
Izikulufo zokuhlobisa zenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, ngasinye sikhethelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlobisa ngaphandle.
Izikulufo zokuhlobisa zenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, ngasinye sikhethelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlobisa ngaphandle. Insimbi engagqwali iyinketho ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okukhethekile. Amabanga anjenge-304 kanye ne-316 avame ukusetshenziswa. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kokugqwala kwenjongo evamile, okuyenza ifanelekele amaphrojekthi amaningi okuhlobisa ngaphandle anokuchayeka okusesilinganisweni kwemvelo. I-316 insimbi engagqwali, equkethe i-molybdenum ephakeme, inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu nezimo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa amanzi anosawoti, amakhemikhali, nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, okuyenza ibe ilungele izindawo ezisogwini noma amadekhi angase ahlangane nosawoti we-de-icing.
Insimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi ingenye into esetshenziswa kabanzi. Lezi zikulufu zithola inqubo yokufaka uthayela, kungaba ngokushisa - ukucwilisa ugesi noma i-electroplating. Izikulufu ezishisayo - ze-dip galvanized zine-zinc ewugqinsi, eqinile esebenza njengongqimba lomhlatshelo, evikela insimbi engaphansi ekugqwaleni nasekugqwaleni. Izikulufu ezifakwe ugesi zikagesi zinikeza ungqimba lwezinki oluncane kodwa olusasebenza kahle, oluhlinzeka ngezindleko - ukuvikela ukugqwala okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudekha ezingafuneki kangako.
Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa izikulufo zethusi - i-alloy. I-Copper inezakhiwo zemvelo zokulwa nokugqwala futhi ithuthukisa i-patina enhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, engathuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle bedekhi. Izikulufu zethusi - i-alloy ngokuvamile zikhethwa kumaphrojekthi okuhlobisa aphezulu noma okuhlobisa lapho kokubili ukuqina nokubukeka okubonakalayo kubalulekile.
Amakhanda e-decking screws angenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo njenge-shank noma afake ezinye izigqoko. Isibonelo, ezinye izikulufu zensimbi ezingenasici - zine-oxide emnyama - ikhanda elimboziwe ukuze libukeke ngobuhle, kuyilapho zinikeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lwesivikelo emihumeni emincane nokugqokwa kwendawo.
Ulayini womkhiqizo wezikulufu zokuhlobisa uhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe ngosayizi, uhlobo lwekhanda, ukwakheka kwentambo, nobude:
Izikulufo Ezijwayelekile Zokudonsa: Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezitholakala ngebanga elibanzi losayizi. Osayizi bemethrikhi ngokuvamile basuka ku-M4 ukuya ku-M6, kuyilapho osayizi bombuso bemboza ukusuka ku-#8 ukuya ku-#10. Izikulufu ezijwayelekile zokuhlobisa ngokuvamile zifaka ibhagi - ikhanda noma idizayini yekhanda eliyisicaba. I-bugle - ikhanda liklanyelwe ukuthi lizike kancane okhunini, lidale indawo eshaywayo futhi linciphise ubungozi bokukhubeka noma ukushwibeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikulufu zekhanda eziyisicaba, zihlala zishibilika phezulu, zinikeza ukubukeka okuhle. Izikulufu ezijwayelekile zinesakhiwo esimahhadla - intambo ethuthukiswa ukuthi ibambelele okhunini, iqinisekisa ukubopha okuvikelekile.
Kufihliwe - Izikulufo Zokudonsela Isiqiniseko: Iklanyelwe ukuqeda okubukeka kahle kakhudlwana, kufihlwe - izikulufu zokuvala izinsimbi zenzelwe ukufakwa ngendlela yokuthi ikhanda lesikulufu lingabonakali ukusuka phezulu. Lezi zikulufi zivame ukusebenza ngokubambisana neziqeshana ezikhethekile noma ezifihliwe - izinhlelo zokubopha. Atholakala ngobude nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze amukele ubukhulu bebhodi le-decking nezidingo zokufakwa. Izikulufu ezifihliwe - iziqinisi zidumile kumaphrojekthi okuhlobisa okuphezulu lapho kufunwa ukubukeka okungenamthungo nokuhlanzekile.
