Wax soo wadaban
Hexagonal Flale Flaler Ilkaha Ilkaha Ilkaha Tooska ah
Xarkaha boorarka ayaa laga soo qaatay qalab kaladuwan oo kaladuwan, mid walbana waxaa loo xushay inuu buuxiyo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee codsiyada dibedda ee dibedda.
Sifo
faleefid
Wax soo saarka wax soo saarka
Xarkaha boorarka ayaa laga soo qaatay qalab kaladuwan oo kaladuwan, mid walbana waxaa loo xushay inuu buuxiyo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee codsiyada dibedda ee dibedda. Birta wasakhda leh waa ikhtiyaar caan ah oo caan ah sababta oo ah iska caabbinta ka reeban ee ka reeban. Darajooyinka sida 304 iyo 316 badanaa waa la istcimaalaa. 304 birta birta ah ee jaranjarada waxay bixisaa difaac guud oo wanaagsan - oo ka dhigaya mid ku habboon mashruucyada dafirka ee bannaanka ee bannaanka u soo bandhiga jawiga dhexdhexaadka ah. 316 Birta aan birta lahayn, oo muujinaya caabbinta molybdeum, waxay siisaa iska caabin ka sareysa xaaladaha adag, oo ay kujirto biyo adag, kiimikooyin, iyo cimilo ba'an, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ku habboon milixyada xeebta ah.
Birta loo yaqaan 'gelvanand bir' waa wax kale oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo. Boorashkan ayaa maraya geedi socodka Galvanization, ha ahaato kuleylka - DIP Gipt Galvanizing ama Electroplation. Kuleylka kulul - boolal daloolka ah ee loo yaqaan 'gip' Boorashyada korantada ee korantada ayaa bixiya khafiif laakiin lakabka zinc wax ku ool ah, oo bixiya kharash - badbaado lafiliyo oo wax ku ool ah codsiyada daweynta ee dalbata codsiyada daweynta.
Xaaladaha qaarkood, naxaasta naxaasta ah waa la adeegsadaa. Naper waxay leedahay guryo dabiici ah oo dabiici ah oo ay ku horumariso wakhti qurux badan oo qurux badan, oo kor u qaadi karta rafcaanka qurxinta ee dekadda. Naxaasyada 'pepper' - Bacroosyada 'aleot' Inta badan waxaa loo doortaa mashaariicda deganaanshaha ama qurxinta oo ay ku jiraan meelaynta meelaynta iyo rafcaanka muuqaalka iyo rafcaanka muuqaalka ay muhiim yihiin.
Madaxa boorarka lagu jaro waxaa laga samayn karaa isla maaddooyinka sida shaanka ama soo bandhigaya jaakad dheeri ah. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah boolalka qaloocadaha birta ah - birta lagu jaro ee loo yaqaan 'okside' oo loo yaqaan 'okside' oo qurux badan oo ku dahaadha muuqaal aad u qurux badan, halka sidoo kale lakabka dheeriga ah ee kahortaga xoqidda yar yar iyo xirashada dusha sare.
Moodooyinka wax soo saarka
Khadka wax soo saarka ee jajabinta boolal ayaa ka kooban moodallo kala duwan oo loo yaqaan 'Cabbirro' oo loo yaqaan 'Cabbir, nooca madaxa, naqshad xargaha, iyo dhererka:
Boogaha caadiga ah: Kuwani waa nooca ugu caansan, oo lagu heli karo cabbirro badan oo kala duwan. Cabbirrada metrik caadi ahaan waxay u dhexeeyaan m4 ilaa M6 ilaa M6, halka cabirka Impenies uu ka daboolayo # 8 illaa # 10. Xargaha deganaanshaha caadiga ah ayaa badanaa muujiya cayayaan - madax ama fidsan - madax-qabad madaxeed. Bugle - madaxa waxaa loogu talagalay in waxoogaa yar lagu muujiyo qoryaha, abuurista dusha daadku iyo yareynta halista in lagu tuuro ama tuujinayo. Flat - madaxa madaxa, dhinaca kale, fadhiiso ku daadsho dusha sare, adoo siinaya muuqaal jilicsan. Xirmooyinka caadiga ah waxay leeyihiin qaab adag oo xarig ah oo lagu hagaajinayo si loogu qodbo alwaax, oo hubiya in xajin adag.
