
Ezi bholiti zolwakhiwo ikakhulu zisebenzisa intsimbi engenasici njengesiseko semathiriyeli, ezenza zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwesa kunye nokuqina.
Ezi bholiti zolwakhiwo ikakhulu zisebenzisa intsimbi engenasici njengesiseko semathiriyeli, ezenza zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwesa kunye nokuqina. Amanqanaba ensimbi engenasici asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka i-304 kunye ne-316. IBakala 304 insimbi engenasici inika i-general-stainless corrosion protection, eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo zangaphakathi kunye ezininzi zangaphandle kunye nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo okuphakathi. IBanga lama-316 insimbi engenastainless, equlethe umlinganiselo ophezulu we-molybdenum, inika amandla okuxhathisa imichiza arhabaxa, amanzi etyuwa, kunye neemeko ezimandundu, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi zolwakhiwo lwaselwandle, iikhemikhali kunye nolwaselunxwemeni.
"I-HDG" kwigama lemveliso libhekisela kwi-Hot - Dip Galvanizing (HDG), unyango olongezelelweyo lokukhusela. Emva kokuba iibholiti zentsimbi zenziwe, zintywiliselwa kwibhafu ye-zinc etyhidiweyo malunga ne-450 - 460 ° C. I-zinc isabela kunye nomphezulu wensimbi engenasici ukwenza uluhlu lwezinki - i-alloy layers yentsimbi, ilandelwa yi-zinc ecocekileyo yangaphandle. Olu gqumo lungqingqwa noluhlala luhleli luqhubela phambili ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwiibholiti, lubonelela umaleko owongezelelekileyo wokhuselo kwizinto kunye nokwandisa ubomi bazo benkonzo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezirhabaxa.
Umgca wemveliso we-ASTM A325/A325M HDG engenastainless-intsimbi igcwele/isiqingatha-intambo enzima ye-hexagon yeebholiti zesakhiwo iquka iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezihlelwe ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM, kunye nobungakanani, uhlobo lwentambo, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo:
Iimodeli zoMgangatho weMetric kunye neeMpari: Ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-ASTM A325 (imperial) kunye ne-ASTM A325M (metric), ezi zibhotshi zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu. Kwinkqubo yobukhosi, i-diameters isuka kwi-1/2 "ukuya kwi-1 - 1/2", ngelixa i-metric system, isuka kwi-M12 ukuya kwi-M36. Ubude beebholiti bunokwahluka kwi-2 "(okanye i-50mm) ukuya kwi-12" (okanye i-300mm) okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Imifuziselo eqhelekileyo inomsonto ogcweleyo okanye osisiqingatha. Iibholiti zemisonto ezigcweleyo zinemisonto ecaleni kobude be-shank yonke, zibonelela ngentsebenzo yokuqina ehambelanayo, ngelixa isiqingatha - iibholithi zomsonto zinemisonto kwinxalenye kuphela ye-shank, enenzuzo kwizicelo apho kufuneka isahlulo esingenantambo sinciphise ukukhuhlana okanye kumthwalo othile - iimfuno zokuhambisa.
Phezulu - Umthwalo - Iimodeli zesakhono: Yenzelwe usetyenziso olunzima lolwakhiwo, iibholiti zomthamo ophezulu-zinomthwalo omkhulu ziyilwe ngeedayamitha ezinkulu kunye neentloko ezishinyeneyo ze-hex ukujongana nokuqina okukhulu kunye nemikhosi yokucheba. Ezi bholithi zihlala zisetyenziswa kuqhagamshelo olubalulekileyo lwezakhiwo ezinkulu, iibhulorho, kunye nezibonelelo zoshishino. Babambelela ngokungqongqo kwiimfuno ezingqongqo kunye nokusebenza kwemigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezinzima.