Izikulufo zokuhlanganisa ezihlanganisiwe: Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ngezinto zokuhlobisa eziyinhlanganisela, lezi zikulufi zinemiklamo yentambo ehlukile. Imicu ngokuvamile ayishoni futhi inolaka uma iqhathaniswa nezikulufu zokhuni zendabuko. Lo mklamo usiza ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwento eyinhlanganisela phakathi nokufakwa futhi inikeza ukubamba okuphephile. Izikulufu eziyinhlanganisela zokuhlobisa zingase futhi zibe ne-coating ekhethekile noma ukwakheka kwempahla ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-galvanic uma kuthintana nezinto eziyinhlanganisela, ezivame ukuqukatha izingxenye zensimbi.
I-Heavy - Izikulufo Zokudonsela phansi: Kumaphrojekthi okuhlobisa ngezikali ezinkulu noma ezentengiselwano, izikulufu zokudekha ezisindayo ziyatholakala. Lezi zikulufi zenziwe ngamadayamitha amakhulu namashanki aminyene, ngokuvamile asuka kunsimbi engenasici noma insimbi engenasici. Bangakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo emikhulu nezingcindezi, njengalezo ezibangelwa isiminyaminya sezinyawo, ifenisha, noma izinto zokusebenza zangaphandle. Izikulufu ezisindayo zivame ukuza ngobude obude ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqiniswa okuphephile kusetshenziswa izendlalelo eziningi zezinto zokudekha nezakhiwo zokusekela.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu zokuhlobisa kubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi ezinembile kanye nekhwalithi eqinile - izinyathelo zokulawula:
Ukulungiselela Material: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengezinsimbi ezingenasici - zensimbi, amagalani - izintambo zensimbi, noma izikhala ze-copper - alloy, zitholakala ngokucophelela. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlolelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana namazinga okukhiqiza. Izinto zensimbi zibe sezisikwa zibe ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezidingo zosayizi wesikulufa.
Ukubumba: Izikulufu zensimbi zivame ukwakhiwa ngezinqubo zokubumba ezibandayo - zesihloko noma ezishisayo. Isihloko esibandayo sivame ukusetshenziselwa izikulufu ezinosayizi omncane. Kule nqubo, insimbi ibunjwa ibe yikhanda elifunayo, i-shank, nefomu lentambo kusetshenziswa i-dies ngezigaba eziningi. Le ndlela isebenza kahle ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu ephezulu futhi ingakha amafomu wentambo anembile kanye nezikulufu. I-Hot - Forging isetshenziswa kuzikulufu ezinkulu noma eziphakeme - izikulufo zamandla, lapho insimbi ishiselwa ukuze ibe nesimo esithambile bese ilolongwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ukuze kuzuzwe amandla adingekayo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu.
Uchungechunge: Ngemva kokwakhiwa, izikulufu zingena emisebenzini yokulutha. Ngokhuni - izikulufu zokubambelela ezibambayo, ama-special threading dies asetshenziselwa ukwakha umklamo omahhadla - wentambo okhulisa ukubamba kwesikulufu okhunini. Ukugoqa uchungechunge kuyindlela ekhethwayo njengoba kwakha intambo enamandla ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala kwesikulufu. Ukuze uthole izikulufo ze-decking ezihlanganisiwe, inqubo yokuhlanganisa ilungiswa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile nokulimazayo.
