Izifundo zeThread ziqhele ukubonwa zizixhobo eziphezulu eziphezulu, ezikhethiweyo ezisekwe kwimfuno ezithile zezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngokubhekisele kumandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki komoya. I-Carbon Steel imele njengenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo, ngakumbi kumabanga anjenge-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9.
p>Izifundo zeThread ziqhele ukubonwa zizixhobo eziphezulu eziphezulu, ezikhethiweyo ezisekwe kwimfuno ezithile zezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngokubhekisele kumandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki komoya. I-Carbon Steel imele njengenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo, ngakumbi kumabanga anjenge-4.8, 8.8, kunye ne-10.9. I-carbon ye-carbon esezantsi-yeBanga le-4.8 ibonelela ngamandla asisiseko, esenza kufanelekile ukuba ibe yimisebenzi ebolekayo ngokubanzi apho iimfuno zomthwalo azithethi kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, iBakala leBanga eliphezulu leBanga le-8.8 kwaye i-10.9 linokunyanga ishushu ukuba likhulise kakhulu amandla enkoso, ubunzima babo, kunye nobunzima. Lo mthetho wenza ukuba banyamezele imithwalo enzima kunye noxinzelelo olunzima ngakumbi, ukubanika impumelelo yeeprojekthi zeshishini kunye nolwakhiwo ezifuna ukubambisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhusela i-store ye-carbon steel kwi-corrosion, unyango oluqhelekileyo lonyango lubandakanya ukubethwa kwe-zinc, umnyama ophathwayo, kunye ne-dip eshushu.
Intsimbi engenasibala yenye into ebaluleke kakhulu, kunye namaBanga 304 no-316 kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Intsimbi engama-304 inika intsimbi engenasiseko ibonelela ngokuchaseneyo nokunganyangeki kwengqondo, okwenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa zangaphakathi kunye nemeko ezininzi zangaphandle ngokuvezwa okuphakathi kokusingqongileyo. 316 Intsimbi engenasibala, ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophakamileyo we-molybdenum, ibonelela ngokuchasene ne-molybdenum ephezulu kwiikhemikhali, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo. Ngenxa yoko, yindawo yokhetho lokukhetha amashishini anjenge-marine, ikhemikhali, kunye nokutya, kunye neeprojekthi zangaphandle kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo - iindawo zokufuma.
Kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo apho ukusebenza kubalulekile, intsimbi ye-alloy izakudlala. Intsimbi ye-alloy, enezinto ezinje ngeChromium, iMolybdenum, i-dadium, kunye ne-nickel, inokuba shushu-ziphathwe-zinyangwe ukuze zifezekise iipropathi zoomatshini obodwa. Ii-studs zentambo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphakamileyo zoxinzelelo, ezinjengeenjini zemoto, amacandelo ee-aerospace, kunye noomatshini bokungasebenziyo, apho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uluhlu lwemveliso yezifundo zentambo lubandakanya iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zemodeli, ezenziwe ngokobukhulu, ubude, uhlobo lwentambo, iBanga leZinto ezibonakalayo,
Imilinganiselo yemilinganiselo yemigangatho: Izifundo eziMiselweyo zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-metric kunye ne-meric. I-metric stads isusela kwi-M3 ukuya kwi-M36, ngelixa i-Inder Sharing ukusuka kwiNdibano yeThutyana yeThengi yeThutyana ye-Thread Subs.
Amandla aphezulu aphezulu: I-Nenjiwe yeZicelo eziShindisiweyo, ii-Studs eziPhakamileyo eziPhakamileyo zenziwa zivela kwiBanga eliPhakamileyo - I-Alocal Steel okanye i-Alound Steel okanye ePight-Wigh-Amandla e-carbon enenqanaba le-12,9. Ezi ziqwenga zenziwe zinobukhulu obukhulu kwaye ubude obude bokujongana nemikhosi ye-tenstory kunye ne-shear. Babalulekile kwizicwangciso zemizi mveliso zokufumana oomatshini abanzima, izinto ezinkulu - kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokuzibhabha. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu anokufakwa kwi-Sure eyoyikisayo okanye izinto ezongezelelweyo zokuphucula intsebenzo yazo kunye nomthwalo.
I-Studs ekhethekileyo:
I-studs: Inqaku le-thret yentambo encinci ethe yathelekiswa nemilinganiselo emiselweyo, i-store ye-thy-i-stores ibonelela ngokuchaneka kohlengahlengiso oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nokungaxhathisi okuphezulu kukukhulula. Ziqhelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukulungiswa kwe-meticuus, ezinje ngoomatshini bokuchaneka, izixhobo zokhetho, kunye neNdibano ye-elektroniki eSiphelo. Uyilo oluhle-lwentambo luvumela indawo echanekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo kwezi zicelo zicocekileyo.
I-Sthores ye-Toran: Ezi ziqwenga zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimingxunya engaboniyo, apho ukufikelela kunokwenzeka kuphela ukusuka kwelinye icala. Ii-Shrinta ezi-Toral Studs zihlala zinenxalenye enye kwisiphelo esinye sokufakelwa kumngxunya ongaboniyo kunye noqwalaselo olwahlukileyo, njenge-shank egudileyo okanye enye, kwelinye icala, kwelinye icala, kwelinye icala, kwelinye icala lokuncamathisela izinto. Basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yefanitshala, iNdibano yangaphakathi ye-AutoMotie, kunye nezinye izicelo apho kungena kwicala elicocekileyo nelondolozwe kwelinye icala.
I-anti-chibid subres studs: I-Nenjiwe yokuxhathisa ukukhululwa okubangelwa kukuzibandakanya, i-anti-stubizere stubres stubres idibanisa izinto ezizodwa. Abanye banokuba noyilo oluyithandayo, ngelixa abanye banokusebenzisa izinto ezivaliweyo okanye iingubo. Ezi ziqwengana zibalulekile kwizicelo ezinje ngeenjini zemoto, oomatshini bomzi-mveliso abanamacandelo aphezulu, kunye nezithuthi zokuhamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqina ukuba ukhuselekile gwenxa.
Ukuveliswa kwee-studs zentambo kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi achanekileyo kunye namanyathelo olawulo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwabo kunye nokusebenza kwabo:
Ukulungiselela izinto: Izinto eziPhakamileyo eziPhakamileyo, ezinje ngemivalo yensimbi okanye iintonga, zifakwe ngononophelo. Uvavanyo oluqukuqeyo lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ubume bekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yemveliso. Emva koko, izinto zensimbi zinqunyulwa zibe bude obufanelekileyo ngokobukhulu obuthile bee-Studs.
Ukungcungcutheka: Ukungqubana yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni i-studis studs. I-Diecring ekhethekileyo ye-Storaing okanye oomatshini abaqengqelekayo baqeshwa ukudala imisonto kwizikhephe. Ukuqengqeleka kwentambo yindlela ekhethiweyo njengoko kuvelisa intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda-ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukunyangwa kwabantu. Inkqubo yokulinganisa ifuna ulawulo olucekeceke ukuze uqinisekise nge-pitch echanekileyo, iprofayile yentambo efanelekileyo, kunye nokuhambelana okanye imingxunya ehambelana okanye imingxunya. Kwi-studs enemilinganiselo ethile yeTyeri, enjengeentambo ezilungileyo okanye iifom zequmrhu ezikhethekileyo, imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo echanekileyo inokuba yimfuneko.
Unyango lobushushu (kwizixhobo eziphakamileyo): Studs made from high - strength materials like alloy steel or high - grade carbon steel often undergo heat - treatment processes, including annealing, quenching, and tempering. Ezi nkqubo zingenza iempawu zobuchwephesha ze-Studs, ukwandisa amandla, ubukhali, kunye nobunzima bokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zezicelo ezithile.
Unyango lokuphela: Kuxhomekeka kwisicelo kunye noyilo lwentambo yentambo, iziphelo zinokwenza unyango olongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, iziphelo zinokuchukunyiswa ukuba ziququzelele ukufakelwa okulula zibe ngamandongomane okanye imingxunya, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokufaka. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphelo zinokuguqulwa okanye zimiswe ukulungiselela iindlela ezithile ezikhawulezayo okanye ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano olungcono kunye namacandelo aqhotyoshelweyo.
Unyango lomphezuluUkuphucula ukunganyangeki konyango, ukuphucula ukubonakala, kwaye kongezelele iipropathi zomsebenzi, ii-store zentsimbi zensimbi zinokwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. I-Zinc play ifake i-winc ematyeni ye-zinc kwi-stud bond, inika ukhuseleko olusisiseko lokukhusela kunye nembonakalo eqaqambileyo, imbonakalo. I-datvaning eshushu-i-DIP ibonelela ngokuthi i-zinc i-hincy ye-zinc, eyomeleleyo ngakumbi, ukwenza izitulo zilungele ixesha elide lokusebenzisa kunye neendawo ezinobunzima. I-One-Black Oxdide Coyide idala inqabile, imnyama, i-corrosion-i-corrosion-i-scoudes engahambelaniyo, inika izitulo zeMatte enomtsalane ngelixa ikwabonelela ngenqanaba lokhuseleko. Ii-scails zentsimbi ezingenasitali zinokubangela unyango lokuphucula ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kwendalo.
Uvavanyo olusemgangathweniZonke iibhendi zemithi yentambo ziphantsi kovavanyo oluqatha. Iitsheki zomhlaba zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi be-Stures, ubude, iinkcazo zentambo, kwaye unyango lokuphela luhlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo. Iimvavanyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya amandla onqabileyo, ubunzima, kunye novavanyo lwe-torque, ziqhutywa ukuqinisekisa umthwalo kunye nokuqina kwe-studs. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo lukwaqhutywa ukuze lubone nasiphi na isiphene somphezulu, ceck, okanye indlela engalunganga. Kuphela zii-studs kuphela ezidlulayo zonke iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni zivunyiwe ukupakishwa kunye nokusasazwa.
Unyango lomphezulu wentambo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni intsebenzo yabo kwaye yandise ubomi beenkonzo zabo:
I-Zinc Plateng: I-zinc plates luphawu oluthathelwe ngokubanzi lonyango lwe-carbon stel stores. Kubandakanya i-elektroplating suble ye-zinc kwi-stud bond. Lo mqobo uZinc usebenza njengesithintelo esinyulu, ukukhetha ngokukhethekileyo ukukhusela intsimbi engaphantsi kwentsimbi. I-zinc plates ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lokhuseleko kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo zangaphakathi nangaphantsi. Ikwanika i-studs inkangeleko ekhanyayo, imbonakalo yentsimbi, enokuba nomtsalane ngokwesicelo kwizicelo ezithile.
Ishushu-dip ye-dipvaning: Kwinkqubo eshushu-ye-DIP ye-dip ye-dip ye-DAP, i-studs iqala ukukhubeka kwaye ikhutshiwe ukuba isuse umphezulu. Emva koko, bavuthuza kwaye bantywiliselwa kwibhafu ye-zuze encothuni malunga ne-450 ukuya kwi-460 ° C. I-zinc iphendula ngentsimbi kwintsimbi ukwenza uthotho lwe-zinc yentsimbi yentsimbi, ilandelwa ngumaleko wangaphandle we-zinc. Ukuqaqanjelwa kwe-cering eqinileyo kunye nexesha eliqinileyo le-raticker inika ukumelana nokuziphatha okuhle, ukwenza izifundo zilungele ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kunye neendawo ezinobunkunkqele, ezifana neendawo ezinemizi-mveliso, kunye neendawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Imnyama Ososide: Ukuphatha kwe-oxide ye-ox yinkqubo yekhemikhali etyekele, imnyama, i-corrosion-i-corrosion-enganyangekiyo kumphezulu we-carbon steel studs. Oku kukhathazeka akunikeli nje inqanaba lokukhuselwa kwe-corosion kodwa kukwadlulisela imbonakalo yeyunifomu, eMatte kwii-Studs, ezihlala zithandwayo kwizicelo ze-aesthetics kunye nokuchasana okuphakathi kuyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ungqimba olumnyama oxide, kwaye i-tocoats eyongezelelweyo, enje ngeoyile okanye i-wax, inokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukhuseleko lokukhusela ubukhulu becala.
I-Staivation yensimbi yentsimbi: Kwiziqwengana zentsimbi ezingenasitali, unyango lokuphumelela lwenziwa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuntywilisela isisombululo kwisisombululo se-Acid ukususa umphezulu ongcolileyo, amasuntswana ensimbi, kunye nokuphucula imeko ye-oxide yendalo kwi-oxtides. Ukudluliselwa kwedlule kuphucula ukumelana nokunganyangeki kwentsimbi engenasigaba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ze-chloride okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubakho zinokubakho, qinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide.
I-caayings ekhethekileyo: Kwiimeko ezithile, ii-studs zentambo zinokufumana iingubo ezikhethekileyo. I-teflon coasngs inokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukuxabana ngexesha lokufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kokwenza kube lula ukuqinisa nokukhulula amantongomane kwizikhethi. Oku kuyingenelo ikakhulu kwizicelo apho intlanganiso isebenza rhoqo kwiNdibano yeNdibano. I-Anti-Bamba i-CoatIngs Thintela i-Studs ukuba ingabamba i-oxidation okanye ukuvezwa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, elibalulekileyo kwizicelo apho kunokwenzeka khona izicelo, njengokulungiswa kwe-injini okanye ukulungiswa kwezixhobo. I-Anti-Ingubo yengubo ye-abrashion inokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela umphezulu we-Stud ukusuka ekrweni kunye nokunxiba, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Izifundo zentambo zifumana ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa:
Oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo: Kumzi-mveliso wokuwiswa koomatshini, ii-Studs zeTrista zibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ziqhelekile ukuba zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo ze-injini, iibhokisi zegiya, kunye nezinye iinxalenye zomsebenzi ezinzima. Ukukwazi kwe-storance studs ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthenjwa okuqinisekileyo, nokuba uphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye needrafti, kubenza babe nakho ukubabize kweli shishini. Nokuba kulwakhiwo lomatshini oMkhulu wemizi-mveliso okanye ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezincinci zoomatshini, ii-stores suts ziqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwamalungu.
Ukwakhiwa kunye nobunjineli bokwakha: Ngokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo lobunjineli, izifundo ze-store ziqeshwa ngokuqhagamshela izinto ezakhiweyo, ezinjengeebhloko zensimbi, iikholamu, kunye nezinto zekhonkrithi. Banikezela uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo nolinganeyo, befaka isandla kuzinzo ngokubanzi kunye nengqibelelo yezakhiwo kunye neebhlorho. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu ahlala asetyenziswa kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zezakhiwo zokumelana nemithwalo ebalulekileyo kunye noxinzelelo olufumaneka kwezi zinto.
I-Automotive kunye neZiko le-aerospace: Kumzi-mveliso we-automotive, ii-stores zisetyenziswa kwindibano yeinjini, ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis, kunye neenkqubo zokumiswa. Banokunyamezela i-vibistions kunye neengcinezelo zoomatshini eziveliswe ngexesha lokusebenza kwezithuthi. Kwicandelo le-aerospace icandelo, apho imigangatho yokusebenza engqongqo yiparamount, i-stores isetyenziselwa ukukhokela izinto zenqwelomoya. Imveliso yabo echazayo kunye nendawo ephezulu yamandla ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya, ngokusilela okuncinci ngokukhawuleza kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zombane: Kwimizi-mveliso ye-elektroniki kunye namashishini ombane, ii-Studs, ngakumbi ii-Studs ezilungileyo - zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iibhodi zesekethe, ezivaliweyo zombane, kunye nezinye izinto. Uyilo oluhle-lwentambo luvumela ukonakala ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokubangela imilinganiselo ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki. Bakwanceda ekugcineni ukugcinwa kombane kunye nolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwamacandelo, aqinisekise ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kweenkqubo zombane neze-elektroniki.
Ifanitshala kunye nokusebenzela i-Woothi: Kwimveliso yokufezekisa ifanitshala kunye nokusebenza kwemithi, ii-studs zentambo, ngakumbi i-Storal Studis, ziyasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Izifundo ze-Sthores ezingaboniyo zikwenza ukuba i-therteling ekhuselekileyo kwelinye icala, elungele ukudala uqhagamshelo olufihliweyo kwifanitshala yeziqwengana, ukubonelela ngembonakalo ecocekileyo nenobuhle. Zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izakhelo zomthi, zincamathisela imilenze yetafile, kwaye ujoyine ezinye izinto zefanitshala, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuqina kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
Ukhuseleke kwaye unomdla wokuthenjwa: Izihloko zentambo zibonelela ngesisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesinokuthenjwa. Ngokusebenzisa amandongomane okanye amacandelo atyunjiweyo, anokuhambisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo kwaye axhathise ukukhululwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwamatshini ohlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuntywila, uxinzelelo kunye nemikhosi yamalahle. Oku kubangela ukuba balungele izicelo ezibanzi, ukusuka ekuKhanyeni kweMisebenzi yokusebenza nzima, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zexesha elide zezakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo okanye izinto.
Uqwalaselo: Ngoluhlu olubanzi lwe-SEIT, izixhobo, iintlobo zentambo, kwaye uyilo olufumanekayo, ii-studs zentambo zinokwenziwa ngokulula ukufezekisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Nokuba ngumsebenzi ojolise ngqo kushishino lwe-elektroniki okanye iprojekthi yokwakha inzima, kukho imodeli ye-Toran efanelekileyo. Ekhethekile - ii-Studs ze-Studs, ezinje ngentambo, iimfama, kunye neentlobo zohambo oluchasene nezicelo, zivumela izisombululo zabo, zivumela izisombululo ezizezimali kwiindawo ezithile.
Ukufakwa kokufakwa kunye nokususwa: Iziqwengana zentambo zichanekile ukuba zifake kwaye zisuse. Nje ukuba ifakwe kumngxunya otyikityayo okanye icandelo lokutshatiswa, amantongomane okanye ezinye izinto ezinxunguphalo zinokuqiniswa ngokulula okanye zikhululwe zisebenzisa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni, ezinje ngeentsika okanye iziseko. Oku kulula kufakelo kunye nokususa kuququzelela iinkqubo zendibano kunye nezolondolozo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko zabasebenzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Isebenza kakuhle emalini: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zobalo-mbini, ii-studs zentambo zinokubonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuthengiswa okuqinisekileyo. Ukuveliswa kwabo okubekwe emgangathweni kunye nokufumaneka kwabo ngokubanzi banegalelo kwizimali ezixabisa iindleko, kwaye ubomi babo obude buyeyona nto yabo yokuhlala inciphisa imvakathi, ekugqibeleni ukwehlisa iindleko zobunini beeprojekthi ezizisebenzisayo.
Umthwalo oPhakamileyo-Ukuthwala Umthamo: Kuxhomekeke kwimiba kunye noyilo, ii-studs zentambo zinokuba nomthwalo ophezulu. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu enziwa kwi-alloy yentsimbi okanye iBanga eliphezulu le-carbon ayakwazi ukunyanzeliswa kweeprojekthi zemizi mveliso kunye nokwakha apho kubalulekile ukuxhasa imithwalo emikhulu kwaye kuxhathise ukuqonda.
UkunganyangekiEnkosi ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo njengentsimbi engenasimo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ii-stores zibonelela kakuhle ekuchanyoneni kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba balungele ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle, elwandle, kunye neendawo ezinemizi mveliso, apho kuvezwa khona ukufuma, ityiwa, kunye neekhemikhali. Ukunganyangeki kokukhula kosulelo kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezifundo, kunciphisa iimfuno zolondolozo, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo kwamacandelo afakiweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.