Qarsoon - Qaboojiyaha Xirmooyinka: Injineer u ah dhammaystirka suuxinta, qaddarka qaddarka xargaha ee xargaha leh waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu rakibo hab madaxa madaxa laga arki karo dusha sare. Xirmooyinkan ayaa badanaa ka shaqeeya xajmiga qaaska ah ama nidaamyada qaddarka qaddarka. Waxaa lagu heli karaa dherer kala duwan iyo cabirro si ay u habeeyaan xargaha qarka dhexe ee guddiga iyo rarida rakibidda. Xirmooyinka qaddarka ee qarsoon - xargaha xarkaha ayaa caan ku ah mashruucyo deganaansho sare leh halkaas oo si aan kala go 'lahayn oo loo nadiifiyo la doonayo.
Koontaroolka boorarka: Gaar ahaan loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo qalabka wax lagu keydiyo ee ka kooban, boolalkani waxay leeyihiin naqshad xarig gaar ah. Xargaha ayaa inta badan ka badan iyo xanaaq badan marka loo eego qoryaha dhaqanka - daboolka daboolka. Naqshaddaani waxay ka hortagtaa kala-goynta sheyga isku-darka inta lagu gudajiro rakibaadda oo ay siiso xajin aamin ah. Boorarka lagu jajabiyo waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigi karaan dabool qaas ah ama shey maaddo ah si looga hortago daxada Galvanic marka lala xiriirayo agabyada ka kooban, kuwaas oo inta badan ka kooban qaybo bir ah.
Xadhiga culus ee khiyaanada: Mashaariicda khafiifka ah ama mashruucyada dejinta ganacsiga, boolal daboolan waajibaadka shaqada ayaa la heli karaa. Qalabkaan waxaa lagu sameeyaa dhexroor ballaaran iyo shanks dhumuc weyn, caadi ahaan laga bilaabo sareeya - xoogga bir-qabad-biyo-mareen ah ama bir bir ah. Waxay u adkeysan karaan xamuul oo aad u weyn oo culeys badan, sida kuwa ka soo jeeda taraafikada cagaha culus, alaabta guriga, ama qalabka banaanka. Boolal culus oo culus ayaa had iyo jeer soo gala dherer dheer si ay u hubiyaan in xajin aamin ah iyada oo loo marayo lakabyo badan oo ah qalabka qashinka iyo qaab-dhismeedka taageerada.
Habka wax soo saarka
Soosaarka boolalka daboolka ayaa ku lug leh tillaabooyin badan oo sax ah iyo tayo tayo leh - oo ah tallaabooyin xakameyn ah:
Qalabka diyaarinta: Alaabada ceyriinka tayada leh ee tayada leh, sida ulaha saqafka ah - bir-bir-bir ah, giraanta - silig bir ah, ama naxaas ah - si taxaddar leh ayaa loo dhajiyay. Qalabka waxaa loo baarayaa ka kooban kiimikada, guryaha farsamada, iyo tayada dusha sare si loo hubiyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka wax soo saarka. Alaabada birta ah ayaa markaa loo gooyaa dherer ku habboon iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha cabirka daboolka.
Samaynrid: Xirmooyinka birta ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu sameeyaa iyada oo loo marayo qabow - cinwaan ama hanaanno kulul. Qabow - Cinwaanka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa boolal yar-yar oo yaryar. Hawshan, birta waxaa loo qaabeeyey madaxa laga rabay, shank, iyo foomamka dunta iyadoo la adeegsanayo marxalado badan. Qaabkani wuxuu ku habboon yahay soosaarka mugga sare - wuxuu abuuri karaa foomamka muujinta saxda ah iyo qaababka daboolka. Kuleyl - cafiyin ayaa lagu dabaqayaa boolal waaweyn ama ka sareeya - halkaas oo birta lagu kululeeyo dowlad xayeysiin ah ka dibna ay ku dhegan tahay cadaadis loo baahan yahay iyo saxnaanta loo baahan yahay.