Ukubunjwa Kwekhanda: Inhloko yesikulufu sokudekhisa imiswe ngokuhambisana nedizayini oyifunayo, njenge-bugle - head noma flat - head. Amathuluzi akhethekile nama-dies asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhanda linomumo olungile, usayizi, kanye ne-engeli. Ngezikulufu ezifihliwe - zokubopha, ukukhanda okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke ukuze udale izici ezivumela ukufakwa okufanele ngamasistimu okubopha afihliwe.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa (kwezinto ezithile zamandla aphezulu): Izikulufu ezenziwe ngezinto zamandla aphezulu njengensimbi yengxubevange zingase zibhekane nokushisa - izinqubo zokwelashwa. I-Annealing isetshenziselwa ukukhulula ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukucisha kwandisa ubulukhuni, futhi ukufudumala kubuyisela ukuguquguquka okuthile futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina. Lezi zinqubo zithuthukisa izici zokuwumshini zezikulufu ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezidingekayo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudekha ezisindayo.
Ukuhlanganisa nokupakisha: Ngemva kokuba izikulufo zenziwe, ziyahlanganiswa (uma zikhona, njengezinhlelo ezifihliwe - zokubopha) bese zihlanganiswa. Ukupakisha kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela ukulimala ngesikhathi sokulondoloza nezokuthutha, futhi kungase kuhlanganise ulwazi mayelana nokucaciswa kwesikulufu, okubalulekile, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinconyiwe.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nokubukeka kwezikulufa zokuhlobisa, kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kwendawo:
I-galvanization: Njengoba kushiwo, i-galvanization iwukwelashwa kwendawo okujwayelekile yezikulufu zensimbi. Ukushisa kwe-dip galvanizing kufaka phakathi ukucwiliswa kwezikulufu kubhavu we-zinc oncibilikisiwe, okuholela ezembeni eliwugqinsi, elinamathelayo. Lokhu kunamathela kunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu ngokunikela ngesendlalelo se-zinc ukuvikela insimbi engaphansi. I-Electroplating galvanization ifaka ungqimba oluncane lwezinc endaweni eyisikulufu ngenqubo ye-electrochemical, enikeza inketho ebiza kakhulu - esebenza ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezingagqwali kangako.
I-Stainless - I-Stainless Passivation: I-Stainless - izikulufu zokuhlobisa insimbi zingase zibe nenqubo yokudlula. Lokhu kuhilela ukwelapha indawo yesikulufu ngesisombululo se-asidi ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaphezulu nokungcola, kanye nokuthuthukisa ungqimba lwemvelo lwe-passive oxide endaweni yensimbi engenasici. I-passivation ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwezikulufu zensimbi ezingenasici, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezinokhahlo.
I-Coating and Plating: Ezinye izikulufu zokudekha zithola ezinye izinto zokumboza noma izingqimba ukuze kusebenze okuthuthukisiwe nobuhle. Isibonelo, i-black oxide coating isetshenziswa kwizikulufi zensimbi ezingagqwali ukuze zibe nesiphetho esimnyama, esingabukeki nje sikhanga kakhulu kodwa futhi sinikeza ukuvikeleka okuthile ekuklwebheni kwendawo. I-powder coating ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ukufaka isiphetho esiqinile, esinombala kuzikulufu, okunikeza kokubili ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuhle. Ukwengeza, ezinye izikulufu zingase zibe ne-lubricious coating ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana phakathi nokufakwa, okwenza kube lula ukushayela izikulufu okhunini noma ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela.
Izikulufo zokuhlobisa zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwamadekhi angaphandle:
Izindlu zokuhlala: Ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokuhlala, izikulufu zokudekha zibalulekile ekuqiniseni amabhodi okudekha ngokhuni noma ahlanganisiwe kuhlaka olungaphansi. Ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokuzinzile, okuvumela idekhi ukuthi imelane nokuhamba ngezinyawo, ifenisha yangaphandle, nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobo zamakhanda ahlukene kanye nemiklamo ingakhethwa ngokusekelwe ekuthandeni kobuhle babanikazi bezindlu, nge-bugle - izikulufu zekhanda ziyinketho ethandwayo yokubukeka kwendabuko nokufihliwe - izikulufu zokubopha ukuze kubonakale ukubukeka kwesimanjemanje, okungenamthungo.
