Ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezinamandla anamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla nokuphepha okuthembekile komthwalo nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa ukusebenza. Insimbi ye-Alloy iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amabanga afana ne-42CRMO ne-35CRMO.
p>Ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezinamandla anamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla nokuphepha okuthembekile komthwalo nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa ukusebenza. Insimbi ye-Alloy iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amabanga afana ne-42CRMO ne-35CRMO. Lezi zinsimbi ze-alloy ziqukethe izinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, ne-manganese, okuthi, ngezinqubo eziqondile zokwelashwa okushisa, zingathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo ze-bolt zokwelashwa. Insimbi yensimbi ephethwe ukushisa ephakamisa amandla e-Eye Ekhombisa amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala okuphakeme, okubenza bakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo esindayo nemijikelezo yokucindezelwa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Ngezicelo lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kuyinto eza kuqala, insimbi engagqwali yinto yokuzikhethela. Amabanga angenamikhawulo angama-304 no-316 asetshenziswa kabanzi. Insimbi engenacala inikeza ukuvikela okuhle kokugqwala okunenjongo, okwenza kube lula ngaphakathi kwezicelo zasendlini nasezindaweni eziningi zokuphakamisa zangaphandle ngokuvezwa okulinganiselayo kwezemvelo. Insimbi engu-316 engenacala, ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum, kunikeza ukumelana okuthuthukile kwamakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanzi anosawoti kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza kube ngcono izimboni zasolwandle, zamakhemikhali, kanye nasezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho ama-bolts angavulelwa khona.
Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, i-carbon yensimbi ephezulu nayo ingasetshenziswa, imvamisa emabangeni afana ne-8.8, 10.9, no-12,9. Yize i-carbon yensimbi inokumelana okuphansi kokugqwala ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi engenacala, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zemisebenzi ethile yokuphakamisa lapho kuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa okufanele khona.
Umugqa womkhiqizo wokuphakamisa ama-bolts amehlo afaka amamodeli ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe ngosayizi, umthamo wokulayisha, uhlobo lwedizayini, kanye nebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo:
Ukuphakamisa okujwayelekile kokuphakamisa iso: Lezi zinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi. Usayizi weMetric uvame ukusuka ku-M8 kuye ku-M48, kanti amasayizi we-Imperial ahlangana kusuka ngo-5/16 "kuya ku-2". Ama-bolts ajwayelekile emehlo anomklamo oyisisekelo onesolo eliyindilinga ekugcineni okukodwa nangomshini wentambo kwelinye. Zilinganiswe ngamakhono ahlukile okulayisha, ngokuvamile zisuka kumakhilogremu ambalwa afinyelela kumathani ambalwa, kuya ngosayizi kanye nebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ama-bolts ajwayelekile emehlo alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zokuphakamisa ekwakheni, ezokukhiqiza, kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa lapho izidingo zomthwalo zisesikhundleni sazo esibekiwe.
Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo: Ezobunjiniyela Ukuphakanyiswa okusindayo kakhulu, ama-bolts aso anesisindo enziwa ngamadayimane amakhulu nama-shier shanks. Yakhelwe kusuka ku-alloy ye-alloy ephezulu noma ye-premium engenacala, ingaphatha imithwalo ephakeme kakhulu, imvamisa idlula amathani ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Lezi zimbotshana zibalulekile ezilungiselelweni zezimboni ezinjengezilungiselelo ezinjengemikhumbi, imishini esindayo yemishini, kanye nemiklamo yokwakha emikhulu lapho kuphakanyiswa khona izingxenye eziningi. Ama-bolts eso anesisindo avame ukucacisa ukwakheka kwamehlo okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukunamathiselwe okuphephile kokuphakamisa ama-slings namaketanga.
Isici esikhethekile sokuphakamisa iso:
Swivel ephakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo: Lezi zimbotshana zenzelwe ngomshini we-swivel esweni, zivumela imishini yokuphakamisa enamathiselwe ukuba ijikeleze ngokukhululeka. Lesi sici sibalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho umthwalo udinga ukuqinisekiswa ngezindlela eziningi, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokusonteka nokubopha ama-lifting slings. Ama-Swivel Eye Bolts asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-crane, ukugoqa, kanye nokufakwa kwemishini enkulu ejikelezayo.
Ukuphakama okuguqukayo okuguqukayo: Amabhulukwe wamehlo aguqukayo anendlela evumela ubude beso noma isikhundla sephuzu lokunamathisela ukuze lilungiswe. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka kwezimo ezahlukahlukene ukuphakamisa, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuphakama noma isikhundla sokunamathiselwe kudinga ukuguqulwa ukuze kuhlaliswe i-geometries ehlukahlukene yomthwalo. Zilusizo ekwakheni, ukugcinwa, kanye nokulungisa umsebenzi lapho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile.
I-Insurated ephakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo: Ezindaweni ezisebenza ngogesi noma zamandla aphezulu, kufakwa amabhulokhi wamehlo. Lezi zimbotshana zihlanganiswe noma zakhiwa ngezinto zokufaka ezifaka izicelo ukuvikela ukuhunyushwa kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphakanyiswa kokuphakamisa kanye nabasebenzi abathintekayo. Ama-bolts angena afakiwe abalulekile ekuphakamiseni imishini kagesi, esebenza eduze kwezintambo zikagesi, noma kunoma yisiphi isimo lapho izingozi zikagesi zikhona.
Ukukhiqizwa kokuphakamisa ama-BOLTS Eye kufaka izinyathelo eziqondile eziningi nezindlela eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo kanye nokwethenjwa:
Ukulungiselela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphakeme, njengemigoqo yensimbi noma izinduku, zitholwa ngokucophelela. Izinto zokwakha zihlolwe kahle ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga omhlaba kanye nezimboni. Izinto zensimbi zisuswa zibe ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezincazelo ze-bolt usayizi.
Akha imali: Ama-wetal iso bolts asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngezinqubo ezishisayo noma ezibandayo. Ukushisa okushisayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-bolts amakhulu futhi aphezulu. Kule nqubo, insimbi ishukunyiswa esimweni esidalulayo bese ibalwa kusetshenziswa ifa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokwenza iso kanye ne-shank. Isihloko esibandayo sisetshenziswa kuma-bolts asayizi amancane, lapho insimbi ihlanganiswa khona ibe yifomu oyifunayo ngaphandle kokushisa, okusebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ivolumu ephezulu futhi kungagcina ukunemba kobukhulu obukhulu.
Umcutho: Ngemuva kokwenza, ama-bolts aqhubeka nokusebenza. I-Thread Rolling iyindlela ekhethwayo njengoba idala intambo enamandla ngokusebenza okubandayo kwensimbi, ngcono ukumelana nokukhathala kwe-bolt. Ukufa okukhethekile okuvinjelwe ukufezekiswa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwentambo yentambo, iphrofayli yentambo, kanye nokuhambisana namantongomane ahambelana noma izimbobo ezinothile. Nge-BOLTS enezidingo ezithile zentambo, kungenzeka ukucaciswa kwemishini ngokunemba.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa (nge-Alloy Steel Bolts): I-alloy yensimbi ephakamisa iso iso ingahle ibhekane nezinqubo zokwelashwa okushisa kufaka phakathi ukuncibilikisa, ukucimana nokugunda. I-anneling ikhulula izingcindezi zangaphakathi ensimbi, ukucimana kwandisa ubulukhuni bayo, futhi ukufutheka kwabuyisela okunye okukhohlisayo ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa kanzima. Lezi zinqubo zokwenza ngcono izakhiwo zemishini zezimbali, zibenza bakwazi ukufeza amandla aphezulu nezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu zokuphakamisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu: Ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala, ukubukeka, kanye nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo, ama-bare eye ama-bolts angahle abhekane nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa komhlaba. I-Zinc Plating iyindlela evamile yokwelashwa okubeka ungqimba lwe-zinc endaweni ephakeme, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo. I-hot-cpup galvaning inikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-zinc emanzi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside, ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle nezemvelo ezinokhahlo. Amabhotho ensimbi engenasici angahle aphelelwe ukwelashwa kokuphambuka ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwabo kwemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, izigqoko ezikhethekile ezifana neTeflon noma izimbotshana ze-anti-abrasion zingasetshenziswa ukuze zinciphise ukungqubuzana noma ukuvikela ekugqokeni ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa ukusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Njalo bamba ekuphakamiseni ama-bolts ahlolisisayo ngokuqinile. Amasheke okubumbana enza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi be-bolt, ubude, obucacisiwe, nosayizi wamehlo uhlangabezana namazinga. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngomshini, njengamandla asheshayo, ukuthwala umthwalo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhathala, kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umthamo othwala umthwalo nokuqina kwama-bolts. Ukuze zivikeleke izicelo ezibucayi, izindlela zokuhlola ezingewonakalisayo ezinjengokuhlola ama-magnetic papplect noma ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kungasetshenziselwa ukuthola iziphambeko zangaphakathi. Ama-bolts kuphela adlula konke ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi evunyelwe ukufakwa nokusatshalaliswa.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kokuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo futhi kunwebe impilo yabo yenkonzo:
I-zinc plating: Ukuthwebula i-zinc kufaka phakathi ukucwilisa ama-bolts kusisombululo esicebile se-zinc ngenqubo ye-electroplating. Lokhu kubeka ungqimba oluncane lwe-zinc phezu kwe-bolt ebusweni, okusebenza njengesithiyo somhlatshelo. I-Zinc urler Corlodes ekhethayo, ivikela insimbi eyisisekelo ekugqwala nasekugqwalweni. I-Zinc Platiation ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kokugqwala futhi ilungele izinhlelo zangaphandle ezingaphakathi nezingaphansi.
Hot-cxuse galvaning: Enqubweni eshisayo ye-galvaning, ama-bolts aqala ukuncipha futhi acwenge ukuze asuse okungonakalisweni komhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, zinwele ukuqinisekisa ukumazi kahle yi-zilten zinc. Emva kwalokho, ama-bolts acwiliswa e-zinc abhalwe endaweni yokushisa ezungeze ama-450 - 460 ° C. I-zinc iphendula ngensimbi ngensimbi ukwakha uchungechunge lweZinc-Iron Alloy, kulandelwa ungqimba oluhlanzekile lwe-zinc outter ungqimba. I-coating ephumayo ye-galvanized iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, inikezela ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, okwenza ama-bolts alungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
Ukuphumelela kwensimbi engenasici: Ngezinsimbi zensimbi ezingagqwali, ukwelashwa kokuphambuka kuvame ukwenziwa. Lokhu kufaka ukwelapha indawo ye-bolt ngekhambi le-acid ukususa noma yiziphi izinto ezingcolisayo, izinhlayiya zensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa isendlalelo semvelo se-oxide semvelo ngensimbi engenasici. Ukuqhakambisa kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-chloride ion noma ezinye izinto ezilimazayo zingaba khona.
Izigqoko ezikhethekile: Enye ukuphakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo ingathola izimbambo ezikhethekile. I-Teflon Coatings ingafakwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokunamathiselwe kanye nokuphakanyiswa kokuphakamisa ama-slings, okwenza ukuhlinzwa kube wubushelelezi futhi kunciphise ukugqoka ku-bolt kanye nezimbathi. Izambatho ze-anti-abrasion zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela indawo ye-bolt kusuka ekuqhekekeni nasekumomeni okubangelwa ukuxhumana okuphindaphindiwe nemishini yokuphakamisa, ikakhulukazi ezicelo ezigqokwa kakhulu.
Ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuyo yonke imboni eminingi kanye nezicelo lapho kuphakamisa khona futhi ukuqinisa imisebenzi kuyadingeka:
Imboni Yokwakha: Ekwakhiweni, ekuphakamiseni ama-bolts amehlo asetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokufaka izingxenye zokwakha ezinjengamaphaneli kakhonkolo we-precast, imishayo yensimbi, kanye nemishini emikhulu yemishini. Babalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inhlangano ephephile futhi esebenza kahle yezakhiwo, noma ngabe yisakhiwo sokuhlala, i-Skyscraper Yezentengiso, noma indawo yezimboni.
Umkhakha WokukhiqizaEzokukhiqiza izitshalo, ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo aqashwa ukuphakamisa imishini esindayo, izingxenye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi aqede imikhiqizo yokuhamba. Zisetshenziswa emigqeni yomhlangano, izitolo zomshini, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zokuhambisa nokubeka izinto ezinkulu nezisindayo ngokunembile, lula inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kwezinto.
Imboni yasolwandle neyasolwandle: Emikhakheni yasolwandle nasemigqeni yasolwandle, ephakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, ukulungiswa komkhumbi, kanye nokwakhiwa kweplatforriple yesikhulumi. Zisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izigaba zemikhumbi emikhunjini, imishini yasemanzini, kanye nokusebenza okugobisayo ngemikhumbi nasezakhiweni zakwabo. Izidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokuphikiswa kwezindawo zokugqwala kulezi zindawo zivame ukuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi engagqwali noma ukugcoba okushisayo kokuphakamisa amabhlogo.
Imboni yezokuhambaEmbonini yezokuThutha, ukuphakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo kusetshenziselwa ukulayisha nokulayisha umthwalo osindayo emalolini, izitimela, nemikhumbi. Ziphinde zisetshenziswe ekugcinweni nasekulungisweni kwezimoto kanye nengqalasizinda yokuhamba, njengokuphakamisa izinjini, ukuthunyelwa kanye nezingxenye zebhuloho ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Isizukulwane Sezimali Nemboni Yesisebenzi: Emisebenzini yamandla, izikhungo zamandla ezishisayo nezivuselelekayo, eziphakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo zisetshenziselwa ukufaka nokugcina imishini yokukhiqiza amandla, njengama-turner, ama-generator, kanye nabaguquli. Banobunzima futhi emsebenzini wokusebenzisa imali yokuphakamisa izigxobo zikagesi, abaguquli, kanye neminye imishini ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokulungisa imisebenzi.
Umthamo ophezulu wokulayisha umthwalo: Ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo aklanyelwe futhi akhiqizwa ukumelana nemithwalo ebalulekile. Ngokuya ngebanga nosayizi obonakalayo, bangakwazi ukubhekana nemithwalo esukela kumakhilogremu ambalwa kuye inqwaba yamathani. Lesi sikhundla esiphezulu sokulayisha siqinisekisa ukuphakanyiswa okuphephile kwezinto ezisindayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni nezokwakha.
Ukuphepha okuthembekile: Ngenxa yezinqubo eziqinile zokukhiqiza kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi, ukuphakamisa izimbotshana zamehlo zinikeza ukuphepha okuthembekile ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa ukusebenza. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwamandla, ukuqina, kanye nobuqotho kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bolts angathenjwa ukwenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifunwayo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi kanye nomonakalo wezingozi.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo njengensimbi engenasici kanye nokwelashwa okungaphezulu okuthuthukile okufana nokushisa okushisayo kwe-galvanizing, ukuphakamisa izigaxa zamehlo kungamelana ne-corrision ngempumelelo. Lokhu kubenza balungele ukusetshenziswa endaweni yangaphandle, yasolwandle, nasezindaweni ezizungezile zezimboni, ukunweba impilo yabo yenkonzo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Ububanzi: Kutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zosayizi, amakhono okulayisha, kanye nemiklamo, ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo kungashintshwa kalula nezidingo ezihlukile zokuphakamisa. Noma ngabe ngumsebenzi olula wokuphakamisa noma umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokugibela, kukhona imodeli ye-bolt ye-living eye efanelekile yokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukufakwa kalula nokusebenzisa: Ukuphakamisa ama-bolts wamehlo kulula ukukufaka, ngoba kungafakwa imicu ibe izimbobo ezihlanjululwe ngaphambili noma ezisetshenziswe ngamantongomane afanele. Idizayini yabo elula ivumela ukunamathiselwa okusheshayo kokuphakamisa ama-slings, amaketanga, noma eminye imishini yokugibela, lula ukusebenza okusebenzayo kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokusetha nokufakwa.