Ezizodwa - Iimodeli zosetyenziso: Kwiimeko ezizodwa zokwakha, iimodeli ezikhethekileyo - izicelo ziyafumaneka. Ezi zinokubandakanya iibholiti ezinemisonto ethile, ubude besiko, okanye iimilo zentloko ezilungisiweyo. Umzekelo, kuyilo oluthile oluntsonkothileyo lwezakhiwo, iibholiti ezinamashanki awandisiweyo angenawo umsonto okanye iiprofayili zemisonto ezikhethekileyo ziyafuneka ukuhlangabezana nendibano echanekileyo kunye neemfuno ezithwele umthwalo. Ezi zikhethekileyo - iimodeli zesicelo zisathobela imigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M engundoqo ngelixa inikezela ngezisombululo ezilungiselelwe iiprojekthi ezithile.
Imveliso ye-ASTM A325/A325M HDG engenastainless-intsimbi egcweleyo/isiqingatha-intambo enzima ye-hexagon yeebholiti zesakhiwo ibandakanya amanyathelo achanekileyo amaninzi ngelixa ithobela ngokungqongqo imigangatho ye-ASTM kunye nomgangatho - amanyathelo olawulo:
Ukulungiselela Izinto Eziluncedo: Umgangatho ophezulu we-stainless - izinto zetsimbi eziluhlaza, ezinjengeentsimbi zetsimbi okanye iintonga, zixutywe ngokucophelela. Ukuhlolwa okungqongqo kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zemishini, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho ye-ASTM A325 / A325M kunye nemigangatho echaziweyo engenastainless. Izinto ezingenasici - izinto zetsimbi zinqunyulwa zibe ubude obufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zobukhulu obuthile beebholiti.
Ukubumba: Iibholithi zentsimbi ziqhele ukwenziwa ngokubanda-isihloko okanye kushushu-iinkqubo zokubumba. Okubandayo - isihloko siqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiibholiti ezincinci. Kule nkqubo, intsimbi engenastainless ibunjwe njengentloko enzima ye-hex kwaye i-bolt shank esetyenziswayo iyafa kwizigaba ezininzi. Le ndlela isebenzayo kwimveliso yevolumu ephezulu kwaye inokudala iifom zemisonto ezichanekileyo kunye neemilo zebholt ngelixa ugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-ASTM 'ukunyamezelana komgangatho. Kushushu - ukubumba isetyenziswa kwiibholiti ezinkulu okanye eziphezulu, apho intsimbi engagqwali - ifudunyezwa kwimo ethambileyo ize ibunjwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuphumeza amandla afunekayo kunye nokuchaneka komda ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM.
Umsonto: Emva kokwenza, iibholiti ziqhuba imisebenzi yokuthunga. Ukufumana i-bolts epheleleyo, iintambo zenziwe kunye nobude bonke be-shank, ngelixa isiqingatha-i-thread bolts, iintambo zenziwe kuphela kwisahlulo esikhethiweyo. Ukuqengqeleka kwemisonto yindlela ekhethwayo njengoko idala intambo eyomeleleyo ngokubanda - ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kokudinwa kweebholiti. Iidiyezi ezikhethekileyo zokuthunga zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pitch pitch, iprofayili, kunye nemilinganiselo ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zemigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana namantongomane ahambelanayo kunye nemingxuma enemisonto.
Unyango lobushushu (ukuba luyafuneka): Kwezinye iimeko, kuxhomekeke kwibakala elithile elingenasici - ibakala lensimbi kunye neemfuno zesicelo, iibholithi zinokungena kwiinkqubo zonyango zokushisa. Ukunyangwa kobushushu kunokwandisa iimpawu zemishini yentsimbi engenasici, njengokwandisa amandla ayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza kwezicelo zesakhiwo ezichazwe kwimigangatho ye-ASTM.
