalalisa.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwezigxobo zentambo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokwelula impilo yazo yesevisi:
I-Zinc Plating: I-Zinc Plating yindlela yokwelapha engaphezulu eyamukelwa kabanzi ye-carbon steel thread studs. Kuhilela ukufaka i-electroplating ungqimba oluncane lwe-zinc endaweni ye-stud. Lesi singqimba se-zinc sisebenza njengesivimbeli somhlatshelo, sigqwala ngokukhethekile ukuze sivikele insimbi engaphansi. I-Zinc plating ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuyisisekelo kokugqwala futhi ifaneleka ngaphakathi nangaphansi - izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezigqwalayo. Iphinde inikeze ama-studs ukubonakala okucwebezelayo, okusansimbi, okungakhanga ngobuhle kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kuyashisa - Dip Galvanizing: Enqubweni yokushisa idiphu, izigxobo ziqala zigcotshwe futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungaphezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, ziyaguquguquka futhi zicwiliswe kubhavu we-zinc oncibilikisiwe cishe ku-450 - 460°C. I-zinc ihlangana ne-ayoni esensimbini ukuze yakhe uchungechunge lwezinki - izingqimba ze-iron alloy, kulandele ungqimba lwangaphandle lwezinki oluhlanzekile. Umphumela owugqinsi futhi oqinile onamathelayo unikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, okwenza izigxobo zifanelekele ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingaphandle neziqinile, njengezindawo zezimboni, izifunda ezisogwini, nezindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
I-Black oxide Coating: I-Black oxide coating inqubo yamakhemikhali eyenza ungqimba oluncane oluncane, olumnyama, olungagqwali endaweni ye-carbon steel studs. Lokhu kunamathela akuhlinzeki nje kuphela ngezinga elithile lokuvikela ukugqwala kodwa futhi kunikeza iyunifomu, ukubukeka okumnyama kwe-matte kuma-studi, okuvame ukuthandwa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ubuhle nokumelana nokugqwala okumaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ungqimba lwe-oxide emnyama luncane, futhi amajazi angaphezulu engeziwe, njengamafutha noma i-wax, angasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvikeleka kokugqwala ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu.
I-Stainless Steel Passivation: Okwezikhonkwane zentambo yensimbi engenasici, ukwelashwa kwe-passivation kuyenziwa. Le nqubo ihilela ukucwilisa izigxobo kusixazululo se-asidi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungaphezulu, izinhlayiya zensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ungqimba lwemvelo lwe-passive oxide endaweni yensimbi engagqwali. I-passivation ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ama-ion e-chloride noma ezinye izinto ezonakalisayo zingase zibe khona, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezigxobo.
Izingubo Ezikhethekile: Ezimweni ezithile, izikhonkwane zentambo zingathola ama-coatings akhethekile. Izembatho ze-Teflon zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisa nokukhulula amantongomane kuma-studs. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu ezicelweni lapho kudingeka ukuhlanganisa njalo nokuhlakazwa. Izindwangu ezivimbela ukubanjwa zivimbela izigxobo ekubambeni ngenxa ye-oxidation noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, elibalulekile ezinhlelweni lapho izigxobo zingase zidinge ukususwa futhi zifakwe kabusha njalo, njengalapho kugcinwa khona injini noma ukulungiswa kwemishini yezimboni. Ama-anti-abrasion coatings angasetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela ingaphezulu le-stud ekuklwebheni nasekugugekeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingqubuzana kakhulu.
Ama-thread studs athola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi:
Ukukhiqiza Imishini Nezisetshenziswa: Embonini yokukhiqiza imishini, izikhonkwane zentambo zibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingxenye zenjini, ama-gearbox, nezinye izingxenye ezisindayo. Ikhono lezintambo zentambo ukunikeza ukuqiniswa okuphephile nokuthembekile, ngisho nangaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nokudlidliza, kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Noma ngabe kukwakhiwa kwemishini yezimboni ezinkulu noma ukukhiqizwa kwemishini emincane, izikhonkwane zentambo ziqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okufanele kanye nokuxhumeka okuvikelekile kwezingxenye.
Ubunjiniyela Bezokwakha Nokwakha: Ebunjiniyela bokwakha kanye nesakhiwo, izigxobo zentambo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izakhi zesakhiwo, njengemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu, nezingxenye ze-precast zikakhonkolo. Banikeza uxhumano oluqinile noluhlala njalo, okufaka isandla ekuzinzeni okuphelele nobuqotho bezakhiwo namabhuloho. Izikhonkwane zochungechunge lwamandla aphezulu zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zesakhiwo esibucayi ukuze zimelane nemithwalo ebalulekile kanye nezingcindezi ezitholwa kulezi zakhiwo.