Amadekhi ezohwebo kanye nawomphakathi: Ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, njengezindawo zokudlela ezinezindawo zokudlela ezingaphandle, amahhotela anama-pool decks, noma amapaki omphakathi anemigwaqo yokuhamba ngezinyawo, izikulufu zokudekha zidlala indima ebalulekile. Izikulufu zedecking ezisindayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Izakhiwo ezimelana nokugqwala kwezikulufu zibaluleke kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zentengiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina nokuphepha kwedekhi.
Ukulungiswa Nokulungiswa Kwedekhi: Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwedekhi kanye nokulungisa amaphrojekthi, izikulufo zokuhlobisa zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izinsimbi ezindala noma ezilimele. Ukusebenziseka kwazo kalula nokuqiniswa okuthembekile kuzenza zilungele ukubuyisela ngokushesha ubuqotho bedekhi. Kumaphrojekthi okulungisa, izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikulufu zokudonsa zingase zisetshenziselwe ukubuyekeza ukubukeka kwedekhi, njengokushintshela kokufihliwe - izikulufu zokubopha ukuze kubukeke kwamanje.
Amaphrojekthi Okuhlobisa Okukhethekile: Izikulufu zokuhlobisa nazo zisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okuhlobisa akhethekile, njengamadekhi antantayo, amadekhi aphakanyisiwe, noma amadekhi anemiklamo ehlukile. Kulezi zimo, usayizi ofanele, ubude, kanye nohlobo lwesikulufu kumele kukhethwe ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko ezithile zephrojekthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa okuvikelekile nokuzinzile.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala Okuhle Kakhulu: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, insimbi, noma i-alloy - ingxubevange, izikulufu zokudonsa zinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwangaphandle, njengoba amadekhi ahlala echayeka kumswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga, nezinye izakhi zemvelo. Izakhiwo ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ziqinisekisa ukuqina nokuthembeka kwedekhi, kunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo kwezinsimbi.
Ukuqiniswa Okuvikelekile: Imiklamo yezintambo ezikhethekile zezikulufu zokudekha, njengentambo eqinile yokhuni noma intambo eyingqayizivele yezinto eziyinhlanganisela, inikeza ukubamba okuvikelekile. Lokhu kuvimbela amabhodi okudekha ukuthi angaxegi noma agudluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kwedekhi. Inhlanganisela yentambo yesikulufu nomklamo wekhanda iphinde isize ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo, kwehlise ubungozi bokuhlukanisa izinto zokudekha.
Isikhalazo Sobuhle: Ngezinhlobo ezihlukene zamakhanda, okuqediwe, nemibala etholakalayo, izikulufu zokudonsa zingathuthukisa ubuhle bedekhi. I-Bugle - izikulufu zekhanda zenza indawo ebushelelezi, eshaywayo, kuyilapho kufihliwe - izikulufu zokubopha zinikeza ukubukeka okungenamthungo. Izikulufu ezinombala noma ezinamekwe zingamataniswa nezinto zokuhlobisa ukuze kuhlanganiswe noma kudale umphumela ohlukile, okungezelele ekukhangweni okubonakalayo kwendawo yangaphandle.
Ukuguquguquka: Izikulufu zokuhlobisa ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ubude, nezinto zokwakha, ezizenza zifanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuhlobisa, ezihlanganisa ukhuni, inhlanganisela, ne-PVC. Amamodeli ahlukene angakhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi, njengobukhulu bamabhodi okuhlobisa, uhlobo lwesakhiwo esingaphansi, nomthwalo olindelekile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela ukuklama okuguquguqukayo nezinketho zokufaka kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene wokuhlobisa.
Ukufaka kalula: Izikulufu zokuhlobisa kulula ukuzifaka, ngisho nakubathandi be-DIY. Idizayini yabo ivumela ukushayela okusheshayo nokuqondile ku-decking material usebenzisa amathuluzi avamile njengama-drill angenazintambo noma ama-screwdrivers. Ukutholakala kwezikulufu ezinezingubo ezigcotshisiwe noma amathiphu okuzibhoboza enza kube lula inqubo yokufaka, kunciphisa isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ekwakhiweni kwesiteki noma ukulungisa.