Xargaha: Ka dib markii la sameeyo, boolalka boolalku waxay maraan hawlgallada xaragada. Qurbaha - Qulqulka daboolka, xaraashka khaaska ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu abuuro isku-dhafan - naqshad xarig oo kor u qaadaya qulqulka qoryaha. Xarig xadhiggu waa hab la doorbido maadaama ay ku abuurtay xarig xoog leh oo qabow - ka shaqeynta birta, hagaajinta caabbinta caabbinta ka hortagga daboolka. Wixii loogu talagalay boorarka qashinka, geedi socodka daloojinta ayaa la isku hagaajiyaa si loo haqabtiro shuruudaha gaarka ah ee agabyada ka kooban, hubinta rakibaadda amaanka iyo waxyeelo la'aan - bilaash.
Qaabka madaxa: Madaxa daboolka goynta ayaa loo qaabeeyey iyadoo la raacayo qaabeynta la doonayo, sida cayayaanka - madaxa ama fidsan - madaxa. Aalado khaas ah oo dhinta ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hubiyo in madaxa uu leeyahay qaabka saxda ah, cabirka, iyo xagal. Boorarka qarsoon ee qarsoon - mashiinnada dheeraadka ah, mashiinno dheeraad ah ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo in lagu abuuro astaamo u oggolaanaya rakibaadda saxda ah ee nidaamyada qaddarka qarsoon.
Daaweynta kuleylka (loogu talagalay qaar ka mid ah qalabka xoogga badan): Xirmooyinka laga sameeyay agabyada xoogga badan sida birta aloy-ka ah ayaa lagu sameyn karaa hanaanka daaweynta kuleylka ah. Gargaarka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu yareeyo culeyska gudaha, oo demisa adkaanta, iyo qabowgu waxay dib u soo celinayaan xoogaa xoogaa ah oo ay wanaajiyaan adkaanta. Hawlahaan ayaa kor u qaadaya guryaha farsamada ee boolalka si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha dalbata ee codsiyada deganaanshaha waajibka ah.
Golaha iyo baakadaha: Ka dib markii boolal la soo saaro, waa la shiraayaa (haddii lagu dabaqi karo, sida nidaamyada qaddarka qarsoon - ka dibna baakado. Baakaduhu badanaa waxaa ku jira talaabooyin ilaalin ah si looga hortago waxyeelada inta lagu keydiyo iyo gaadiid, waxaana sidoo kale ku jiri kara macluumaad ku saabsan faahfaahinta sharaxaada, qalabka, iyo codsiyada lagu taliyay.
Habka Daweynta Dusha
Si kor loogu qaado waxqabadka iyo muuqaalka boolalka daboolka, hanaannada dusha sare ee dusha sare ayaa la dalbadaa:
Galvanization: Sida aan soo sheegnay, Galvanization-ka waa daweyn dusha sare ah oo loogu talagalay boolal goynta birta. Kuleyl - DIP Gips Gipvanizing-ka wuxuu ku lug leeyahay dadka gadhka ku dhexjiraya boolalka ku jira weelka zint ee la shubay, taasoo dhalisay qaro weyn, oo u hoggaansan zinc. Qeybtaan waxay bixisaa iska caabin aad u fiican oo caabbinta ah iyadoo loo eedeeyo lakabka zinc si loo ilaaliyo birta salka ku haya. Ka-hortagga korantada ayaa dhigaya lakab khafiif ah oo ah zinc dusha sare ee dusha sare ee hanaanka korantada, oo bixiya kharash badan - ikhtiyaar wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay jawiga yar ee jawiga yar.
Soosaarid la'aan - birta birta: Xirmooyinka jajabinta birta ee birta ayaa laga yaabaa inay maraan geedi socodka xaadirka ah. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay daaweynta dusha sare ee lagu daaweeyo xalka aashitada si looga saaro wax wasakhaysan oo dusha sare ah iyo cilado, iyo in lagu xoojiyo lakabka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ee dusha sare - bir bir ah. Naafoku wuxuu wanaajiyaa iska caabbinta qaddarka ee boorarka saqafka ah - birta birta, gaar ahaan jawiga bannaanka ee bannaanka.
Daaha iyo tuurista: Qaar ka mid ah boolal daboolaya waxay helayaan jaakad dheeri ah ama tacliin loogu talagalay waxqabadka la xoojiyay iyo suuxinta. Tusaale ahaan, daboolida madow okside-ga waxaa lagu dabaqayaa boorarka saqafka ah ee birta si loo siiyo dhameystiran madow, oo aan kaliya u muuqan mid soo jiidasho leh laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku siisaa xoogaa kahortaga xoqidda dusha sare. Dahaarka budada ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dabaqo dhameystirka joogtada ah, midab leh oo lagu dhajinayo boolal, oo bixiya labadaba iska caabbinta dhirta iyo kor u qaadista suuxinta. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, boolalka qaar waxay yeelan karaan dabool saliida leh si loo yareeyo kala-goynta inta lagu gudajiro rakibaadda, taasoo fududeynaysa in lagu kaxeeyo boolalka qoryaha ama shey isku dhafan.
Baaxadda Codsiga
Xarkaha boorarka ayaa ugu horrayn loo isticmaalaa dhismaha iyo dayactirka denqoorka bannaanka:
Deeqyada Deganaanshaha: Dhismaha deganaanshaha, boolal daboolan ayaa muhiim u ah iskudhiska alwaaxyada alwaaxa ama unugyada ka-qaybqaadashada qaab dhismeedka salka ku haya. Waxay hubiyaan xiriir aamin ah oo deggan, oo u oggolaanaya den-ka si ay uga hortagto taraafikada cagaha, alaabta guriga bannaanka, iyo xaaladaha cimilada kala duwan. Noocyada madadaalada iyo naqshadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dooran karaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo doorbidyada suuxsan ee milkiileyaasha guryaha, oo ah bugle-ka - madax-bannaanadaha madaxa ee muuqaalka dhaqameed iyo xargaha xargaha ee muuqaalka casriga ah, ee muuqaalka ah.
Xirmooyinka ganacsiga iyo dadweynaha: Dhismooyinka ganacsiga, sida maqaayadaha meelaha cuntada bannaanka ka baxsan, hoteelada leh barkadaha barkadaha, ama jardiinooyinka dadweynaha leh ee ku yaal boodhka, boolal daboolan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara. Boolalada khafiifka ah ee culus - waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyadan si loo maareeyo xamuulka sare iyo isticmaal badan oo isdaba joog ah. Guryaha loo adkeysto ee boolalka ee boolalku waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu yihiin goobaha ganacsiga si loo hubiyo cimri dheer ee muddada dheer iyo nabadgelyada dekadda.
Depk dib u cusboonaysiinta iyo hagaajinta: Inta lagu gudajiro dayactirka depk iyo mashaariicda dayactirka, boogaha daboolka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu beddelo xargaha hore ama waxyeelo leh. Isukeenista rakibaadda iyo qaddarka lagu kalsoonaan karo ayaa ka dhiga kuwo ku habboon dib u soo celinta daacadnimada denk. Mashaariicda dib-u-cusboonaysiinta, noocyada kala duwan ee boorarka lagu jajabiyo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu cusboonaysiiyo muuqaalka sagxadda, sida u beddelashada boorarka qaddarka qarsoon ee muuqaalka casriga ah.
Mashaariicda Dejinta Gaarka ah: Xarkaha boorarka ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa mashaariicda dejinta khaaska ah, sida dekedaha sabeeya, daloolada kor u kacaya, ama depes leh naqshado gaar ah. Xaaladahan, cabirka ku habboon, dhererka, iyo nooca shaxanka ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu soo xusho iyadoo lagu saleynayo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee mashruuca si loo hubiyo rakibaad aamin ah oo xasilloon.
Faa'iidooyinka wax soo saarka
Caabbinta ugu sareysa: Haddii laga sameeyay bir bir ah, bir bir ah, bir bir ah, ama naxaas ah - allen, allens boolal daboolaya waxay bixiyaan iska caabin heer sare ah Tani waxay muhiim u tahay codsiyada dibedda, maadaama dekedaha ay si joogto ah ugu dhacaan qoyaan, iftiinka qorraxda, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee deegaanka. Guryaha hufnaanta - sifooyinka iska caabinta ahi waxay hubiyaan cimri dheer ee muddada dheer - iyo isku hallaynta denk, oo yareynaysa baahida loo qabo beddelaad isdaba-joog ah ee xargaha.
Adkee: Naqshadeynta khaaska ah ee lagu dejinayo boolal-goynta, sida qalalaasaha loo yaqaan 'alwaax' ama xargaha u gaarka ah ee agabyada isku-dhafka ah, waxay bixiyaan xajin aamin ah. Tani waxay ka hortageysaa guddiyada guryaha ka soo baxa inay furfuraan ama is beddelaan waqti ka dib, iyagoo hubinaya badbaadada iyo xasilloonida dekadda. Isku-darka xariga daboolka iyo qaabeynta madaxdu waxay sidoo kale ka caawineysaa u qaybi culayska si siman, yareynta halista kala-goynta maaddada qashinka.
Rafcaan aad u badan: Noocyo kala duwan oo madax ah, ayaa dhammeystiran, iyo midabada la heli karo, boolal daboolan ayaa kor u qaadi kara suuxdinta guud ee dusha sare ee dekadda. Bugle - xoqida madaxa waxay abuuraan dusha sare, daad daadsan, halka saldhiga qarsoon - xargaha xargaha loo yaqaan 'Fastrener' Calool midab leh ama daboolan ayaa lagu dhejin karaa shey meesha lagu dhex daro si loo dhexgalo ama loo abuuro saameyn isbarbar dhigaya, oo ku daraya rafcaanka muuqaalka ah ee bannaanka bannaanka.
Kala duwan: Qulqulka boolalku waxay ku yimaadaan cabbirro ballaaran, dherer, iyo agabyo, taasoo ka dhigaya mid ku habboon noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka guryaha, oo ay ku jiraan alwaax, oo ay kujiraan, iyo PVC. Moodooyin kaladuwan ayaa lagu xusi karaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee mashruuca, sida dhumucda guddiyada goynta, nooca dhaleeceynta, iyo culeyska la filayo. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa qaab dhismeedka dabacsan iyo xulashooyinka rakibaadda ee mashaariicda dejinta kala duwan.
Fududeynta rakibaadda: Xirmooyinka boorarka ayaa si fudud u sahlan in lagu rakibo, xitaa kuwa xamaasada leh. Naqshadeyntaadu waxay u oggolaaneysaa si dhakhso ah oo toos ah oo toos ah oo ku dhex jira walxaha goynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo aaladaha caanka ah sida kuwa xargaha xargaha ama xoqida. Helitaanka boolal leh xirmooyin saliiyin leh ama talooyin qodista ah ayaa sii saadaalinaya nidaamka rakibaadda, yareynta waqtiga iyo dadaalka looga baahan yahay dhismaha detk ama dayactirka.
nala soo xiriir
Alaabada laxiriira
Hexagon oo ololeyaal is-taaban kara
Hex madaxa-qodista boolalka is-qodaya ayaa sida caadiga ah laga soo saaraa waxyaabo badan oo qalabyo badan oo waxqabadka sare ah, mid walbana loo xushay inuu buuxiyo baahiyaha gaarka ah ee dalabka. Kaarboon birta waa shey si caadi ah loo isticmaalo, gaar ahaan fasalada sida 45 # iyo 65mn.
Lo'a lowska
Miraha Weld waxaa ugu horreyn laga soo qaatay alaabada ka hor tagi kara heerkulka sare iyo walaaca farsamada ee hannaanka alxanka iyadoo la hubinayo waxqabadka xajinta lagu kalsoonaan karo. Hoos u yar - gawaarida kaarboonka ayaa ah waxyaabo caadi ah oo loo adeegsado sabab u ah deganaashadeeda ugu fiican.
Lugta indhaha
Mideecada indhaha ayaa sida caadiga ah laga soo qaatay qalabka xoogga sare si loo hubiyo waxqabadka lagu kalsoonaan karo ee ku hoos jira xamuul muhiim ah.
Shark Fanspions
Raxeezeizeitize Antize anti skidin skid steels xarkaha lagu dhisayo sareeya - xoogga kaarboon salka ah sida sheyga saldhigga ah, oo hubinaya culeys aad u fiican - kartida farsamada.
Xoog sare oo kacsan oo ah Hexan
Cherbon Steel Black Staln Stal Hexagonle Fle6921 Heerka 10.9 hex Flenge
Idaha u fidinta
Dacwadaanada gacanta ee 'O / indhaha' ayaa inta badan laga dhisayaa agab aad u sarreysa si loo hubiyo culayska la isku halleyn karo - hirgelinta waxqabadka iyo cimri-galka. Isha isha, waa qayb muhiim ah oo ku xidha xadhkaha, fiilooyinka, ama silsiladaha, caadiyan waxaa laga sameeyaa bir bir ah oo marayo kulaylka.
Qufulka lowska
Nylon Gali Check Chexs Chexs ayaa ugu horreyn ka kooban laba qalab oo waaweyn: jidhka lowska iyo galka nylon. Jirka lowska ah waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa birta kaarboon sareeya oo tayo sare leh, bir bir ah, ama bir bir aan lahayn, mid kasta oo la xushay oo ku saleysan baahida codsi ee gaarka ah.
Suufka guga
Guryaha gu'ga ayaa inta badan lagu sharraxay agab tayo sare leh si loo hubiyo waxqabadka la isku halleyn karo iyo cimri dherer. Kaararka kaarboonku waa shey si weyn loo isticmaalo, badiyaa fasalada sida 65mn ama 70, oo kululaan kara - oo lagu daaweyn karo si kor loogu qaado ciribtirka iyo caabbinta daalka.
Xadhiga Madaxa Guryaha ee Guryaha
Dacromet Pangake madaxa is-qodashada-qodista ah ayaa laga soo qaatay qalabyo badan oo waxqabadka sare ah, si taxaddar leh loo xushay inay buuxiyaan dalabyada dalabka kaladuwan. Kaarboon Birta waa qalab saldhig caadi ah oo caadi ah, gaar ahaan fasalada sida 45 # iyo 65mn.
NYLON COMENT OO KU SAABSAN XARUNTA XARUNTA
Nylon Cabbirka Cabbirka Cabbirka ee Cabbirka ee 'Cheff' Cheffs 'oo ah boolal qodista ah ayaa ugu horreyn lagu been abuuro tayo sare oo tayo sare leh, polymoplas poly poly polymer caan ah oo loogu talagalay dhismaheeda heer sare ah iyo kiimikada.
Lowska jilicsan
Miraha khafiifka ah ayaa sida caadiga ah laga soo saaraa agabyo kaladuwan oo kaladuwan, oo kasta oo lagu xushay ee ku saleysan shuruudaha codsiyada gaarka ah iyo baahida waxqabadka.
Koobka Hexgon Track Track
Xirmooyinka mashiinka ee Kindeled Hex Singsalka ee King Singsal ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu farsameeyaa agab tayo sare leh si loo hubiyo cimri dherer iyo waxqabadka xajinta lagu kalsoonaan karo. Kaarboon birta waa shey saldhig ah oo caadi ah, gaar ahaan fasalada sida 4.8, 8.8, iyo 10.9.
Lowska labajibaaqda
Miraha laba jibaaran ayaa sida caadiga ah laga soo saaraa waxyaabo badan oo tayo sare leh oo tayo sare leh, mid walbana waxaa loo xushay inuu buuxiyo shuruudaha waxqabadka gaarka ah.
4.8 Heerka
GB5783 buluug buluug zinc zinc ah oo bir ah oo bir ah oo bir ah ayaa inta badan ka faa'iideysata birta kaarboonka ah sida ashyaa'da salka, sida caadiga ah fasalada sida 4.8, 8.9, iyo 10.9.
Birta shilalka birta ee birta ah ee birta
Din933 Ms hex lolts-ka ayaa laga soo qaatay agabyada kaladuwan, oo leh bir kaarboon ah, oo lagu heli karo heerar badan oo awood badan sida 4.6, 5.8, 8.9.
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