I-Automotive and Aerospace Industries: Embonini yezimoto, izigxobo zentambo zisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni injini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela ukudlidliza kanye nezingcindezi zemishini ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, lapho ikhwalithi eqinile nokusebenza kwamazinga kubaluleke kakhulu, izigxobo zezintambo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zendiza. Ukukhiqiza kwazo okunembayo kanye nezakhiwo zamandla aphezulu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezindiza, njengoba ngisho nokwehluleka okuncane ekubopheni kungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.
Izinto zikagesi nezikagesi: Ezimbonini ze-elekthronikhi nezikagesi, izikhonkwane zentambo, ikakhulukazi izikhonkwane zentambo, zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela amabhodi esekethe, izivalo zikagesi, nezinye izakhi. Idizayini yentambo enhle ivumela ukuqiniswa okunembayo ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezibucayi ze-elekthronikhi. Zibuye zisize ekugcineni ukufakwa kukagesi kanye nokuhlelwa kahle kwezingxenye, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwezinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi.
Ifenisha kanye Nokwenza Ngokhuni: Ekwenziweni kwefenisha nokusebenza ngokhuni, izigxivizo zentambo, ikakhulukazi izintambo eziyimpumputhe, zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izikhonkwane zentambo eyimpumputhe zinika amandla ukuqiniswa okuvikelekile ukusuka ohlangothini olulodwa, okulungele ukudala ukuxhumana okufihliwe kuzingcezu zefenisha, ukunikeza ukubukeka okuhlanzekile nokubukeka kahle. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amafreyimu okhuni, ukunamathisela imilenze yetafula, nokujoyina ezinye izingxenye zefenisha, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqina kwemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ukuqiniswa Okuvikelekile Nokwethenjelwa: Izikhonkwane zochungechunge zinikeza isisombululo esivikelekile nesithembekile sokubopha. Ngokusebenzisa amantongomane noma izingxenye ezinentambo yokukhwelana, angakwazi ukusabalalisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo futhi amelane nokuxegiswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehlukahlukene yemishini, okuhlanganisa ukudlidliza, ukushuba, namandla okugunda. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele uchungechunge olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekukhanyeni - emsebenzini kuya emisebenzini esindayo - imisebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe noma izingxenye.
Ukuguquguquka: Ngobubanzi obuningi bobukhulu, izinto zokwakha, izinhlobo zentambo, nemiklamo etholakalayo, izikhonkwane zentambo zingenziwa ngokwezifiso kalula ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunemba - umsebenzi ogxile embonini yezogesi noma iphrojekthi yokwakha esindayo, kunemodeli yentambo yentambo efanelekile. Izikhonkwane zesici esikhethekile, njenge-fine - thread, blind, kanye nezinhlobo zokudlidliza, ziqhubeka zandisa ububanzi bohlelo lwazo, okuvumela izixazululo eziklanyelwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Ukufaka nokususa kalula: Izikhonkwane zochungechunge zilula ukuzifaka nokususa. Uma isifakwe embotsheni ethenjiwe noma ingxenye yokukhwelana, amantongomane noma ezinye izibophelelo ezinentambo zingaqiniswa kalula noma zixegiswe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ajwayelekile, njengezikrufu noma amasokhethi. Lokhu kulula ekufakeni nasekususeni kusiza izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokuhlanganisa nokunakekela, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Izindleko - Ziyasebenza: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokubopha, izikhonkwane zentambo zinganikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqiniswa okuthembekile. Ukukhiqiza kwabo okujwayelekile nokutholakala okusabalele kunomthelela ekongeni izindleko, futhi impilo yabo yesevisi ende inciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa, ekugcineni kwehlisa zonke izindleko zobunikazi kumaphrojekthi awasebenzisayo.
Umthwalo Ophakeme - Umthamo Wokuthwala: Ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nomklamo, izikhonkwane zentambo zingaba nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo. Izikhonkwane zomucu wamandla aphezulu ezenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy noma insimbi ye-carbon steel yezinga eliphezulu ziyakwazi ukumelana namandla abalulekile okuqina kanye nokugunda, okuzenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi osindayo kumaphrojekthi ezimboni kanye nezokwakha lapho ukuqiniswa okuqinile kubalulekile ukusekela imithwalo emikhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguquka.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali nezindawo ezihlukahlukene - izinketho zokwelapha, izikhonkwane zentambo zinikeza okuhle kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle, zasolwandle, nezimoshekayo, lapho ukuchayeka kumswakama, usawoti, namakhemikhali kuvame. Ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwandisa impilo yesevisi yama-studs, kunciphisa izidingo zokunakekelwa, futhi kuqinisekise ukwethembeka okuqhubekayo kwezingxenye eziboshiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.