
Iibholiti zamehlo eziphakamisayo zenziwe ngokugqithisileyo ukusuka kwizinto eziphezulu eziphezulu zokuqinisekisa umthamo othembekileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lokuphakamisa imisebenzi. Insimbi ye-alloy yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa amabakala afana ne-42CrMo kunye ne-35CrMo.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziphakamisayo zenziwe ngokugqithisileyo ukusuka kwizinto eziphezulu eziphezulu zokuqinisekisa umthamo othembekileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lokuphakamisa imisebenzi. I-alloy steel yinto esetyenziswa rhoqo, ingakumbi amabanga afana ne-42CrMo kunye ne-35CrMo. Ezi ntsimbi ze-alloy ziqulethe izinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-manganese, ethi, ngeenkqubo ezichanekileyo zonyango lobushushu, inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo iimpawu ze-bolt. Iibholiti zamehlo eziphathwa ngobushushu zibonisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okugqwesileyo, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu, okubenza bakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye nemijikelo yoxinzelelo ephindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokusilela.
Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo apho ukuxhathisa umhlwa kuyeyona nto iphambili, intsimbi engatyiwayo yeyona nto ikhethwayo. Imigangatho yentsimbi engenastainless 304 kunye ne-316 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-304 insimbi engenasici ibonelela ngokhuseleko olululo olululo lwenjongo jikelele, iyenza ilungelwe ngaphakathi kunye nezinto ezininzi zokuphakamisa ngaphandle kunye nokuvezwa okuphakathi kokusingqongileyo. I-316 insimbi engenasici, kunye nomxholo wayo ophezulu we-molybdenum, inika ukuxhathisa okongeziweyo kwiikhemikhali ezinoburharha, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo, iyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kumashishini aselwandle, amachiza, kunye ne-offshore apho iibholithi zinokuvezwa kwizinto ezinobungozi.
Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, i-high-high-high-high carbon steel inokusetyenziswa, ngokwesiqhelo kumabakala afana ne-8.8, 10.9, kunye ne-12.9. Nangona i-carbon steel inokumelana ne-corrosion ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nensimbi engenasici kunye ne-alloy steel, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla kwimisebenzi ethile yokuphakamisa xa idibaniswe nonyango olufanelekileyo lomhlaba.
Umgca wemveliso wokuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo ubandakanya iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezihlelwe ngokobukhulu, umthamo womthwalo, uhlobo loyilo, kunye nebakala lemathiriyeli:
Iibholiti zamehlo eziPhakamisayo: Ezi zintlobo eziqhelekileyo, ezifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu. Ubungakanani beMetric buhlala buvela kwi-M8 ukuya kwi-M48, ngelixa ubukhulu be-imperial bugubungela ukusuka kwi-5/16 "ukuya kwi-2". Iibholiti zamehlo ezisemgangathweni zinoyilo olusisiseko kunye neso elijikelezayo kwelinye icala kunye ne-shank enentambo kwelinye. Zithelekelelwa kumthamo ohlukeneyo womthwalo, osuka kumakhulu ambalwa eekhilogram ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nebakala lemathiriyeli. Iibholiti zamehlo eziqhelekileyo zifanelekile kwizicelo zokuphakamisa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yokwakha, ukuvelisa, kunye nokugcinwa apho iimfuno zomthwalo zingaphakathi komthamo wazo ochaziweyo.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziNzima-Umsebenzi onzima: Yenzelwe imisebenzi yokuphakamisa enzima kakhulu, iibholiti zamehlo ezinobunzima obukhulu zenziwe ngobubanzi obukhulu kunye namanqina atyebileyo. Yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy ye-high-grade okanye i-premium stainless steel, inokusingatha imithwalo ephezulu kakhulu, ehlala idlula iitoni ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Ezi bholithi zibalulekile kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso ezifana neendawo zeenqanawa, ukwenziwa koomatshini abakhulu, kunye neeprojekthi zolwakhiwo olukhulu apho kufuneka khona ukuphakanyiswa kwamacandelo amakhulu. Iibholiti zamehlo ezinomsebenzi onzima zihlala zibonisa uyilo lwamehlo olomeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuncamathelwa okukhuselekileyo kwezilingi zokuphakamisa kunye namatyathanga.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziKhethekileyo:
