
Izixhobo zokugqibela eziphindwe kabini zidla ngokuyilwa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ekumgangatho ophezulu, ekhethiweyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo zokomelela, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. Intsimbi yeCarbon yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kumabanga afana ne-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9.
Ii-studs ezinesiphelo esiphindwe kabini zidla ngokuyilwa ukusuka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli yomgangatho ophezulu, ezikhethwe ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo zokomelela, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. Intsimbi yeCarbon yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kumabanga afana ne-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9. I-Lower - grade 4.8 carbon steel inika amandla asisiseko kwaye ifanelekile ngokubanzi - izicelo zenjongo apho iimfuno zomthwalo zimodareyitha. Iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinje nge-8.8 kunye ne-10.9, zinokuba bubushushu - zinyangwa ukuze ziphucule ngokubonakalayo amandla azo okuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini olufuna ngakumbi, nto leyo ibenza balungele iiprojekthi zemizi-mveliso kunye nezokwakha apho ukuqinisa ngamandla kubalulekile. Ukukhusela i-carbon steel studs ekudlekeni, unyango olungaphezulu olufana ne-zinc plating, i-black oxide coating, okanye i-hot-dip galvanizing ihlala isetyenziswa.
Insimbi engenasici yenye imathiriyeli ephambili, ngakumbi ibakala lama-304 kunye ne-316. I-304 insimbi engenasici ibonelela ngokubanzi-injongo yokuxhathisa i-corrosion, iyenza ifaneleke kwizicelo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ezininzi ezinokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo okuphakathi. I-316 insimbi engenasici, enomxholo ophezulu we-molybdenum, inika ukuchasana okuphezulu kwiikhemikhali ezirhabaxa, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo. Ngenxa yoko, lukhetho olukhethwayo lwemizi-mveliso yaselwandle, yeekhemikhali, kunye neyokulungisa ukutya, kunye neeprojekthi zangaphandle kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye kwiindawo zokufuma okuphezulu.
Kwezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo, i-alloy steel isetyenziswa. Intsimbi ye-alloy, equlethe izinto ezinje ngechromium, imolybdenum, ivanadium, kunye nenickel, inokuba bubushushu-inyangwa ukufezekisa iipropathi ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini. Izikhonkwane zentsimbi yealloyi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezinje ngeenjini zeemoto, izixhobo ze-aerospace, kunye noomatshini bomsebenzi onzima, apho zombini amandla kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kubalulekile.
Umgca wemveliso we-studs ephindwe kabini iquka iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezihlelwe ngokobukhulu, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, ibakala lezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nonyango lokugqibela:
ImiGangatho ephindwe kabini yokuphela kwezifundo: Izikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweemetriki kunye nobukhulu bobukhosi. Ubungakanani beMetric buhlala buvela kwi-M6 ukuya kwi-M36, ngelixa ubukhulu be-imperial bugubungela ukusuka kwi-1/4 "ukuya ku-1 - 1/2". Ezi studs zibonisa intambo eqhelekileyo kwaye ifanelekile kwimisebenzi yokuqinisa injongo ngokubanzi kwindibano yoomatshini, ukufakwa kwezixhobo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo. Izikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo zineentambo kuzo zombini iziphelo zobude obulinganayo, zibonelela ngesisombululo esisisiseko nesithembekileyo.
High - Amandla Double End Studs: Yenzelwe usetyenziso olunzima, izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngokufuthi intsimbi yealloyi okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni eyomelele kakhulu enamabakala afana ne-12.9. Ezi zikhonkwane zineedamitha ezinkulu kunye nobude obude bokuphatha amandla abalulekileyo kunye nokucheba. Ziyimfuneko kakhulu kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso ukuze kugcinwe oomatshini abanzima, amacandelo amakhulu olwakhiwo, kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokungcangcazela. Izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu zinokuba noyilo olukhethekileyo lwentambo okanye unyango olungaphezulu ukomeleza ukusebenza kwazo.
Ezizodwa - Feature Double End Studs:
Fine - Imisonto kabini End Studs: Ngomsonto omncinci wepitch xa kuthelekiswa nezikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo, iimodeli zemisonto ezilungileyo zibonelela ngokuchaneka kohlengahlengiso olwandisiweyo kunye nokuxhathisa okongeziweyo ukukhulula. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukulungiswa kakuhle, njengokuchaneka koomatshini, izixhobo zokukhanya, kunye ne-high-end-end assembly electronics, apho ukuqina okukhuselekileyo nokuchanekileyo kuyimfuneko.
