
Izikrufu zokuhombisa zenziwa kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwezixhobo, nganye ikhethiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezicelo zokuhombisa ngaphandle.
Izikrufu zokuhombisa zenziwa kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwezixhobo, nganye ikhethiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezicelo zokuhombisa ngaphandle. Intsimbi engenastainless lolona khetho luthandwayo ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa okungaqhelekanga. Amabanga afana ne-304 kunye ne-316 asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. I-304 insimbi engenasici inikezela ngokufanelekileyo ngokubanzi-injongo yokukhusela i-corrosion, iyenza ifaneleke kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokuhombisa ngaphandle kunye nokuvezwa okuphakathi kokusingqongileyo. I-316 insimbi engenasici, enomxholo ophezulu we-molybdenum, inika ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwiimeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa namanzi etyuwa, iikhemikhali, kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu, iyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwimimandla yonxweme okanye iidekhi ezinokudibana neetyuwa ze-de-icing.
Intsimbi yegalvanized yenye into esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ezi zikrufu zingena kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwegalvanization, nokuba kungeshushu - dip galvanizing okanye i-electroplating. Izikrufu ezishushu zediphu zinezinki ezityebileyo, ezomeleleyo ezisebenza njengomaleko wedini, zikhusela intsimbi engaphantsi kumhlwa nakumhlwa. Izikrufu ezifakwe igalvanized ene-electroplated zinika umaleko we-zinc obhityileyo kodwa osebenzayo, obonelela ngeendleko - ukhuseleko lomhlwa olusebenzayo kwizicelo zokuhombisa ezingabalulekanga kangako.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-copper-alloy screws isetyenziswa. Ubhedu luneempawu zendalo ezichasene nokugqwala kwaye luphuhlisa ipatina entle ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo enokuphucula umtsalane wobuhle bedesika. I-Copper - izikrufu ze-alloy zihlala zikhethwa kwiiprojekthi eziphakamileyo eziphezulu okanye zokuhombisa apho ukuqina kunye nokubonakala okubonakalayo kubalulekile.
Iintloko ze-decking screws zingenziwa kwizinto ezifanayo njenge-shank okanye zibonise iingubo ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, ezinye izikrufu zentsimbi zine-oksidi emnyama-intloko egqunywe ngenkangeleko enomtsalane ngakumbi, ngelixa zikwabonelela umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko kwimikrwelo emincinci kunye nokunxiba komphezulu.
Umgca wemveliso wezikrufu zokuhombisa ubandakanya iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezihlelwe ngokobukhulu, uhlobo lwentloko, uyilo lwentambo, kunye nobude:
Izikrweqe zokuDekhisa eziMgangatho: Ezi zintlobo eziqhelekileyo, ezifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu. Ubungakanani beMetric buqala ukusuka kwi-M4 ukuya kwi-M6, ngelixa ubukhulu be-impiriyali bugubungela ukusuka kwi-#8 ukuya kwi-#10. Izikrufu zokuhombisa ezisemgangathweni zidla ngokuba ne-bugle-intloko okanye i-flat-design yentloko. I-bugle-intloko yenzelwe ukuba ikwazi ukuchasana kancinane emthini, ukudala indawo egungxulwayo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhubeka okanye ukurhweba. I-Flat - i-screws yentloko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, hlala ngokucokisekileyo kunye nomphezulu, ubonelela ngokubukeka. Izikrufu ezisemgangathweni zinoburhabaxa - uyilo lwentambo elungiselelwe ukubanjwa emthini, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okukhuselekileyo.
Efihliweyo-Izikrweqe zokuFastener zokuhombisa: Yenzelwe ukugqiba okubukekayo, okufihliweyo - izikrufu zokuqhafaza ze-fastener zenzelwe ukufakwa ngendlela yokuba intloko ye-screw ingabonakali ukusuka phezulu. Ezi zikrufu zihlala zisebenza ngokubambisana neziqeshana ezikhethekileyo okanye ezifihliweyo - iinkqubo zokubopha. Zifumaneka ngobude obahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ukuze zivumelane nobukhulu bebhodi yokuhombisa eyahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zofakelo. Izikrufu ezifihliweyo - i-fastener screws zithandwa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi eziphezulu zokuhombisa apho imbonakalo engenamthungo necocekileyo ifunwayo.
Izikrweqe zokuhombisa ezihlanganisiweyo: Yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo zokuhombisa ezidibeneyo, ezi zikhonkwane zinemisonto ekhethekileyo yoyilo. Imisonto isoloko ingekho nzulu kwaye inondlongondlongo xa ithelekiswa nemithi yesintu - izikrufu zokuhombisa. Olu luyilo lunceda ukukhusela ukuhlukana kwezinto ezidibeneyo ngexesha lokufakela kwaye unikeze ukubamba okukhuselekileyo. Izikrufu ezidityanisiweyo zokuhombisa zisenokuthi zibe nokwaleka okhethekileyo okanye ukubunjwa kwezinto zokuthintela ukubola kwegalvanic xa udibana nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, ezihlala ziqulathe amacandelo esinyithi.
Inzima-Izikrufu Zokuhombisa: Kwiiprojekthi zokuhombisa ezinkulu okanye zorhwebo, izikrufu zokuhombisa ezinzima ziyafumaneka. Ezi zikrufu zenziwe ngeedayamitha ezinkulu kunye namanqina atyebileyo, ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka kwintsimbi ephezulu yamandla okanye intsimbi yealloyi. Banokumelana nemithwalo emikhulu noxinezeleko, olufana nolo lubangelwa kukuhamba ngeenyawo, ifanitshala okanye izixhobo zangaphandle. Izikrufu ezinzima-zomsebenzi kaninzi ziza ngobude obude ukuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa okukhuselekileyo ngokusebenzisa iileya ezininzi zemathiriyeli yokuhombisa kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso.
Ukuveliswa kwezikrufu zokuhombisa kubandakanya amanyathelo achanekileyo amaninzi kunye nomgangatho ongqongqo - amanyathelo olawulo:
Ukulungiselela Izinto Eziluncedo: Izinto ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu, ezifana ne-stainless-steel rods, galvanized - steel wire, okanye i-copper - i-alloy blanks, ifakwe ngokucophelela. Izixhobo zihlolwe ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokuvelisa. Izixhobo zentsimbi zisikwa zibe ngobude obufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zobungakanani besikrufu.
Ukubumba: Izikrufu zentsimbi ziqhele ukwenziwa ngokubanda-isihloko okanye kushushu-iinkqubo zokubumba. Isihloko esibandayo siqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizikrufu ezincinci. Kule nkqubo, isinyithi sibunjwa kwintloko efunwayo, i-shank, kunye nefom yentambo usebenzisa i-dies in multiple stages. Le ndlela isebenzayo kwimveliso ephezulu kwaye inokudala iifom zentambo ezichanekileyo kunye nemilo ye-screw. Hot - forging isetyenziswa ezinkulu okanye ngaphezulu - izikrufu amandla, apho isinyithi ifudunyezwa kwimo ethambileyo kwaye emva koko imilo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ukufikelela amandla afunekayo kunye nokuchaneka dimensional.
Umsonto: Emva kokwenza, izikrufu ziqhuba imisebenzi yokuthunga. Ngokhuni - izikrufu ezibambekayo zokuhombisa, iintambo ezikhethekileyo zokufa zisetyenziselwa ukudala umsonto orhabaxa - uyilo olunyusa ukubamba isikrufu emthini. Ukuqengqeleka kwemisonto yindlela ekhethwayo njengoko idala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kokudinwa kwesikrufu. Kwi-screws edityanisiweyo edibeneyo, inkqubo ye-threading ihlengahlengiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezinto ezidibeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kunye nomonakalo - ukufakwa kwamahhala.
Ukubunjwa kwentloko: Intloko yesikrufu sokuhombisa yenziwe ngokoyilo olufunwayo, olufana ne-bugle-head okanye flat-head. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokufa zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba intloko inemilo echanekileyo, ubungakanani kunye ne-engile. Kwizinto ezifihliweyo - izikhonkwane ze-fastener, i-machining eyongezelelweyo ingafuneka ukudala iimpawu ezivumela ukufakela ngokufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezifihliweyo - ukuqinisa.
