Lezi zimbotshana ezihlelekile zisebenzisa insimbi engenacala njengezinto zesisekelo, ezizifaka ngokumelana kahle nokuqina.
p>Lezi zimbotshana ezihlelekile zisebenzisa insimbi engenacala njengezinto zesisekelo, ezizifaka ngokumelana kahle nokuqina. Amabanga angenamikhawulo ajwayelekile aqashwe afaka ama-304 no-316. I-Grade 304 Insimbi engenasici inikeza okujwayelekile okujwayelekile - Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala okunenhloso, okwenza kulungele izicelo zangaphakathi neziningi zangaphandle ngokuvezwa kwezemvelo. I-grade 316 insimbi engagqwali, equkethe ingxenye ephakeme ye-molybdenum, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthuthukile kwamakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanzi anosawoti kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza kube ngukukhetha okuthandwa yimisebenzi yasolwandle, yamakhemikhali, nasesogwini.
I- "HDG" egameni lomkhiqizo ibhekisa ku-Hot - Dip Galvanizing (HDG), ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okuvikelayo. Ngemuva kwama-stainless - ama-bolts ensimbi ayakhiwa, abhapathizwa e-zinc bath ebilisiwe ezungeze ama-450 - 460 ° C. I-zinc iphendula ngobuso bensimbi engenasici ukwakha uchungechunge lwe-zinc - I-Iron Alloy izingqimba, ezilandelwa yi-zinc ander ende yangaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuminyene nokuqina kwe-galvanised kwenza ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala kwama-bolts, ukuhlinzeka ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikelwa ezintweni futhi unwebe impilo yabo enomdlandla ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinokhahlo.
Umugqa womkhiqizo we-ASTM A325 / A325M HDG Ongagculi - Insimbi egcwele / Ingxenye
Amamodeli ama-metric ne-Imperial ajwayelekile: Ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM A325 (Imperial) kanye namazinga we-ASTM A325M (Metric) (Metric) amazinga, lezi zimbotshana zitholakala ngosayizi ohlukahlukene. Ngohlelo lwe-Imperial, amadayimitha ngokuvamile aqala kusuka ku-1/2 "kuya ku-1 - 1/2", ngenkathi ohlelweni lwe-metric, aqhamuka ku-M16 kuya ku-M36. Ubude be-bolts bungahluka kusuka ku-2 "(noma 50mm) kuya ku-12" (noma 300mm) noma ngaphezulu, kuya ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Amamodeli ajwayelekile afaka ngokugcwele - intambo noma ingxenye - Imiklamo yentambo. Okugcwele - Ama-Bolts Find anentambo kulo lonke ubude be-shank, abahlinzeka ngokusebenza okusheshayo okusheshayo, ngenkathi uhhafu - ama-bolts anemicu engxenyeni ye-shank, ezuzisa ingxenye ye-annow.
Okuphezulu - Ukulayisha - Amamodeli Amandla: Izobunjiniyela ezisindayo - izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlelekile, eziphakeme - umthwalo - ama-bolts akhiqizwa ngamadayimane amakhulu namakhanda amakhulu we-hex ukuphatha amabutho amancane ashubile. Lezi zimbotshana zivame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni okubucayi kokuhlelekile kwamabhulokhi amakhulu - amabhuloho, kanye nezindawo zezimboni. Banamathela ngokuqinile kwizidingo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwamazinga we-ASTM A325 / A325m, aqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo kanye nezimo ezinzima.
Okukhethekile - Amamodeli wesicelo: Ngezimo zokwakha ezihlukile, ezikhethekile - Izinhlobo zezicelo ziyatholakala. Lokhu kungafaka ama-bolts anezindlela ezithile zentambo, ubude benkambiso, noma ukwakheka kwekhanda okuguquliwe. Isibonelo, emiklamweni ethile eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo, ama-bolts ane-nonved non - ama-shanks ahlanganisiwe noma amaphrofayli akhethekile adingekayo ukuze ahlangane nomhlangano oqondile nokulayisha - izidingo zokuthwala. Lezi zinto ezikhethekile - amamodeli wesicelo asahambisana namazinga we-Core ASTM A325 / A325M ngenkathi enikeza izisombululo ezenzelwe amaphrojekthi athile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ASTM A325 / A325M HDG Okungenacala - Insimbi egcwele / Ingxenye
Ukulungiselela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: Okuphezulu - Ikhwalithi ye-Stainless - Izinto zokwakha zensimbi, njengemigoqo yensimbi noma izinduku, zitholwa ngokucophelela. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezinto zokwakha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlangabezana nezidingo ze-ASTM A325 / A325M amazinga namabanga athile acacisiwe - amamaki ensimbi acacisiwe. Izinto ezingenasici - zibe sezinqunywa zibe ubude obufanele ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zosayizi we-bolts.