Iibholiti zamehlo eziSwivel: Ezi bholithi ziyilwe ngendlela ejikelezayo esweni, evumela izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezincanyathiselweyo ukuba zijikeleze ngokukhululekileyo. Olu phawu lubalulekile kwizicelo apho umthwalo kufuneka uhanjiswe kwiindlela ezininzi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokujija kunye nokubopha izilingi zokuphakamisa. Iibholithi zamehlo ezijikelezayo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yecrane, ukurhwasha, kunye nokufakelwa koomatshini abakhulu abajikelezayo.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziLungisayo: Iibholiti zamehlo ezihlengahlengiswayo zinesixhobo esivumela ubude beso okanye indawo yokuncamathela ukuba ilungiswe. Oku kubonelela ngokuguquguquka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa, ngakumbi xa umphakamo okanye indawo yokuncamathela kufuneka iguqulwe ukuze ivumelane neejometri zomthwalo ezahlukeneyo. Ziluncedo kulwakhiwo, ekulondolozweni nasekulungiseni umsebenzi apho ukuguquguquka kubalulekile.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziKhuselekileyo: Kwiindawo zombane okanye eziphezulu ze-voltage, iibholiti zamehlo ezifakwe kwi-insulated zisetyenziswa. Ezi bhotshi zifakwe okanye zakhiwe ngezinto ezikhuselayo zokukhusela ukuqhutyelwa kombane, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomsebenzi wokunyusa kunye nabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo. Iibholiti zamehlo ezifakwe kwi-insulated zibalulekile ekuphakamiseni izixhobo zombane, ukusebenza kufuphi neentambo zombane, okanye nakweyiphi na imeko apho kukho iingozi zombane.
Ukuveliswa kokuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo kubandakanya amanyathelo achanekileyo amaninzi kunye nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwazo:
Ukulungiselela Izinto Eziluncedo: Izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ezifana neentsimbi zentsimbi okanye iintonga, zifunwa ngokucophelela. Izinto eziphathekayo zihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezoshishino. Izinto zentsimbi zisikwa zibe ngobude obufanelekileyo ngokwemigaqo yobungakanani bebholiti.
Ukubumba: Iibholithi zamehlo zesinyithi zenziwe ngeenkqubo ezitshisayo okanye ezibandayo. I-Hot-forging idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiibholiti ezinkulu nezinzima. Kule nkqubo, isinyithi sifudunyezwa kwisimo esithambileyo kwaye sibunjwe ngokusebenzisa ifa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza iliso kunye ne-shank. I-cold-heading isetyenziswe kwiibholiti ezincinci, apho isinyithi sifakwe kwifom efunwayo ngaphandle kokufudumeza, eyona nto isebenzayo kwimveliso ephezulu kwaye inokugcina ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional.
Umsonto: Emva kokwenza, iibholiti ziqhuba imisebenzi yokuthunga. Ukuqengqeleka komsonto yindlela ekhethwayo njengoko idala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda-ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kokukhathala kwebholithi. Idiyezi ezikhethekileyo zokuthunga zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwepitch yomsonto, iprofayili yomsonto, kunye nokuhambelana namandongomane ahambelanayo okanye imingxuma enemisonto. Kwiibholiti ezineemfuno ezithile zomsonto, ukuchaneka okongeziweyo kunokwenziwa.
Unyango lobushushu (yeebholiti zentsimbi yealloyi): Iibholithi zamehlo ezikwintsimbi exutywe nobushushu zinokungena kwiinkqubo zokunyanga ubushushu ezibandakanya ukucima, ukucima, kunye nokufudumeza. I-Anealing ikhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwintsimbi, ukucima kwandisa ukuqina kwayo, kwaye ukuvutha kubuyisela ubuninzi be-ductility ngelixa uphucula ukuqina. Ezi nkqubo ziphucula iipropathi zemishini yeebholiti, ezivumela ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuneko zamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphakamisa izicelo.