Kushushu - Dip Galvanizing: Iibholithi ezenziweyo ziqale zicocwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kususwe nakuphi na ukungcola, ioli, okanye isikali. Emva koko, ziyagungxulwa ukuqinisekisa ukumanziswa ngokufanelekileyo yizinc etyhidiweyo. Emva koko, iibholiti zintywiliselwa kwibhafu ye-zinc etyhidiweyo malunga ne-450 - 460 ° C ixesha elithile. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-zinc isasazeka kumphezulu wensimbi engenasici, isenza uluhlu lwezinki - i-iron alloy layers kunye ne-external layer ye-zinc ecocekileyo. Emva kokukhutshwa kwindawo yokuhlambela, iibholiti zivumelekile ukuba zipholile, kwaye nayiphi na i-zinc engaphezulu isusiwe. Le nkqubo ye-galvanizing eshushu-dip inika i-robust kunye ne-long-long-long-coating yokukhusela.
Ukuhlolwa koMgangatho: Yonke ibhetshi yeebholiti iphantsi kokuhlolwa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M. Iitshekhi ze-Dimensional zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bebholithi, ubude, iinkcukacha zentambo, ubukhulu bentloko, kunye nobukhulu buhlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo zomgangatho. Iimvavanyo zoomatshini, kubandakanywa amandla okuqina, umthwalo wobungqina, kunye novavanyo lobunzima, lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibholiti ziyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo echaziweyo kwaye zihlangabezane namandla kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Uhlolo olubonakalayo lwenziwa ukukhangela iziphene zomphezulu, ukushisa okufanelekileyo - ukugquma kwediphu yokugubungela, kunye nakuphi na ukungathotyelwa kweemfuno zenkangeleko yomgangatho. Ukongeza, i-corrosion - iimvavanyo zokuxhathisa zinokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-HDG coating. Iibholiti kuphela eziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zomgangatho ezivunyiweyo ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Unyango lomphezulu we-dip dip galvanizing (HDG) luphawu olubalulekileyo oluphakamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezi bholithi zesakhiwo:
Unyango lwangaphambili: Phambi kokuba kushushu-dip igalvanizing, iibholiti zingena kwinkqubo yonyango ecokisekileyo. Oku kuqala ngokunciphisa, apho iibholiti zicocwa ngokusebenzisa i-solvents okanye izisombululo ze-alkaline ukususa nayiphi na ioli, igrisi, okanye i-organic contaminants phezu komhlaba. Emva koko, ukukhethwa kuqhutyelwa ngokuntywiliselwa iibholiti kwisisombululo se-asidi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid) ukususa i-rust, isikali, kunye nezinye iidiphozithi ze-inorganic. Emva kokukhetha, iibholiti zihlanjululwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuze zisuse nayiphi na i-asidi eseleyo. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yokuguquguquka iyenziwa, apho iibholiti zifakwe kwisisombululo se-flux. I-flux inceda ukususa nayiphi na i-oksidi eseleyo, iphucula ukumanzisa kwendawo ye-bolt yi-zinc etyhidiweyo, kwaye inqande ukuphinda kufakwe i-oxidation ngexesha lenkqubo ye-galvanizing.
Kushushu - Dip Galvanizing Process: Iibholithi ezinyangwe kwangaphambili zintywiliselwa kwibhafu yezinki enyibilikisiweyo emalunga ne-450 - 460°C. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwebhafu ye-zinc kubangela ukusabela kwe-metallurgical phakathi kwe-zinc kunye ne-stainless - surface steel. Ekuqaleni, ii-athomu ze-zinc zisasazeka kwi-stainless - i-substrate yensimbi, eyenza uluhlu lwezinki - i-alloy alloy layers kunye neengoma ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zingqimba ze-alloy zibonelela ngokunamathela ngokugqwesileyo phakathi kwengubo ye-zinc kunye nesiseko sesinyithi. Emva koko, umaleko wangaphandle oshinyeneyo we-zinc ecocekileyo ufakwa ngaphezulu kwe-alloy layers. Ubukhulu bengubo ye-galvanized ingahluka ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-80 - 120 microns, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lweebholiti, kunye neemfuno ezithile zemigangatho ye-ASTM kunye nesicelo.
Isithuba - unyango: Emva kokutshisa i-galvanizing, iibholithi zinokungena kwiinkqubo zonyango. Esinye isithuba esiqhelekileyo - unyango luyi-passivation, apho iibholiti ziphathwa ngesisombululo sekhemikhali (ezifana ne-chromate-based based or non-chromate-based solutions) ukuze zenze uluhlu oluncinci, olukhuselayo lwe-oxide phezu kobuso be-zinc. Olu nyango lwe-passivation luphucula ngakumbi ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwengubo ye-galvanized, iphucula inkangeleko yayo, kwaye ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthile ekubunjweni komhlwa omhlophe. Ukongeza, iibholithi zinokuhlolwa naziphi na izitenxo zomphezulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, zinokulawulwa ziinkqubo zoomatshini ezinje ngokubrasha okanye ukudutyulwa - ukudubula ukususa nayiphi na i-zinc engaphezulu okanye ukugudisa umphezulu.
I-ASTM A325/A325M HDG engenastainless-intsimbi egcweleyo/isiqingatha-intambo enzima ye-hexagon bolts isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo olubalulekileyo kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso:
Ulwakhiwo lweZakhiwo: Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha, ezi bholithi zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iiplanga zetsimbi, iintsika, kunye neetrasi, ezenza isakhelo sesakhiwo sezakhiwo. Amandla abo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, okuphuculwe unyango lwe-HDG, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo sokwakha, nokuba yi-skyscraper yezorhwebo, indawo yokugcina i-industrial, okanye indawo yokuhlala ephakamileyo. Idizayini epheleleyo / enesiqingatha-intambo ivumela ukuqina okuguquguqukayo kunye nokukhuselekileyo kwiidibaniso ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho: Iibhulorho zisesichengeni seemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, kuquka ukufuma, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa yitrafikhi, kunye nezinto ezidlekayo. Ezi bholiti zolwakhiwo zibalulekile ekudibaniseni amacandelo ebhulorho, anje ngeebhanti, iibholiti, kunye nokuhombisa. I-ASTM - uyilo oluthobelayo kunye ne-HDG eqinileyo yokugquma yenza ukuba iibholithi zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima, ii-vibrations, kunye ne-corrosion, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kweziseko zebhulorho phezu kobomi bayo benkonzo.
Amaziko oShishino: Kwimizi-mveliso, iindawo zokucokisa, kunye neendawo zokuvelisa, ezi bholithi zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa oomatshini abakhulu, iifreyimu zezixhobo, kunye nezixhaso zesakhiwo. Imifuziselo yomthamo ophezulu-umthwalo unokumelana nomthwalo onzima wokusebenza kunye nokungcangcazela okwenziwa zizixhobo zoshishino. I-corrosion-resistant properties of the stainless steel, idityaniswe ne-HDG yokugqoka, ikhusela iibholithi kwizinto ezingcolisa i-industrial, iikhemikhali, kunye nomswakama, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo kwiindawo zoshishino.
Unxweme kunye neZakhiwo zaseLwandle: Kumaqonga angaphesheya kolwandle, iinqanawa, kunye nofakelo lwaselwandle, apho ukuvezwa kumanzi anetyuwa kunye nemekobume erhabaxa yaselwandle ihlala rhoqo, ezi bholithi zixatyiswe kakhulu. Ukuxhatshazwa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion ye-316 yensimbi engenasici, kunye nokukhuselwa okongeziweyo okunikezelwa nge-HDG yokugqoka, kubenza bakwazi ukujamelana nemiphumo ephazamisayo yamanzi olwandle, umswakama kunye ne-atmospheres yaselwandle. Zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo aselwandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwezakhiwo zaselwandle kunye nezaselwandle.
IiProjekthi zeziseko zophuhliso: Kwiiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nezixhobo zombane, iinqaba zothumelo, kunye neendawo ezinkulu zokucocwa kwamanzi, ezi bholithi zesakhiwo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo. Ukuthobela kwabo imigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M iqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo kunye nokusebenza, ngelixa unyango lwe-HDG lubonelela ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide kwizinto ezisingqongileyo, ezinegalelo ekuhlala kuyo yonke impilo kunye nobomi benkonzo yeziseko.
Amandla aphezulu kunye noMthwalo - Ukuthwala iSakhono: Ukuthobela imigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M, ezi bhotshi zinika amandla aphezulu kunye nomthwalo ogqwesileyo-umthamo wokuthwala. Ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane noxinzelelo olubalulekileyo, ukucheba, kunye nemithwalo yokudinwa, nto leyo ezenza zilungele uqhagamshelo olubalulekileyo lolwakhiwo kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lolwakhiwo nakwimizi-mveliso. Ukwakhiwa okuqinileyo, okudibaniswe nokukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwe-stainless - ibakala lensimbi kunye nonyango lokushisa (ukuba lukhona), luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezinzima.
Ukunyangwa kokuNgqwesa okuPhezulu: Ukudibaniswa kwezinto ezingenasici - isiseko sensimbi kunye neshushu - idip galvanizing inika ukuchasana kokugqwala okuphezulu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo sele ibonelela ngokhuseleko olululo lwendalo, kwaye i-HDG yokugquma yongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokuzikhusela kwizinto. Oku kwenza ukuba iibholithi zifaneleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibuhlungu, kubandakanywa iindawo eziselunxwemeni, izicelo zaselwandle, kunye neendawo zoshishino ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi babo benkonzo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza.
Uyilo olusemgangathweni noluthembekileyo: Ukuthobela imigangatho ye-ASTM A325/A325M, ezi bholithi zibonelela ngoyilo olusemgangathweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokutshintshana kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla. Umgangatho ongqongqo - amanyathelo okulawula ngexesha lokuvelisa, njengoko kufunwa yimigangatho, isiqinisekiso somgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza. Oku kubekwa emgangathweni kwenza lula ukuthenga, ukufakela, kunye neenkqubo zogcino, kunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo, kwaye kunika uxolo lwengqondo kwiinjineli, iikontraka, kunye nabanini beprojekthi.
Uyilo lwemisonto eNxulumene: Ubukho bezombini ezipheleleyo - intambo kunye nesiqingatha - iinketho zentambo zibonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Iibholiti zemisonto ezigcweleyo zifanelekile kwizicelo apho kufuneka i-uniform clamping force kunye nobude bonke bebholithi, ngelixa iibholiti ezinesiqingatha zingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komthwalo, ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana, okanye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo oluthile. Oku bhetyebhetye kuvumela izisombululo zokuqinisa ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo kunye neeprojekthi zoshishino.
Ukhuseleko olude: Inkqubo ye-galvanizing yediphu eshushu idala i-zinc engqingqwa kwaye ihlala ihlala njalo ibambelela kakuhle kumphezulu wentsimbi. Olu gquba lunika ukhuseleko oluhlala luhleli ekumdleni, ekudundukeni, nakwezinye iindlela zokuwohloka kwemekobume. Iinkqubo zonyango zesithuba, ezinje nge-passivation, ziphucula ngakumbi ukuqina kwengubo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibholiti zigcina ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokubonakala kwazo ngexesha elongeziweyo, nakwiindawo ezinomngeni kakhulu.
Ukhuseleko olomeleziweyo: Kusetyenziso lwezakhiwo, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwezi bholithi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwezakhiwo, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye iziseko. Amandla abo aphezulu, ukunganyangeki komhlwa, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho engqongqo ye-ASTM kunegalelo kwimfezeko yolwakhiwo ngokubanzi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nepropathi.