Akha imali: I-Metal Bolts ngokuvamile yakhiwa ngokubanda - isihloko noma esishisayo - izinqubo ezazisayo. Ukubanda - Isihloko sivame ukusetshenziswa ama-bolts amancane - asayizi. Kule nqubo, i-stainless - insimbi ibunjwe yikhanda elisindayo elisindayo le-hex kanye ne-bolt shank usebenzisa izigaba eziningi. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ivolumu futhi ingadala amafomu anembile we-Thread kanye nobunjwa be-bolt ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhambisana nokubekezelelana kwezilinganiso ze-ASTM '. I-Hot - Ukuthethelela kusetshenziswa kumandla amakhulu noma aphezulu - ama-bolts aphezulu, lapho insimbi engenasici ishukunyiswa esimweni esifudumele bese ibalwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokuthola amandla adingekayo ngokunemba okudingekayo ngakunye ngamazinga e-ASTM.
Umcutho: Ngemuva kokwenza, ama-bolts aqhubeka nokusebenza. Okwe-Full - Amabhulokhi wentambo, imicu idalwe ngalo lonke ubude be-shank, kuyilapho kube yisigamu - imicu yentambo, imicu yakhiwa kuphela engxenyeni ebekiwe. I-Thread Rolling yindlela ekhethwayo njengoba idala intambo enamandla ngokhakha - isebenza ngensimbi, ithuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala kwama-bolts. Ukufa okukhethekile okuvinjelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-pitch pitch, iphrofayili, nobukhulu ngqo maqondana nezidingo ze-ASTM A325 / A325M, ukuhambisana namantongomane ahambisanayo nezimbobo ezihlanganisiwe.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa (uma kudingeka): Kwezinye izimo, ngokuya ngebanga elithile elingenamicile - izidingo zensimbi, ama-bolts angahle ashise - izinqubo zokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okushisa kungandisa izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi engenasici, njengokuthuthukisa amandla aso, ubulukhuni, nokuqina, ukubhekana nezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile zezicelo zesakhiwo ezichazwe kumazinga we-ASTM.
Kuyashisa - cwilisa i-galvaning: Ama-bolts asunguliwe ahlanzwa ngokuphelele ukuze asuse noma yikuphi ukungcola, uwoyela, noma isikali. Ngemuva kwalokho, zinwele ukuqinisekisa ukumazi kahle yi-zilten zinc. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-bolts acwiliswe e-zinc bath ebilisiwe ku-450 - 460 ° C isikhathi esithile. Ngale nqubo, i-zinc ihlukanisa ingaphezulu kwensimbi engenasici, yakha uchungechunge lwe-zinc - I-Iron Alloy izingqimba kanye nongqimba olungaphandle oluminyene lwe-zinc emsulwa. Lapho usususwe kubhavu, ama-bolts avunyelwe ukupholisa, futhi noma iyiphi i-zinc eyeqile isuswa. Le nqubo eshisayo ye-DIP ye-CIP ihlinzeka ngokuqinile futhi inde - ukuhlanganiswa okuhlala njalo okuvikelayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Wonke ama-batch ama-bolts angaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile ngokuya ngamazinga we-ASTM A325 / A325M. Amasheke okubumbana enza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi be-bolt, ubude, ubude obucacisiwe, usayizi wekhanda, nobukhulu bahlangabezana nezidingo eziqondile ezijwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngomshini, kufaka phakathi amandla ashubile, ukuthwala umthwalo, kanye nokuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bolts angamelana nemithwalo ebekiwe futhi ahlangabezane namandla nezinqubo zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kwenziwa ukubheka iziphambeko ezingaphezulu, okushisayo okulungile - chliza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-galvaning, nanoma yikuphi ukungalandeli okukhona kwezidingo zokubukeka kwe-standard. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqwala - kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo zokumelana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-HDG coating. Ama-bolts kuphela adlula konke ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi evunyelwe ukufakwa nokusatshalaliswa.
