Ezi ziboli zolwakhiwo ikakhulu zisebenzisa intsimbi engenasiseko njengeziseko zezinto ezisisiseko, ezibeka kubo ngokuchaseneyo nokuziphatha okuhle kunye nokuqina.
p>Ezi ziboli zolwakhiwo ikakhulu zisebenzisa intsimbi engenasiseko njengeziseko zezinto ezisisiseko, ezibeka kubo ngokuchaseneyo nokuziphatha okuhle kunye nokuqina. Abasebenzi bensizi yensimbi exhaphakileyo bafaka abaquka ama-304 nowama-316. Inqanaba lama-304 lensimbi ibonelela ngoKhuseleko ngokubanzi - Injongo yokuBuyiselwa phakathi kokuboniswa kokusiNgqongileyo. Intsimbi yeBanga le-316, equkethe inani eliphezulu le-molybdenum, libonelela ngokuchasene nokuphuculwa kweekhemikhali, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo, ezenziweyo, kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha iikhemikhali.
I "HDG" kwigama lemveliso libhekisa kwi-dayvaning eshushu (i-HDG), unyango olongezelelekileyo. Emva kokuba iibhombu ezingenamthubi-zisenziwa, zintywiliselwa kwibhafu ye-zul enyangeni emalunga ne-450 ukuya kwi-460 ° C. I-zinc iphinda iphinde ibuyele kumphezulu wensimbi engenasibala ukwenza uthotho lwe-zinc - iron yensimbi, ilandelwa ngumaleko wangaphandle we-zinc. Olu phawu lukhulu kunye nolomeleleyo oluqinileyo luphucula ukumelana nokunyanzelwa kweebhotile, ukubonelela ngomaleko ongaphezulu kokukhuselwa kwizinto nokwandisa ubomi babo kwinkonzo.
Umgca wemveliso ye-ASTM A325 / A325m HDG STAINS-I-STEEL EGUNGY
I-metric esemgangathweni kunye nemodeli ye-imperial: Ngokuhambelana ne-ATTM A325 (i-Imperial) kunye neMigangatho ye-A325m (iMetric), ezi bolts ziyafumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwezeyi. Kwinkqubo ye-imperial, i-Diameters iqala ukusuka kwi-1/2 ukuya ku-1 ukuya kwi-1/1, ngelixa ikwinkqubo yemeriri, ukusuka kwi-M12 ukuya kwi-M36. Ubude beebhanti bungahluka kwi-2 "(okanye i-50mm) ukuya kwi-12" (okanye i-300mm) okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Iimodeli ezisemgangathweni zibonisa ukuba zigcwele intambo okanye isiqingatha sentambo. I-bolts ezigcwele intambo zinemithanga nganye, ibonelela ngentsebenzo engaguqukiyo, ngelixa isiqingatha sentambo sinemithanga yesabelo se-Shank, esiyingenelo kwinxalenye yesahlulo esingesosixhobo esingesositayile.
Umthwalo oPhakamileyo-Imodeli yamandla: Injineli yezakhiwo ezinzima zomsebenzi onzima, umthwalo ophezulu - ii-bolts ezinesakhono zenziwe ngeedayamitha ezinkulu kunye neentloko ze-hexrher chebhu zokubonisa imikhosi ye-tenstory kunye ne-Shear. Ezi bolts zihlala zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano olubalulekileyo lwezakhiwo ezinkulu ezikhulu, iibhulorho kunye namaziko emizi-mveliso. Balandela ngqo ngqo kwimozulu engqongqo kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi we-ASTM A325 / A325m, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo.
Iimodeli ezikhethekileyo-zesicelo: Kwimeko ezahlukileyo zokwakha, iimodeli zesicelo ezikhethekileyo ziyafumaneka. Oku kunokubandakanya ii-bolts ezinamatyaba athile athile, ubude bomzimba, okanye iimilo zentloko eziguqulweyo. Umzekelo, kwezinye uyilo oluntsonkothileyo, ii-bolts ezinemifula eyandisiweyo engafundiswanga okanye iiprofayili ezikhethekileyo ziyafuneka ukufezekisa indibano echanekileyo kunye nomthwalo-ukuthwala iimfuno. Ezi modeli zikhethekileyo-isicelo zisathobela i-Asstm ye-A325 / A325m ngelixa zibonelela ngezisombululo ezityunjiweyo zeeprojekthi ezithile.
Ukuveliswa kwe-ASTM A325 / A325m i-HDG-Intsimbi epheleleyo / isiqingatha sentambo i-hexagon ye-hexagon ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi ngelixa ihambelana ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho ye-ASTM kunye neMigangatho yoLawulo lwe-ASTM:
Ukulungiselela izinto: Izixhobo eziPhakamileyo eziPhakamileyo - Izinto ezingafunekiyo zentsimbi, ezinje ngemivalo yentsimbi okanye iintonga, zifakwe ngononophelo. Uvavanyo oluqukuqeyo lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ubume bekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womatshini wezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-ASTM A325 / i-A325 yamabakala achaziweyo. Izixhobo zentsimbi ezingalunganga ziya kuthi emva koko zinqunywe kubude obufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno ezithile ze-bolts.
Ukwenza: Iibhotile zentsimbi zenziwa ngokuqheleka kukubanda-ezintlukwano okanye iinkqubo ezishushu. Isihloko esibandayo sisetyenziselwa i-bolts ezincinci. Kule nkqubo, intsimbi engenanto - intsimbi yenziwa kwi-hex intloko enzima ye-hex kunye ne-bolt shank isebenza ngamanqanaba amaninzi. Le ndlela isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu kakhulu kwaye inokwenza iifomu zentambo ezichanekileyo kunye neemilo zebhotso ngelixa ugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yemigangatho ye-ASTM. Ukuxilongo okushushu kusetyenziswa kwii-bolts ezinkulu okanye eziphezulu, apho intsimbi ingenabala-i-steel ifudunyelelwa kwindawo enobungozi kwaye yolwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokufezekisa amandla afunekayo.
Ukungcungcutheka: Emva kokwenziwa, ii-bolts zisebenza kwimisebenzi. Ngeengxondorha ezigcweleyo, imisonto yenziwa ngaphaya kobude be-shank, ngelixa i-shank yentsimbi, imisonto isenziwa kuphela kwinxalenye echongiweyo. Ukuqengqeleka kwentambo yindlela ekhethiweyo njengoko kudala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukungakhathali kweebhanti. I-curing yentambo ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo yentambo, iprofayile, kunye nemilinganiselo ehambelana ngqo neemfuno ze-ASTM A325 / i-A325m, imingxunya ehambelana nayo kunye nemingxunya ehambelana nayo.
Unyango lobushushu (ukuba luyafuneka): Ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeka kwiBanga le-Steight Ess-Gqibezeli kunye neemfuno zesicelo, iibhotile zinokwenza ubushushu - iinkqubo zonyango. Heat treatment can optimize the mechanical properties of the stainless steel, such as enhancing its strength, hardness, and toughness, to meet the stringent performance requirements of structural applications specified in the ASTM standards.
Ishushu-dip ye-dipvaning: Iibhotile ezibekwe kuqala zicocwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze zisuse nayiphi na into engcolisayo, ioyile, okanye inqanaba. Emva koko, bavuthuza ukuze baqiniseke ukuba kufanelekile kwi-molten zinc. Emva koko, iibhloko zintywiliselwa kwibhafu yebhafu ye-zungu ezimalunga ne-450 ukuya kwi-460 ° C kwixesha elithile. Ngeli xesha lenkqubo, i-zinc yahluka kumphezulu wensimbi engenasimo, yenza uthotho lwe-zinc yabela abeki lwe-zinc Nje ukuba isuswe kwibhafu, iibhotile zivunyelwe ukuba zipholile, kwaye nayiphi na i-zinc isusiwe kakhulu. Inkqubo eshushu ye-DIP ye-dip ye-dip ye-DAGUP ibonelela nge-piest kunye nexesha elide lokukhusela.
Uvavanyo olusemgangathweni: Yonke i-buttts ye-bolts iphantsi kovavanyo oluqatha ngokungqinelana ne-ASTM A325 / A325m. Iitsheki zomhlaba zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi be-bolt, ubude, iinkcazo zentambo, ubungakanani bentloko, kunye nobunzima behlangabezana neemfuno ezimiselweyo. Iimvavanyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya amandla obunye, umthwalo oncedileyo, kunye neemvavanyo ezinzima, ziqhutywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-bolts zingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo echaziweyo kwaye ifezekise amandla kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo luqhutywa ukukhangela iziphene zemithombo, i-DIP eshushu kakhulu, kwaye nakuphi na ukuthobela iimfuno zomgangatho. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lokuchasana lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-HDG. Kuphela ziibhotile ezipasileyo zonke iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni zivunyiwe ukupakishwa kunye nokusasazwa.
Unyango lwe-dip-dip oshushu (i-HDG) lonyango lwe-HOP yinto ebalulekileyo eyongeza kakhulu ukusebenza kwezi ziboli zendlela:
Ngaphambi konyango: Ngaphambi kokuba ishushu-iDip ye-dip, i-bolts isebenza ngenkqubo yangaphambi konyango. Oku kuqalisa ngokukhululeka, apho i-bolts icocwe khona kusetyenziswa izinyibilikisi okanye izisombululo ze-alkaline ukususa nayiphi na ioyile, igrisi, okanye i-organic. Emva koko, ukuthathwa kwenziwe ngokufumana i-clelts kwisisombululo se-asidi (ihlala i-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid) ukususa i-rust, isikali, kunye nezinye iidipozithi ze-Inorganic. Emva kokuzithandela, iibhotile zigqunywe ngokupheleleyo ukuze zisuse nayiphi na i-acid yentsalela. Okokugqibela, inkqubo ye-fluing yenziwa, apho iibhotile zityibilika kwisisombululo seFlex. I-fluex inceda ekususeni nayiphi na i-oxis ye-oxis, iphucula indawo yokumanzi ye-bolt nge-binc, kwaye ithintela i-oxiving ngexesha lenkqubo ye-GANGANC.
Inkqubo eshushu-ye-dip ye-dip ye-dip: I-bolts ephathwayo zangaphambi kokuba intywiliselwe ibhafu ye-zuze encothuni emalunga ne-450 ukuya kwi-460 ° 2. Iqondo lokuhlalo eliphezulu le-zinc ibhafu ibangela ukusabela ngokwensini phakathi kwe-zinc kunye nentsimbi engenasithayithi. Ekuqaleni, ii-atom ze-zinc zahluthwa kwi-staight-substrate yentsimbi, zenza uthotho lwe-zinc-iron yentsimbi ye-iron ye-iron. Ezi ndawo ze-Alloty zibonelela ngobambiso obugqwesileyo phakathi kwe-zinc caides kunye nentsimbi yesiseko. Emva koko, umaleko ongaphandle we-zinc subn ifakwe ngaphezulu kwe-alloy lawo. Ubungqingqwa be-gaiden of therating bunokususela kwi-80 - 120 microns, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nohlobo lweebhloko, kunye neemfuno ezithile zemigangatho ye-ASTM kunye nesicelo.
Thumela-unyango: Emva kwe-dip ye-dip eshushu, i-bolts inokusebenza ngeposi-iinkqubo zonyango. Isikhundla esinye esiqhelekileyo - unyango luyenzeka, apho ii-bolts ziphathwa khona ngesisombululo sekhemikhali (ezinjenge-chromate-esekwe kwi-chromate-esekwe kwi-chromate-esekwe kwi-chromate-esekwe kwi-theider ecekeceke, ekhuselweyo yomgangatho we-zulc kumphezulu we-zinc. Olu nyango lokuphumelela luphucula ngakumbi ukuphucula ukunyangwa kokuhamba kwe-raintan, kuphucula imbonakalo yalo, kwaye lubonelela ngokhuseleko kumgaqo mhlophe. Ukongeza, iibhotile zinokuhlolwa nakuphi na ukungahambi kakuhle, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, banokufakwa kwiinkqubo zoomatshini njengokuxubha okanye ukudubula-dubula ukususa nayiphi na indawo.
I-ASTM A325 / A325m HDG STAINS-I-STEEL EGUNGIST
Ulwakhiwo loKwakha: Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezikhulu, ezi bolts zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imingxunya yentsimbi, iikholamu, kunye neeTrasti, zenza isakhelo sezakhiwo. Amandla abo aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki konyango oluhle, ephuculwe ngunyango lwe-HDG, qinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide kunye nentembeko yesakhiwo, nokuba yi-skyscraper, igumbi lokuhlala, okanye inyuka. Uyilo olugcweleyo / lwesiqingatha lwentambo luvumela ukuba bhetyebhetye kwaye lukhuseleke kwi-uqhagamshelo olwahlukileyo lwendlela, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoyilo nolwakhiwo.
Ulwakhiwo lwebhulorho: Iibhulorho zivezwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya ukufuma, ukugcwala kwabantu ezithuthukweni, kunye nezinto ezinobungozi. Ezi bolts zendlela eziyimfuneko ekuqhagamsheleni izinto zebhulorho, ezinjengesini, ii-piers, kunye nokuphelisa. I-ATTM-uyilo oluthobelayo kunye ne-HDG ye-HDG yenza ukuba iibhloko zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima, i-chibses, kunye nokuthambisa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kobomi bebhulorho.
IZIXHOBO ZONYANGO: Kwizityalo zemveliso, iZityalo, kunye nezixhobo zokwenza imveliso, ezi bolts zisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa oomatshini abanzima, izixhobo zezakhelo, kunye nezixhaso zesakhiwo. Umthwalo oPhilayo-kwimodeli yamandla inokumelana nemithwalo enzima yokusebenza kunye needrafti eziveliswe zizixhobo zomsebenzi. I-corrosion-ipropathi enganyangekiyo yentsimbi engenasimo, idityaniswa ne-HDG i-Piades, khusela ii-boltts ezivela kwi-Pill Baints, iiKhemikhali, kunye nokunciphisa umswakama, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwezommishishiyi.
Izakhiwo ezingasebenziyo kunye nolwandle: Kumaqonga asemazantsi, iinqanawa, kunye nokufakelwa kwaselwandle, apho imeko yetyuwa yetyuwa kunye neemeko ezinzima zihlala zihlala, ezi bolts zixabisa kakhulu. Ukunganyangeki kwentshukumo engaphezulu ye-316 yentsimbi, kunye nokhuseleko olongezelelweyo olunikezwe yi-HDG, ibenza babe nakho ukuthoba impembelelo yolwandle yamanzi olwandle, umswakama, kunye ne-atmospheres. Zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela izinto ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokukhuseleka kwezakhiwo elunxwemeni kunye nolwandle.
Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso: Kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezinje ngezityalo zamandla, iitow zosuso, kunye neendawo ezinkulu zonyango, ezi bolts zendlela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo. Ukuthobela kwabo imigangatho ye-ATTM ye-A325 / i-A32MM iqinisekisa umgangatho oguqukayo kunye nokusebenza, ngelixa unyango lwe-HDG lubonelela ngokukhuseleka kwezendalo kwindalo, igalelo kulondolozo lwenkonzo.
Amandla aphezulu kunye nomthwalo: Ukuthobela i-ASTM A325 / A325m, ezi bolts zibonelela amandla aphezulu kunye nomthwalo ogqwesileyo. Ziyilelwe ukumelana ne-tedile, isheranda, kunye nokunyamezela imithwalo, ibenza babe nonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo, ludityaniswe nokhetho olufanelekileyo lwebakala elingaqhelekanga - iBakala leSteel kunye nonyango lobushushu (ukuba luyasebenza), luqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezigqithisileyo.
Ukunganyangeki okuphezuluIndibaniselwano yezixhobo ezingenasitali-zensimbi kunye ne-dip eshushu-i-DIP ye-DIP ibonelela ngokuchaseneyo nokungaxhathisi. Intsimbi engenasitali sele ikhuselekile ekucocekeni kwendalo, kunye ne-HDG Coating yongeza umaleko ongezelelweyo wokuzikhusela kwizinto. Oku kwenza ukuba ii-bolts zilungele kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinobunxweme, kubandakanya iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni, izicelo zaselwandle, kunye nogcino lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokufakelwa kwee-scocimils, ukunciphisa iindleko zenkonzo yazo.
Uyilo olufanayo noluthembekileyo: Ukubambelela kwiMigangatho ye-A325 / i-A325m, ezi bolts zinikezela ngoyilo olukumgangatho omiselweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokushishina kunye nokujongi kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla. Amanyathelo asemgangathweni asemgangathweni ngexesha lokwenza imveliso, njengoko kufunwa yimigangatho, qinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza. Oku kumiselweyo kwenza lula ukuthengwa, ufakelo, kunye nezolondolozo, kunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo, kwaye unike uxolo lweempazamo, kwaye lubonelela ngoxolo lwengqondo, iikontraki kunye nabanini beeprojekthi.
Uyilo lwentambo yokuhamba: Ukufumaneka kwayo zombini intambo kunye neendlela zokukhetha ezinesiqingatha zibonelela ngokuqatha kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. I-bolts ezigcwele intambo zilungele izicelo apho kufuneka amandla evala i-valting tult, ngelixa i-bolts ye-store inokusetyenziselwa ukwabiwa komthwalo, ukunciphisa iimfuno zoyilo. Olu buqululi luvumela izisombululo ezikhutshelweyo ngokwezifiso zokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwakha ezahlukeneyo kunye nemizi mveliso.
Ukhuseleko oluhlala luhleliInkqubo eshushu ye-dip-dip ye-dip ye-dip ye-dipvaning idala i-zinc i-hinc ebonakalayo ehambelana kakuhle nendawo engenasithulo. Oku kuqalisa ukulungiselela ukubonelela ngokukhuselwa okungapheliyo ngokuchasene nokuzila, i-abrasion, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhlaselwa kwendalo. Iinkqubo zonyango-ezifana nokuphumelela, ukongeza ngakumbi ukuqina komda, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-bolts zigcina intsebenzo kunye nembonakalo yexesha elide, nkqu nakwimeko ezinzima.
Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyoKwizicelo zikalwakhiwo, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwezi bhanti kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwezakhiwo, iibhlorho, kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Amandla abo aphakamileyo, ukuxhathisa kwabo i-PROSION, kunye nokuThobela imigangatho ye-ASTM engqongqo abe negalelo kwingqibelelo yolwakhiwo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwezinto kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nepropathi.