UNyango loBubushushu (kwimathiriyeli yamandla aphezulu): Izikrufu ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli eyomelele kakhulu njengentsimbi yealloyi zinokungena ubushushu - iinkqubo zonyango. I-Anealing isetyenziselwa ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ukucima kwandisa ubulukhuni, kwaye ukuvutha kubuyisela ukuqina kunye nokuphucula ukuqina. Ezi nkqubo ziphucula iimpawu zemishini yezikrufu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezibangwayo zezicelo zokuhombisa ezinzima.
INdibano kunye nokuPakisha: Emva kokuba i-screws zenziwe, zihlanganiswe (ukuba ziyasebenza, ezifana ne-fihlile-fasteners systems) kwaye emva koko zipakishwe. Ukupakishwa kudla ngokubandakanya amanyathelo okukhusela okuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, kwaye kunokubandakanya ulwazi malunga neenkcukacha ze-screw, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezicelo ezicetyiswayo.
Ukomeleza ukusebenza kunye nokubonakala kwezikrufu zokuhombisa, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomphezulu ziyasetyenziswa:
Ukufakwa kweGalavanization: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, i-galvanization yonyango oluqhelekileyo lomphezulu lwezikrufu zentsimbi. Ukushushu - dip galvanizing kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa izikrufu kwibhafu ye-zinc etyhidiweyo, okukhokelela kwi-zinc engqindilili enamathelayo. Olu tyaba lunikeza ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokubola ngokuncama umaleko we-zinc ukukhusela intsimbi engaphantsi. I-Electroplating galvanization ibeka umaleko obhityileyo we-zinc kumphezulu we-screw ngenkqubo ye-electrochemical, inikezela ngexabiso elithe kratya - ukhetho olusebenzayo kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezingadlekiyo.
I-Stainless - i-Steel Passivation: I-stainless - izikrufu zokuhombisa intsimbi zinokungena kwinkqubo yokudlula. Oku kubandakanya ukunyanga umphezulu we-screw ngesisombululo se-asidi ukususa nakuphi na ukungcoliseka komphezulu kunye nokungcola, kunye nokwandisa umaleko wendalo we-oxide owenziweyo kumphezulu wentsimbi. I-Passivation iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-stainless - izikrufu zentsimbi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezirhabaxa zangaphandle.
Ukwaleka kunye nokuPlatwa: Ezinye izikrufu zokuhombisa zifumana iingubo ezongezelelweyo okanye iiplatings zokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobuhle. Umzekelo, i-black oxide coating ifakwa kwi-stainless - izikrufu zentsimbi ukuzinika umphetho omnyama, ongabonakali nje unomtsalane ngakumbi kodwa ubonelela ngokhuseleko kwimikrwelo yomhlaba. Ukugquma kwepowder kungasetyenziselwa ukufaka ukugqiba ixesha elide, elinemibala kwi-screws, enikezela zombini ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye ne-aesthetic boost. Ukongeza, ezinye izikrufu zinokuba ne-lubricious coating yokunciphisa ukukhuhlana ngexesha lofakelo, okwenza kube lula ukuqhuba izikrufu emthini okanye kwizinto ezidibeneyo.
Izikrufu zokuhombisa zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kweedekhi zangaphandle:
Iidekhi zokuhlala: Kulwakhiwo lweendawo zokuhlala, izikrufu zokuhombisa ziyimfuneko ekuqiniseni iibhodi zokudityaniswa ngamaplanga okanye ezidityanisiweyo kwisakhelo esingaphantsi. Baqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo noluzinzile, oluvumela idekhi ukuba imelane nokuhamba ngeenyawo, ifenitshala yangaphandle, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentloko kunye noyilo lunokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezikhethwayo zobuhle zabanikazi bezindlu, kunye ne-bugle - izikrufu zentloko ibe yinto ethandwayo yokujonga inkangeleko yendabuko kunye nefihliweyo - izikrufu ze-fastener zembonakalo yanamhlanje, engenamthungo.
IiDekhi zoRhwebo kunye nezoLuntu: Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, ezifana neendawo zokutyela ezinendawo yokutyela yangaphandle, iihotele ezinendawo yokuphumla, okanye iipaki zikawonke-wonke ezineendlela zokuhamba, izikrufu zokuhombisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-heavy-duty decking screws zihlala zisetyenziswa kwezi zicelo ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo. I-corrosion-resistant properties of the screws ibaluleke kakhulu kwiisetingi zorhwebo zokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye nokhuseleko lwedekhi.
Ukulungiswa kweDesika kunye noLungiso: Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwedekhi kunye neeprojekthi zokulungisa, izikrufu zokuqhafaza zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela izibophelelo ezindala okanye ezonakalisiweyo. Ukulula kwabo ukufakela kunye nokuqina okuthembekileyo kubenza balungele ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza ingqibelelo yedesika. Kwiiprojekthi zokuhlaziya, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikrufu zokuhombisa zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya inkangeleko yedekhi, njengokutshintshela efihliweyo - izikrufu ze-fastener zenkangeleko yangoku.
IiProjekthi zoKuhombisa eziZodwa: Izikrufu zokuhombisa zikwasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokuhombisa ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nedekhi ezidadayo, iidekhi eziphakanyisiweyo, okanye iidekhi ezinoyilo olulodwa. Kule meko, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo, ubude, kunye nohlobo lwesijija kufuneka lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuzinza.
Ukuchasa okugqwesileyo kokuCorrosion: Nokuba yenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwa, igalvanized, okanye ubhedu - ialloy, izikrufu zokuhombisa zinika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kumhlwa. Oku kubalulekile kwizicelo zangaphandle, njengoko iidekhi zihlala zisesichengeni sokufuma, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo. I-corrosion-resistant properties iqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwedekhi, ukunciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa rhoqo kweefasteners.
Ukuqina okuKhuselekileyo: Uyilo lwemisonto ekhethekileyo yezikrufu zokuhombisa, ezifana ne-coarse-thread for wood okanye intambo eyodwa yezinto ezidibeneyo, zibonelela ngokukhuselekileyo. Oku kuthintela iibhodi zokuhombisa ukuba zikhulule okanye zitshintshe ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwedekhi. Ukudibaniswa kwentambo ye-screw kunye noyilo lwentloko kunceda ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlula izinto zokuhombisa.
Isibheno sobuhle: Ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentloko, ukugqiba, kunye nemibala ekhoyo, izikrufu zokuhombisa zinokuphucula ubuhle bedesika. I-Bugle - izikrufu zentloko zenza indawo egudileyo, egungxulwayo, ngelixa ifihliweyo - izikrufu ze-fastener zinika inkangeleko engenamthungo. Izikrini ezinombala okanye eziboshweyo zinokudityaniswa kunye nezinto zokuhombisa ukudibanisa okanye ukudala umphumo ochaseneyo, ukongeza kwisibheno esibonakalayo sendawo yangaphandle.
Ukuguquguquka: Izikrufu zokuhombisa ziza kuluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu, ubude, kunye nemathiriyeli, ezenza zilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zokuhombisa, kubandakanya umthi, i-composite kunye ne-PVC. Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi, ezifana nobukhulu beebhodi ze-decking, uhlobo lwe-substructure, kunye nomthwalo olindelekileyo. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela uyilo oluguquguqukayo kunye nokhetho lofakelo kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa.
Ukulula koFakelo: Izikrufu zokuhombisa kulula ukuzifaka, nakubantu abathanda i-DIY. Uyilo lwabo luvumela ukuqhuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto zokuhombisa usebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-cordless drills okanye i-screwdrivers. Ukufumaneka kwezikrufu ezineengubo ezithambisayo okanye iingcebiso zokuzibhobhoza zenza lula ngakumbi inkqubo yofakelo, ukunciphisa ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo wokwakhiwa kwedesika okanye ukulungiswa.