Ukungalingani - Ubude beSiphelo seSifundo sokuPhinda kabini: Ezi studi zinemisonto yobude obahlukeneyo kwicala ngalinye. Olu luyilo luluncedo kwizicelo apho isiphelo esinye kufuneka sifakwe nzulu kumngxunya ocofelweyo ukuze kuqhagamshelwane olukhuselekileyo, ngelixa elinye icala lisetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela i-nati okanye iwasha. Ukungalingani - ii-studs zobude zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zendibano ezintsonkothileyo apho kukho imiqobo yendawo okanye iimfuno ezithile zokubopha.
Anti - Corrosion Double End Studs: Ukongeza ekwenzeni umhlwa - izinto ezixhathisayo njengentsimbi engatyiwa, ezi zikhuni zinokuthi zenzeke ngonyango olongezelelweyo lokuchasa ukubola, njengeDacromet okanye iGeomet coating. Ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo ezingqongileyo ezirhabaxa, njengeendawo eziselunxwemeni, imimandla yemizi-mveliso enongcoliseko oluphezulu, okanye iinkqubo zangaphandle ezivezwe kukufuma kunye neekhemikhali, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide.
Ukuveliswa kwee-studs eziphela kabini kubandakanya amanyathelo achanekileyo amaninzi kunye nomgangatho ongqongqo - amanyathelo okulawula:
Ukulungiselela Izinto Eziluncedo: Izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ezifana neentsimbi zentsimbi okanye iintonga, zifunwa ngononophelo. Izixhobo zihlolwe ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokuvelisa. Izinto zentsimbi zisikwa zibe ngobude obufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zesayizi ye-stud.
Umsonto: Ukutsala umsonto linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye stud. I-specialized threading dies okanye ii-rolling machines zisetyenziselwa ukudala imisonto kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-stud. Ukuqengqeleka komsonto yindlela ekhethwayo njengoko idala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kokudinwa kwe-stud. Inkqubo yokuthunga ifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwepitch yomsonto, iprofayili yomsonto, kunye nokuhambelana namantongomane ahambelanayo okanye imingxunya ecofayo. Kwizikhonkwane ezineemfuno ezithile zentambo, ezifana ne-fine - thread okanye iifom ze-specialized thread, ukuchaneka okungaphezulu kunokubandakanyeka.
UNyango loBubushushu (kwimathiriyeli yamandla aphezulu): Izikhonkwane ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli eyomelele kakhulu njengentsimbi yealloyi okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni yodidi oluphezulu zinokungena kubushushu - iinkqubo zonyango ezibandakanya ukufunxa, ukucinywa, kunye nokufutha. Ezi nkqubo ziphucula iimpawu zomatshini we-studs, ukwandisa amandla abo, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo.
Phelisa Unyango: Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, iziphelo ze-studs zingafumana unyango olongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, iziphelo zinokuthi zifakwe ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukufakwa kwiintongomane okanye kwimingxuma ecoliweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, iziphelo zinokuthi zenziwe mcaba okanye ziguqulwe ukuze zihambelane neendlela ezithile zokuzibopha okanye ukubonelela ngeendawo ezingcono zokuthwala iiwasha okanye iindongomane.
Unyango loMphezulu: Ukomeleza ukuxhathisa umhlwa, inkangeleko, kunye neempawu ezisebenzayo, izikhonkwane zentsimbi zinokuthi zingene kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. I-zinc plating ibeka umaleko obhityileyo we-zinc kumphezulu we-stud, ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lokutya. I-Hot-dip galvanizing inika i-zinc coating engqindilili kunye neyomelele ngakumbi, ilungele usetyenziso lwangaphandle kunye nolungqwabalala lokusingqongileyo. I-Black oxide ityabeka idala umhlwa obhityileyo, omnyama, umhlwa - umaleko onganyangekiyo ngokusabela kwekhemikhali, ikwanika imbonakalo enomtsalane izitudi. Izikhonkwane zentsimbi estainless zinokuthi zingene kunyango lwe-passivation ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kwazo kwindalo.
Ukuhlolwa koMgangatho: Yonke ibhetshi ye-double end studs ihlolwe ngokungqongqo. Iitshekhi ze-Dimensional zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubukhulu be-stud, ubude, inkcazo yentambo, kunye nonyango lokugqibela luyahlangabezana nemigangatho. Uvavanyo lomatshini, njengamandla okuqina, ukuqina, kunye novavanyo lwe-torque, lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthwalo-umthamo wokuthwala kunye nokuqina kwee-studs. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kukwaqhutywa ukujonga iziphene zomphezulu, iintanda, okanye ukwakheka komsonto okungafanelekanga. Kuphela ii-studs eziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zomgangatho ezivunyiweyo ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Unyango olungaphezulu lwee-studs eziphindwe kabini lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo:
Ukufakwa kweZinc: I-Zinc plating yindlela yonyango esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-carbon steel studs. Kubandakanya ukufaka i-electroplating umaleko obhityileyo we-zinc kumphezulu we-stud. Olu luhlu lwe-zinc lusebenza njengesithintelo sombingelelo, ukubola ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela intsimbi engaphantsi. I-Zinc plating ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lwe-corrosion kwaye ifanelekile kwi-indoor kunye ne-incinci - izicelo ze-corrosion zangaphandle. Ikwanika i-studs imbonakalo eqaqambileyo, yentsimbi.
Kushushu - Dip Galvanizing: Kwinkqubo ye-galvanizing yediphu eshushu, ii-studs zithotywa kuqala kwaye zifakwe emanzini ukuze zisuse izinto ezingcolileyo. Emva koko, ziyagungxulwa kwaye zintywiliselwe kwibhafu ye-zinc etyhidiweyo malunga ne-450 - 460°C. I-zinc isabela nge-iron kwintsimbi ukwenza uluhlu lwezinki - i-alloy layers yentsimbi, ilandelwa yi-zinc ecocekileyo yangaphandle. Isiphumo sogqumo olungqingqwa oluqinileyo noluhlala luhleli lunika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izikhonkwane zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle ixesha elide kunye nokusingqongileyo okurhabaxa, njengeendawo zoshishino okanye imimandla yonxweme.
I-Black oxide Coating: I-black oxide coating yinkqubo yeekhemikhali eyenza umaleko obhityileyo, omnyama, onganyangekiyo kumphezulu we-carbon steel studs. Olu tyaba alunikezeli nje kuphela umgangatho wokukhusela umhlwa kodwa lunika i-studs iyunifomu, inkangeleko emnyama ye-matte, edla ngokuthandwa kwizicelo apho i-aesthetics kunye ne-moderal corrosion resistance kufuneka. Umaleko weoksidi emnyama ubhityile kwaye unokufuna iidyasi ezongezelelweyo zokhuseleko lomhlwa kwiindawo eziqatha.
I-Stainless Steel Passivation: Kwizikhonkwane zensimbi ezingenasici, unyango lwe-passivation lwenziwa. Oku kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa izikhonkwane kwisisombululo seasidi ukususa izinto ezingcolisa umphezulu, amasuntswana entsimbi, kunye nokwandisa umaleko wendalo owenziwe ngeoksidi kumphezulu wentsimbi. I-passivation iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ii-ion ze-chloride okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zinokuba khona, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide lee-studs.
Iingubo ezikhethekileyo: Kwezinye iimeko, ii-studs zinokufumana iingubo ezikhethekileyo. Iingubo zeTeflon zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusetyenziswa, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisa kunye nokukhulula amantongomane kwii-studs. I-anti-bamba coatings ikhusela i-studs ekubambeni ngenxa ye-oxidation okanye i-high-exposure yeqondo lokushisa, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo apho ii-studs zingadinga ukususwa kwaye ziphinde zifakwe rhoqo. I-anti-abrasion coatings ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela umphezulu we-stud kwimikrwelo kunye nokunxiba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikhukhulayo.
Izikhonkwane eziphela kabini zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi kunye nezicelo:
Ukwenziwa koomatshini kunye neZixhobo: Kwimveliso yoomatshini, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini ziyimfuneko ekuhlanganiseni amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iibhloko ze-injini, iintloko zeesilinda, iibhokisi zegiya, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinzima. Ukukwazi ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo, naphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokungcangcazela, kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kweli shishini.
Ubunjineli boKwakha kunye noLwakhiwo: Kubunjineli bokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo, i-double end studs isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo esakhiwo, njengeentsimbi zetsimbi, iikholomu kunye namacwecwe. Bakwaqeshwa ekufakeni izinto zekhonkrithi zangaphambili, ukubonelela uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo noluzinzileyo. Amandla aphezulu-amandla aphindwe kabini ahlala esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwezakhiwo kunye neebhulorho.
Imizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-Aerospace: Kwishishini leemoto, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa injini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kunye neenkqubo zokunqunyanyiswa. Banokumelana nokungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo olufunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi. Kwicandelo le-aerospace, apho umgangatho ongqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza ifunekayo, i-double end studs isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo eenqwelomoya. Ukwenziwa kwazo okuchanekileyo kunye neempawu zamandla aphezulu zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweenqwelomoya.
UkuFakelwa kwemibhobho kunye noFakelo lweValve: Kwimizi-mveliso yeepayipi kunye nemibhobho, i-double end studs isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-flanges kwiinkqubo zemibhobho. Babonelela ngesitywina esikhuselekileyo phakathi kwamacandelo emibhobho kunye neevalvu, ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kweenkqubo zokuthwala ulwelo. Izixhobo zokuphelisa ukudleka kabini zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yokwenziwa kwemichiza kunye nezicelo zaselwandle ukuthintela ukuvuza nokugcina ukuthembeka kweziseko zemibhobho.
Izixhobo zoMbane neze-Eletroniki: Kumashishini ombane kunye ne-electronics, i-double end studs ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-enclosures zombane, iipaneli kunye namalungu. I-Fine-thread double end studs ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukudityaniswa kwe-electronics, njengoko ivumela ukuqiniswa okuchanekileyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa amacandelo abuthathaka.
UkuFaniswa okuKhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo: Izikhonkwane eziphela kabini zibonelela ngesisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesithembekileyo sokuqinisa. Ngokusebenzisa amantongomane kwiziphelo zombini, banokufaka uxinzelelo kunye nokusabalalisa imithwalo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhulula phantsi kwe-vibration okanye uxinzelelo lomatshini. Oku kubenza bafanelekele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekukhanyeni-umsebenzi ukuya kwimisebenzi enzima.
Ukuguquguquka: Ifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu, izixhobo, iintlobo zentambo, kunye noyilo, ii-studs eziphela kabini ziyakwazi ukulungiswa lula kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Nokuba ngumsebenzi ochanekileyo kwishishini le-elektroniki okanye ngumsebenzi onzima wokwakha, kukho imodeli efanelekileyo ye-stud ekhoyo. Iimodeli zeempawu ezikhethekileyo, ezinje nge-fine-thread, ubude obungalinganiyo, kunye ne-anti-corrosion studs, zandisa ngakumbi umda wesicelo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukufakela ngokulula kunye nokususwa: Izikhonkwane eziphela kabini kulula ukuzifaka nokuzisusa. Nje ukuba isiphelo esinye sifakwe kumngxunya ocofiweyo, amandongomane angaqiniswa ngokulula okanye akhululwe kwelinye icala kusetyenziswa iziklintshi eziqhelekileyo okanye iisokethi. Oku kulula ukufakela kunye nokususwa kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yendibano kunye nokugcinwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iindleko - Ezisebenzayo: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo ze-fasteners, i-double end studs ingaba yindleko-isisombululo esisebenzayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho kufuneka khona amandla aphezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuthembekileyo. Imveliso yabo esemgangathweni kunye nokufumaneka ngokubanzi kunegalelo ekongeni iindleko, kwaye ubomi babo benkonzo ende bunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa rhoqo.
Umthwalo oPhakamileyo - Ukuthwala amandla: Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zinokuba nomthwalo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo. Izikhonkwane zamandla aphezulu ezenziwe kwintsimbi ye-alloy okanye i-high-grade carbon steel inokumelana ne-tensile ebalulekileyo kunye nemikhosi yokucheba, ibenze bafanelekele izicelo ezinzima kwiiprojekthi zoshishino kunye nezokwakha.
Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nomphezulu ohlukeneyo-ukhetho lonyango, ii-studs eziphindwe kabini zibonelela ngokulungileyo ukuxhathisa ukugqwala. Oku kubenza bafaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingaphandle, zaselwandle, kunye neendawo ezinobungozi kwimizi-mveliso, ukwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza.