Iziqwengana zokuphela kabini zidla ngokutyibilika kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo eziphezulu ezisemgangathweni, ezikhethiweyo ezisekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo zamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki koxinzelelo. I-Carbon Steel yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa zisetyenziswayo, ngakumbi kumabanga anjenge-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9.
p>Iziqwengana zokuphela kabini zidla ngokutyibilika kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo eziphezulu ezisemgangathweni, ezikhethiweyo ezisekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo zamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki koxinzelelo. I-Carbon Steel yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa zisetyenziswayo, ngakumbi kumabanga anjenge-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9. I-carbon ye-carbon ye-Carbon ibonelela ngamandla asisiseko kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ngokubanzi apho iimfuno zomthwalo apho iimfuno zomthwalo ziphakathi. I-carbon ye-carbon ephezulu-yebanga eliphezulu, njengo-8.8 no-10 no-10,9, lunokuba sisisu-sinyangwa kakhulu amandla e-thebile, ubunzima babo, kunye nobunzima. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kwaye bafuna i-Crestys yoomatshini, ibenza balungele iiprojekthi zokusebenza kunye nokwakha apho kubalulekile. Ukukhusela i-carbon ye-carbon stails ukusuka kwi-corrosion, unyango lwe-subs efana nokubekwa kwe-zinc, i-bide emnyama ye-oxide, okanye i-dip eshushu kakhulu ihlala isetyenziswa.
Intsimbi engenasibala yenye into ephambili, ngakumbi amaBanga angama-304 ne-30 ukuya kwelama-30. 30. 304. 316 Intsimbi engenasibala, kunye nomxholo wayo ophakamileyo we-molybdenum, inika ukunganyangeki kweekhemikhali ezinzima, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo. Ngenxa yoko, lolona khetho lukhethileyo lwaselwandle, imichiza, kunye nokutya okusekwe kwishishini, kunye neeprojekthi zangaphandle kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo - iindawo zokufuma.
Kwezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo, intsimbi ye-alloy isetyenzisiwe. Intsimbi ye-alloy, enezinto ezinje ngeChromium, iMolybdenum, i-dadium, kunye ne-nickel, inokuba shushu- ingabanjwanga ukuba ifumane iipropathi zoomatshini. Ii-alloy zentsimbi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphakamileyo zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngeenjini zemoto, amacandelo ee-aerospace, kunye noomatshini abanzima, apho omabini amandla abalulekile khona.
Imveliso yemveliso yezifundo eziphindwe kabini ibandakanya iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ze-ntlobo, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, iBakala lezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nokuphela konyango:
Imilinganiselo yoMgangatho oPhezulu: Izifundo eziMiselweyo zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweMetriki kunye ne-Imperier. I-metric stayire isusela kwi-M6 ukuya kwi-M36, ngelixa ubungakanani be-Abrial Shart ukusuka kwi-1/4 "ukuya kwi-1 - 1/2". Ezi ziqwengana ze-studs zibonisa i-pitch yentambo rhoqo kwaye ilungele imisebenzi ngokubanzi ebonakalayo kwindibano yoomatshini, ufakelo lwezixhobo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwesakhiwo. Imilinganiselo yemigangatho emiselweyo ineengcongconi kwiziphelo zombini ubude obulinganayo, zibonelela ngesisombululo esisiseko nesinokuthenjwa.
Amandla aphezulu - amandla aphindwe kabini: Iinjineli zeZicelo eziShindisiweyo, ii-Studs eziPhakamileyo zenziwa ezivela kwiBanga eliPhakamileyo - I-Alound Steel okanye i-Stone Steel okanye ePight-Wigh-Amandla e-Carbon Steel ngamaBanga 12.9. Ezi ziqwengana zineedayamitha ezinkulu kunye nobude obude bokujongana nemikhosi ebalulekileyo kunye ye-Shear. Babalulekile kwizicwangciso zemizi mveliso zokufumana oomatshini abanzima, izinto ezinkulu - kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokuzibhabha. Izifundo eziphakamileyo-zamandla zinokuba neempawu ezikhethekileyo zentambo okanye unyango olungaphezulu lokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo.
Ekhethekileyo - uphawu olukhethekileyo lwesiphelo:
IlungileI-thret yentambo encinci ethe yathelekiswa nee-Studs eziMiselweyo, iimodeli ze-Stores - iimodeli ze-thy-zibonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kokulungiswa kokungachaneki kunye nokuchaswa okuphuculweyo kukukhulula. Ziqhelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukulungiswa-utyana, njengoomatshini bokuchaneka, izixhobo ze-offical, kunye neNdibano ye-elektroniki eSiphelo, apho kunyanzelekile khona okukhuselekileyo.
Ukungalingani - ubude bobude buphindwe kabini: Ezi ziqwenga zinemithango yobude obahlukileyo kwisiphelo ngasinye. Olu luyilo luluncedo kwizicelo apho isiphelo esinye kufuneka sifakwe nzulu kumngxunya ocociweyo wonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, ngelixa esinye isiphelo sisetyenziselwa ukufaka i-nati okanye i-josher. Ii-Studs ezingalinganiyo - ubude buhlala buhlala busebenza kwiimeko zendibano ezintsonkothileyo apho iingxaki zendawo okanye iimfuno ezithile zokwenza izinto ezikhoyo.
I-Anti-I-Sorrosion Subs Subs: In addition to being made from corrosion - resistant materials like stainless steel, these studs may undergo additional anti - corrosion treatments, such as Dacromet or Geomet coating. Zenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ezinobungozi, ezinje ngeendawo ezingaselunxwemeni, imimandla yezamashishini ngongcoliseko oluphezulu, okanye izicelo zangaphandle eziboniswe kumswakama kunye neekhemikhali, ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide.
Ukuveliswa kwezifundo eziphindwe kabini kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi achanekileyo kunye namanyathelo olawulo olungqongqo:
Ukulungiselela izinto: Izinto eziPhakamileyo eziPhakamileyo, ezinje ngemivalo yensimbi okanye iintonga, zifakwe ngononophelo. Izixhobo zihlolwe ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba wokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yemveliso. Izinto zentsimbi zinqunywe kwimide efanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zobungakanani be-Stud.
Ukungcungcutheka: Intambo inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso yeStudy. I-DIes eyodwa i-Discaring Dees okanye oomatshini bokuhamba basetyenziselwa ukwenza imisonto kwiziphelo zombini ze-Stud. Ukuqengqeleka kwentambo yindlela ekhethiweyo njengoko kudala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda-ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukunganyangi kwe-Studigic. Inkqubo yentambo ifuna ulawulo ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwentambo, iprofayili yentambo, kunye nokuhambelana okanye imingxunya ehambelana okanye imingxunya. Kwi-studs enemilinganiselo ethile yekratshi, enje ngentambo elungileyo okanye iifom zentambo ezikhethekileyo, umatshini ongezelelweyo ochanekileyo unokuthatha inxaxheba.
Unyango lobushushu (kwizixhobo eziphakamileyo): Ii-studs zenziwe ngezinto eziphakamileyo ezifana ne-alloy yentsimbi okanye iBanga le-carbon yeBanga eliphezulu linokwenza ubushushu-iinkqubo zokunyanga kubandakanya ukungqubana, ukucingela, kunye nokucinywa. Ezi nkqubo zingenza iempawu zoomatshini zezifundo, ukwandisa amandla, ubukhali, kunye nobunzima bokufezekisa iimfuno ezithile zesicelo.
Unyango lokuphela: Kuxhomekeke kwisicelo, iziphelo ze-Studs zinokwenza unyango olongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, iziphelo zinokufuduswa ukuba ziququzelele ukufakelwa ngokulula zibe ngamandongomane okanye imingxunya. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphelo zinokucekeceke okanye zitshintshwe ukuze zihlale iindlela ezithile ezikhutshelwayo okanye ukubonelela ngomphezulu ongcono kakhulu kwiikhesha okanye amantongomane.
Unyango lomphezulu: Ukomeleza ukunganyangeki, imbonakalo, kunye neepropathi ezisebenzayo, ii-Studs zentsimbi zinokubangela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. I-Zinc play ifaka i-famits encinci ye-zinc kwi-Stud Study, ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lokukhusela. I-HOT-DP ye-dip ye-gazi ibonelela ngomthamo we-zinc kwaye i-wincy ye-zinc ye-zinc, ilungele iZicelo zoKhekelwa ngaphandle kweSimekele. I-Oback Oxdide Coyide idanisa i-tem, emnyama, i-corrosion - i-corrosion-i-Contier engahambelaniyo nempendulo yemichiza, ikwanika i-studs inkangeleko entle. I-scail stues zensimbi inokuthi ichaphazele unyango lokuphucula ukunganyangeki kwendalo.