I-Hot - CIS CIP Galvanizing (HDG) Ukwelashwa komhlaba kuyisici esibalulekile esithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlaka ezihlelekile:
Pre - Ukwelashwa: Ngaphambi kokushisa - cwilisa i-galvaning, ama-bolts athola phambili inqubo yokwelashwa. Lokhu kuqala ngokuhlanza, lapho ama-bolts ahlanzwa khona usebenzisa i-solves noma izixazululo ze-alkali ukususa noma yimuphi uwoyela, amafutha, noma ama-organic angcolisiwe ebusweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhahlela kwenziwa ngokugxilisa ama-bolts kwikhambi le-acid (imvamisa i-hydrochlecloric noma i-sulfuric acid) ukususa ukugqwala, isilinganiso, nezinye izimali ze-inOrganic. Ngemuva kokukhanyisa, ama-bolts acwengekile ukuze asuse noma iyiphi i-acid eyalelayo. Ekugcineni, kwenziwa inqubo embi kakhulu, lapho ama-bolts acwilisa khona esikhaleni se-flux. I-Flux isiza ukususa noma yimaphi ama-oxide asele, ithuthukisa ukumanzisa indawo ye-bolt yi-zinten zinc, futhi ivimbele kabusha i-oxidation ngesikhathi senqubo ye-galvaning.
Inqubo eshisayo - Dip Galvaning inqubo: I-Pre - Ama-Bolts aphathwe ngaphambilini abese egxila ku-zinc bath at hare 450 - 460 ° C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-zinc bageza libangela ukusabela kwe-metallurgical phakathi kwe-zinc kanye nensimbi engaphezulu. Ekuqaleni, ama-athomu ama-zinc aphazamisa i-substrate yensimbi engenasici, akha uchungechunge lwe-zinc - I-iron alloy izingqimba ezihlukene. Lezi zingqimba ze-alloy zinikeza ukunamathela okuhle phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-zinc kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo. Kamuva, ungqimba olungaphandle oluyimihla olumsulwa lwe-zinc emsulwa lufakwa ngaphezulu kwezendlalelo ze-alloy. Ubukhulu bemidwebo egcizelelekile bungahlukahluka kusuka kuma-80 - 120 ama-microns, kuya ngosayizi nohlobo lwama-bolts, kanye nezidingo ezithile zamazinga we-ASTM kanye nesicelo.
Post - ukwelashwa: Ngemuva kokushisa - cwilisa i-galvaning, ama-bolts angahle athunyelwe - izinqubo zokwelashwa. Okuthunyelwe okukodwa okuvamile - Ukwelashwa kuwukuphambuka, lapho ama-bolts aphathwa khona ngesisombululo samakhemikhali (anjenge-chromate - esekwe (angewona - i-chromate - izixazululo ezisekelwe) ukwakha isendlalelo se-zinc coating. Lokhu kuphambuka kwelashwa kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwayiza kwe-coating coatizer, kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwayo, futhi kuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekulweni nokugqwala okumhlophe. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-bolts angahlolwa kunoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle komhlaba, futhi kwezinye izimo, angahle abeke ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezifana nokuxubha noma ukudubula - ukuqhuma phansi.
I-ASTM A325 / A325M HDG I-Stainless - Insimbi egcwele / Ingxenye
Ukwakha Ukwakha: Emikhawulweni emikhulu yokwakha amanani - lezi zinhlaka zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishayo yensimbi, amakholomu, kanye ne-trusses, kwakha uhlaka lwezakhiwo zezakhiwo. Amandla abo aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, kuthuthukiswa ukwelashwa kwe-HDG, kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwe-HDG isikhathi eside, noma ubuqotho besakhiwo sokwakha, noma ngabe i-skyscraper yezokwakha, noma ngabe i-skyscraper yezentengiselwano, noma indawo ephakeme yokuhlala. I-Full / Half - I-Thread Design ivumela ukuqina okuguquguqukayo nokuvikelekile ekuxhumekeni okuhlukile kwesakhiwo, ukubhekana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha nokwakha.
Ukwakhiwa Kwebhuloho: Amabhuloho avezwa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zezemvelo ezinokhahlo, okubandakanya umswakama, ithrafikhi - ukudlidliza okubangelwayo, kanye nezinto ezilimazayo. Lezi zi-bolts ezihlelekile zibalulekile ekuxhumaniseni izinto zebhuloho, ezinjengezimbobo, ama-piers, nokuhlobisa. I-ASTM - Design ethobela kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwe-HDG inika amandla ama-bolts akwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo, ukunyakaza, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuqinisekiswa kokuphepha nokuqina kwengqalasizinda yebhuloho ngaphezulu kwempilo yayo yenkonzo.
Izikhungo zezimboni: Ezitshalweni zezimboni, zokucolisiswa, kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza, lezi zinhlaka zisetshenziselwa ukuhlangana nemishini esindayo, ozimele bezinsiza, nezinsizakalo zesakhiwo. I-High - umthwalo - amamodeli omthamo angamelana nemithwalo esindayo yokusebenza nokudlidliza okwenziwe ngemishini yezimboni. Ukugqwala - Izakhiwo ezingamelana nensimbi engenacala, ezihlanganiswe ne-HDG coating, zivikele ama-bolts kusuka ekungcolisweni kwezimboni, amakhemikhali, kanye noMswaniso, ukunciphisa izidingo zokulungiswa kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka kwesakhiwo ezilungiselelweni zezimboni.
Izakhiwo zasolwandle nezasolwandle: Kumapulatifomu aphesheya kwezilwandle, imikhumbi, kanye nokufakwa kwasolwandle, lapho kuvela khona izindawo zikasawoti kanye nezindawo zasolwandle ezinokhahlo, lezi zinhlaka zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kokugqwala kwensimbi engama-316 engenasici, kanye nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe okunikezwe yi-HDG Coating, kubenza bakwazi ukukwazi ukubekezelela imiphumela yokulima emanzini olwandle, umswakama, kanye nomoya wasolwandle. Zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zasolwandle, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwezinto ezisogwini nasolwandle.
Amaphrojekthi Wengqalasizinda: Kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda afana nezitshalo zamandla, kanye nezindawo zokudlulisela, kanye nezindawo zokulashwa kwamanzi, lezi zinhlaka ezihlelekile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina nokusebenza kwezinhlaka. Ukuhambisana kwabo namazinga we-ASTM A325 / A325m kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza okungaguquki, ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwe-HDG kuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa isikhathi eside ezintweni zezemvelo, okufaka isandla ekuweni kokuqina kanye nempilo yenkonzo yengqalasizinda.
Amandla aphezulu nomthwalo - umthamo wokuthela: Ukuhambisana namazinga we-ASTM A325 / A325M, lezi zimbotshana zinikeza amandla aphezulu nomthwalo omuhle kakhulu - umthamo wokuthwala. Zenzelwe ukumelana nezinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile, zokugunda, kanye nokukhathala imithwalo, kubenza balungele ukuxhumana okubucayi kokuhleleka ezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene zokwakha nezimboni. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile, okuhlanganiswe nokukhethwa okufanele kwebanga lensimbi - ukwelashwa kwensimbi (uma kusebenza), kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo kanye nezimo ezinzima.
Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakeme: Inhlanganisela yezinto ezingenasisekelo - izisekelo zensimbi nokushisa - ukucwilisa i-chlising kunikeza ukumelana nokuqina okuphezulu. Insimbi engagqwali isivele inikezela ukuvikelwa kokugqwala okungokoqobo, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HDG kwengeza ungqimba olungeziwe lokuzivikela ezintweni. Lokhu kwenza ama-bologs alungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezisogwini, izicelo zasolwandle, nezilungiselelo zezimboni ezinomswakama ophezulu noma ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali, ukunwebeka kakhulu izindleko zenkonzo.
Idizayini eyenziwe kahle nethembekile: Ukunamathela kumazinga we-ASTM A325 / A325m, lezi zimbozo zinikeza ukwakheka okujwayelekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kanye nokushintshana kwamaphrojekthi ahlukene kanye nezifunda. Ikhwalithi eqinile - izindlela zokulawula ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, njengoba kudingwa amazinga, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi eguqukayo nokusebenza. Lokhu okulinganise kwenza lula izinqubo zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukufakwa, kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa, kunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha, futhi kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo konjiniyela, osonkontileka kanye nabanikazi bephrojekthi.
Design nge-Suratile Threat Design: Ukutholakala kokubili okugcwele - intambo kanye nengxenye - Izinketho zentambo zinikeza ukuguquguquka ngezicelo ezihlukile. Okugcwele - Ama-bolts we-Thread alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona amandla okuqhuma komfaniswano kulo lonke ubude be-bolt, ngenkathi uhhafu - ama-bolts angasetshenziswa ukwenza kahle ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, noma ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokuqamba. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokuhlanganisa izidingo ezihlukile zezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha nezimboni.
Eside - ukuvikela okuhlala njalo: Inqubo eshisayo ye-DIP ye-DIP idala ukuhlanganiswa kwe-zinc okuminyene futhi okuqinile okunamathela kahle ku-stainless - insimbi yensimbi. Le nhlanganisela ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside ekugqwaneni, i-abrasion, nezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka kwemvelo. Okuthunyelwe - Izinqubo zokwelashwa, njengokuqhubekela phambili, zithuthukisa ukuqina kokuhlanganiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bolts agcina ukusebenza kwawo futhi abukeka ngesikhathi esengeziwe, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukuphepha okuthuthukile: Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwesakhiwo, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwalezi zigaxa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho, nezinye izingqalasizinda. Amandla abo aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuhambisana namazinga aqinile we-ASTM kufaka isandla ebuqothweni besakhiwo sonke, kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwesakhiwo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu nempahla.