Unyango loMphezulu: Ukomeleza ukunganyangeki komhlwa, inkangeleko, kunye neepropathi ezisebenzayo, iibholithi zamehlo zesinyithi zinokungena kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. I-Zinc plating yonyango oluqhelekileyo olubeka umaleko we-zinc kwi-bolt surface, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lwe-corrosion. I-Hot-dip galvanizing inika i-zinc etyebileyo kunye neyomelele ngakumbi, ilungele usetyenziso lwangaphandle kunye nolungqwabalala lokusingqongileyo. Iibholithi zamehlo zentsimbi engenakutyiwa zinokuthi zingene kunyango lwe-passivation ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kwazo kwindalo. Kwezinye iimeko, iingubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neTeflon okanye i-anti-abrasion coatings zingasetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana okanye ukukhusela ukuguga ngexesha lokuphakamisa imisebenzi.
Ukuhlolwa koMgangatho: Yonke ibhetshi yokuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo ihlolwa ngokungqongqo. Ukutshekishwa kweDimensional kuyenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bebholiti, ubude, iinkcukacha zentambo, kunye nobungakanani bamehlo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho. Iimvavanyo zoomatshini, njengamandla okuqina, umthwalo wobungqina, kunye novavanyo lokudinwa, lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuqina kweebholiti. Kwizicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko, iindlela zovavanyo ezingonakalisi ezifana nokuhlolwa kwemagnethi okanye uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic zinokusetyenziselwa ukubona iziphene zangaphakathi. Iibholiti kuphela eziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zomgangatho ezivunyiweyo ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Unyango olungaphezulu lokuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo:
Ukufakwa kweZinc: I-Zinc plating ibandakanya ukucwiliswa kweebholiti kwisisombululo esicebileyo se-zinc ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-electroplating. Oku kubeka umaleko omncinci we-zinc kwi-bolt surface, esebenza njengomqobo wedini. I-zinc layer idla ngokufanelekileyo, ikhusela intsimbi engaphantsi kwi-rust and corrosion. I-Zinc plating ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko lokutya kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo zangaphandle ezingaphakathi kunye nezincinci.
Hot-Dip Galvanizing: Kwinkqubo ye-galvanizing ye-hot-dip, iibholiti ziqala ukuchithwa kwaye zityunjwe ukususa ukungcola komhlaba. Emva koko, ziyagungxulwa ukuqinisekisa ukumanziswa ngokufanelekileyo yizinc etyhidiweyo. Emva koko, iibholithi zintywiliselwa kwibhafu ye-zinc etyhidiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu elijikeleze i-450 - 460 ° C. I-zinc isabela ngentsimbi kwintsimbi ukwenza uluhlu lwezinki-iron alloy layers, ilandelwa yi-zinc ecocekileyo yangaphandle. Isiphumo sokugquma kwegalvanized singqindilili kwaye somelele, sinikezela ngokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, okwenza iibholithi zilungele ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphandle kunye neemeko ezirhabaxa.
I-Stainless Steel Passivation: Kwinsimbi engenasici ephakamisa iibholiti zamehlo, unyango lwe-passivation luhlala luqhutywa. Oku kubandakanya ukunyanga umphezulu webholiti ngesisombululo se-asidi sokususa naziphi na izinto ezingcolisa umphezulu, amasuntswana entsimbi, kunye nokwandisa umaleko we-asidi wendalo kwintsimbi engenasici. I-passivation iphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho i-ion chloride okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zinokuba khona.
Iingubo ezikhethekileyo: Ezinye iibholiti zamehlo eziphakamisayo zinokufumana iingubo ezikhethekileyo. Iingubo zeTeflon zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngexesha lokuxhamla kunye ne-detachment of lifting slings, ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba kwi-bolt kunye ne-slings. Iingubo ezichasene ne-abrasion zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-bolt surface kwi-scratches kunye nomonakalo obangelwa ukudibanisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa, ngokukodwa kwizicelo eziphezulu zokugqoka.
Iibholiti zamehlo eziphakamisayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi kunye nezicelo apho kufuneka imisebenzi yokuphakamisa kunye nokuphakamisa:
Ushishino loKwakha: Ekwakhiweni, ukuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa kunye nokufakela izinto zokwakha ezifana neepaneli zekhonkrithi zangaphambili, iintsimbi zentsimbi, kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu zomatshini. Zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni udibaniso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwezakhiwo, nokuba sisakhiwo sokuhlala, i-skyscraper yorhwebo, okanye indawo yoshishino.
Ishishini lokuVelisa: Kwizityalo zokuvelisa, ukuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo ziqeshwe ukuphakamisa oomatshini abanzima, amacandelo ngexesha lokuvelisa, kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zokuthutha. Zisetyenziselwa imigca yokuhlanganisa, iivenkile zoomatshini, kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla ukuhambisa kunye nokubeka izinto ezinkulu kunye ezinzima ngokuchanekileyo, ukuququzelela inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nemisebenzi ye-logistics.
Ishishini laseLwandle kunye ne-Offshore: Kumacandelo olwandle kunye nolwandle, ukuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa, ukulungiswa kweenqanawa, kunye nokwakhiwa kweqonga elingaphesheya. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa amacandelo eenqanawa zenqanawa, izixhobo zaselwandle, kunye nemisebenzi yokurhweba kwiinqanawa kunye nezakhiwo ezikude nonxweme. Iimfuno eziphakamileyo zokumelana ne-corrosion kule mimandla zihlala zikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwensimbi engenasici okanye i-hot-dip galvanized lifting bolts.
Ishishini lezoThutho: Kwishishini lezothutho, ukuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo kusetyenziselwa ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula imithwalo enzima kwiilori, oololiwe kunye neenqanawa. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezithuthi kunye neziseko zothutho, ezifana neenjini zokunyusa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye namacandelo ebhulorho ngexesha lokusevisa.
Ukuveliswa koMbane kunye noShishino oluSebenzayo: Kwizityalo zamandla, zombini izibonelelo zamandla ezishushu kunye nokuhlaziywa, ukuphakamisa iibholithi zamehlo zisetyenziselwa ukufakela nokugcina izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla, njengee-turbines, i-generator, kunye ne-transformers. Zikwabalulekile kumsebenzi oluncedo wokuphakamisa iipali zombane, ii-transformers, kunye nezinye izixhobo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokulungiswa komsebenzi.
Umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo: Iibholiti zamehlo eziphakamisayo ziyilelwe kwaye zenziwe ukuba zimelane nemithwalo ebalulekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwibakala lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu, banokuthwala imithwalo esuka kwiikhilogram ezimbalwa ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi. Lo mthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo uqinisekisa ukuphakanyiswa okukhuselekileyo kwezinto ezinzima kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nezicelo zokwakha.
Ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo: Ngenxa yeenkqubo eziqinileyo zokuvelisa kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula umgangatho, ukuphakamisa iibhotshi zamehlo kunika ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo ngexesha lokuphakamisa imisebenzi. Uvavanyo olungqongqo lwamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuthembeka kuqinisekisa ukuba iibholiti zinokuthenjwa ukuba zenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo.
Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nonyango oluphezulu olufana ne-hot-dip galvanizing, ukuphakamisa iibholiti zamehlo kunokumelana nokubola ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubenza bafaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingaphandle, zaselwandle, kunye neendawo ezinobungozi kwimizi-mveliso, ukwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza.
Ukuguquguquka: Ifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu, amandla omthwalo, kunye noyilo, ukuphakamisa iibholiti zamehlo kunokulungelelaniswa lula kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa. Ingaba ngumsebenzi olula wokuphakamisa okanye ukukhwabanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kukho imodeli efanelekileyo yokuphakamisa iliso yokuphakamisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo.
UkuFakela ngokulula kunye nokusetyenziswa: Ukuphakamisa i-bolts yamehlo kulula ukuyifaka, njengoko inokuthi ifakwe kwimingxuma yangaphambili okanye isetyenziswe ngamantongomane afanelekileyo. Uyilo lwazo olulula luvumela ukuncamathisela ngokukhawuleza ukuphakamisa izilingi, amatyathanga, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuqhafaza, ukuququzelela imisebenzi yokuphakamisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuseta kunye nokufakwa.