Uvavanyo olusemgangathweni: Yonke i-batch yezifundo eziphindwe kabini zihlolwe ngamandla. Iitsheki zomhlaba zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi be-Studis, ubude, iinkcazo zentambo, kwaye unyango lokuphela luhlangabezana nemigangatho. Iimvavanyo zoomatshini, ezinje ngabantu abanamandla, ubukhali, kunye novavanyo lweTorque, zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubungakanani bomthwalo kunye nokuqina kwe-studs. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo lukwaqhutywa ukukhangela iziphene zomphezulu, ii-rock, okanye iindlela zentambo ezingalunganga. Kuphela zii-studs kuphela ezidlulayo zonke iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni zivunyiwe ukupakishwa kunye nokusasazwa.
Unyango lomphezulu wezifundo eziphindwe kabini kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo:
I-Zinc Plateng: I-zinc plates luphawu oluqhelekileyo olusetyenzisiweyo lwe-carbon studs. Kubandakanya i-elektroplating suble ye-zinc kwi-stud bond. Lo mqobo uZinc usebenza njengesithintelo esinyulu, ukukhetha ngokukhethekileyo ukukhusela intsimbi engaphantsi kwentsimbi. I-zinc plates ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lokhuseleko kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo zangaphakathi nangaphantsi. Ikwanika i-studs inkangeleko eqaqambileyo, imbonakalo yentsimbi.
Ishushu-dip ye-dipvaning: Kwinkqubo eshushu-ye-DIP ye-dip ye-dip ye-DAP, i-studs iqala ukukhubeka kwaye ikhutshiwe ukuba isuse umphezulu. Emva koko, bavuthuza kwaye bantywiliselwa kwibhafu yebhafu e-chincted i-zinc kuma-450 ukuya kwi-460 ° C. I-zinc iphendula ngentsimbi kwintsimbi ukwenza uthotho lwe-zinc yentsimbi yentsimbi, ilandelwa ngumaleko wangaphandle we-zinc. Ukuqaqanjelwa kwe-cering eqinileyo kunye nexesha eliqinileyo le-GARANGAROS inika ukumelana nokunganyangeki okugqwesileyo, ukwenza izitulo zilungele indawo yexesha elide yokusebenzisa kunye neemeko ezinzima, ezinjengeendawo ezinobume bomzi-mveliso okanye kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni.
Imnyama Ososide: Ukuphatha kwe-oxide ye-oxide yinkqubo yekhemikhali etyekele, emnyama, i-corrosion-i-corrosion-i-corrosion-i-faminer enganyangekiyo kumphezulu we-carbon studs. Oku kukhathazeka akunikeli nje inqanaba lokukhuselwa kwe-corosion kodwa kunika i-studs inkangeleko yeyunifomu, edla ngokhethwa kwizicelo apho i-aesthetics kunye nokuchasa okukhoyolisayo kuyafuneka. I-bieter ye-oxide ye-oxtide ityebile kwaye inokufuna iindlela ze-topcoats ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobunzima.
I-Staivation yensimbi yentsimbi: Kwiziqwengana zentsimbi ezingenasitali, unyango lwedlelane lwenziwa. Oku kubandakanya ukuntywilisela isisombululo kwisisombululo se-acid ukususa umphezulu ongcolileyo, amasuntswana ensimbi, kunye nokuphucula i-oxide yendalo kwindalo yentsimbi. Ukudluliselwa kwedlule kuphucula ukumelana nokunganyangeki kwentsimbi engenasigaba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ze-chloride okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubakho kunokubakho, uqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide lwee-studs.
I-caayings ekhethekileyo: Kwezinye iimeko, ii-studs zinokufumana iingubo ezikhethekileyo. I-teflon coasngs inokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukuxabana ngexesha lokufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kokwenza kube lula ukuqinisa nokukhulula amantongomane kwizikhethi. I-Anti-Bamba i-Coaatsings Thintela i-Studs ukuba ingabamba i-oxidation okanye ukuvezwa kobushushu obuphezulu, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezinokufuneka zisuswe kwaye ziphinde zasuswa rhoqo. I-Anti-Ingubo yengubo ye-abrashion inokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela umphezulu we-Stud ukusuka ekrweni kunye nokunxiba, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Iziqwengana eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa:
Oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo: Ngokomveliso womatshini, iziqwenga zokuphela kabini zibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ziqhelekile ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iibhloko zenjini, iintloko zeCylinder, iibhokisi zegiya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima. Ukukwazi ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthenjwa okunokuthenjwa, nkqu phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye needrafti, kubenza babe nakho ukubabize kweli shishini.
Ukwakhiwa kunye nobunjineli bokwakha: Ngokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo lobunjineli, iziqwengana zokuphela kabini zisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelanisa izinto ezakhiweyo, ezinjengeebhulorho zentsimbi, iikholamu kunye neepleyiti. Baye baqeshwa ekufakweni kufakelo lwezixhobo zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi, ukubonelela ngoqhagamshelo olomeleleyo nolonakeleyo. Amandla aphezulu-amandla aphindwe kabini ahlala esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zezakhiwo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nengqibelelo yezakhiwo kunye neebhlorho.
I-Automotive kunye neZiko le-aerospace: Kumzi-mveliso we-Automotive, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziswa kwindibano yeinjini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kunye neenkqubo zokumiswa. Banokumelana neemvakalelo kunye nengcinezelo ehlangabezana ngexesha lokusebenza kwezithuthi. Kwicandelo le-aerospace icandelo, apho kufuneka imigangatho yomgangatho ophantsi kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziselwa ukukhokela izinto zenqwelomoya. Imveliso yabo yemveliso echanekileyo kunye nepropathi enamandla ephezulu ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya.
Ukufakelwa kombhobho kunye nevelveImveliso yemigangatho yemibhobho kunye nemizi-mveliso, iziqwenga eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukuqhagamshela kwiinkqubo zepayiphu. Banika itywina elikhuselekileyo phakathi kwamacandelo e-pipe kunye neevavu, baqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi. I-Anti-I-Sorrosion Subs Studs ihlala isetyenziswa kwimichiza yokuqhubengwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaselwandle ukuthintela ukuvuza nokugcina ukuthembeka kweziseko zophuhliso.
Izixhobo zombane kunye ne-elektroniki: Kumzi mveliso wombane kunye ne-elektroniki, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana indawo ebiyelwe ngombane, iiphaneli kunye nezinto. I-Soll-I-Store Subs Subs ilungele kakhulu kwindibano ye-elektroniki, njengoko zivumela ukonakala ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokwenzakalisa amacandelo.
Ukhuseleke kwaye unomdla wokuthenjwa: Isiphelo esiphindwe kabini sinika isisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesinokuthenjwa. Ngokusebenzisa amandongomane kuzo zombini iziphelo, banokusebenzisa ingcinezelo kwaye basasaze imithwalo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhulula i-vibrare okanye uxinzelelo lonxibelelwano. Oku kubangela ukuba balungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekuKhanyeni kwendlela yokusebenza nzima.
Uqwalaselo: Ifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwesayizi, izixhobo, iintlobo zentambo, kunye noyilo, iziqwenga eziphindwe kabini zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokulula kwiimfuno zesicelo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ngumsebenzi ochanekileyo kushishino lwe-elektroniki okanye umsebenzi onzima wokwakha, kukho imodeli yesikali efanelekileyo. Imodeli ekhethekileyo-i-modelis, ezinje ngentambo, ubude obungalingani, kunye ne-Anti-studs Studs, yandisa i-Corrosion Studs, yandisa indawo yabo yokusebenza kwiindawo ezithile.
Ukufakwa kokufakwa kunye nokususwa: Iziqwengana eziphindwe kabini zilula ukufaka kwaye zisuse. Nje ukuba isiphelo sifakwe kumngxunya otyhidiweyo, amandongomane anokuthathwa ngokulula okanye akhululwe kwelinye icala usebenzisa ukwenziwa komgangatho okanye iziseko. Oku kulula kufakelo kunye nokususwa kubenza balungele ukusebenzisa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nolondolozo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi.
Isebenza kakuhle emalini: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zobalo-mbini, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zinokuba sisisombululo esisebenzayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo eziphakamileyo-zomelele kwaye ziyadinwa ngokuqinileyo. Ukuveliswa kwabo okubekiweyo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo kuthatha igalelo kwizimali ezingahlawulelwayo, kwaye ubomi babo obude bubomi bunokunciphisa isidingo sokutshintsha rhoqo.
Umthwalo oPhakamileyo-Ukuthwala Umthamo: Kuxhomekeka kwizinto kunye nobungakanani, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zinokuba nomthwalo ophezulu. Izibalo eziphakamileyo-ezinamandla ezenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi okanye iBanga le-Cacebon yeBanga eliphezulu linokumelana nemikhosi ebalulekileyo kunye ne-Shear, ewabenza balungele izicelo ezinzima kwiiprojekthi zemizi mveliso nakwezokwakha.
Ukunganyangeki: Ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo njengentsimbi engenasimo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, iziphelo eziphindwe kabini zibonelela kakuhle ekuchanyoneni kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba balungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo engaphandle, kunye nezoqoqosho, ukwandisa iinkonzo zabo zenkonzo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondolozwa.