
Aya mabhaudhi ezvimiro anonyanya kushandisa simbi isina tsvina sechigadziko zvinhu, izvo zvinovapa kunaka kwakanakisa kushora uye kusimba.
Aya mabhaudhi ezvimiro anonyanya kushandisa simbi isina tsvina sechigadziko zvinhu, izvo zvinovapa kunaka kwakanakisa kushora uye kusimba. Stainless simbi mamakisi anowanzo shandirwa anosanganisira 304 uye 316. Grade 304 Stainless simbi inopa yakanaka general - chinangwa kudzivirira ngura, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera yemukati uye yakawanda yekunze application ine mwero kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Giredhi 316 simbi isina simbi, ine chikamu chepamusoro che molybdenum, inopa kwakawedzera kuramba kumakemikari ane hutsinye, mvura yemunyu, uye mamiriro akanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzika yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvemugungwa, zvemakemikari, uye zvemahombekombe.
Iyo "HDG" muzita rechigadzirwa inoreva Kupisa - Dip Galvanizing (HDG), imwe yekuwedzera kurapa kwekudzivirira. Mushure mekunge mabhaudhi esimbi asingasviki akaumbwa, anonyudzwa mune yakanyungudutswa zinc yekugezera panosvika 450 - 460 ° C. Iyo zinc inopindirana nepamusoro pesimbi isina tsvina kuti iite nhevedzano yezinc - iron alloy layers, ichiteverwa neakachena zinc yekunze layer. Iyi yakakora uye yakasimba yekuvharisa yakanamirwa inosimudzira kuramba kwemarara emabhaudhi, ichipa imwezve dhizaini yekudzivirira kubva kuzvinhu uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakaoma.
Mutsara wechigadzirwa cheASTM A325/A325M HDG isina tsvina - simbi izere/hafu - shinda inorema hexagon yemaitiro mabhaudhi inotenderedza mhando dzakasiyana dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvinoenderana neASTM zviyero, pamwe nehukuru, shinda yemhando, uye mutoro - kutakura simba:
Standard Metric uye Imperial Models: Maererano neASTM A325 (imperial) uye ASTM A325M (metric) zviyero, mabhoti aya anowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana. Kune iyo yehumambo system, madhayamita anowanzo kubva pa1/2" kusvika 1 - 1/2", asi ari mumetric system, anobva kuM12 kusvika M36. Hurefu hwemabhaudhi hunogona kusiyana kubva pa2" (kana 50mm) kusvika 12" (kana 300mm) kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Mamodheru akajairika anoratidza angave akazara - shinda kana hafu - shinda dhizaini. Yakazara - tambo mabhaudhi ane shinda pamwe nehurefu hweshank, ichipa kusimba kwekuita, nepo hafu - tambo mabhaudhi ane tambo pachikamu chete cheshank, iyo inobatsira kune maapplication apo chikamu chisina-shinda chinodiwa kuderedza kukweshera kana kune chaiyo mutoro - kugovera zvinodiwa.
High - Load - Capacity Models: Yakagadzirirwa inorema - basa zvimiro zvekushandisa, yakakwira - mutoro - mabhaudhi anogadzirwa ane madhayamita akakura uye akakora hex misoro yekubata yakakura tensile uye shear masimba. Aya mabhaudhi anowanzo shandiswa mukukosha kwekubatanidza zvimiro zvezvivakwa zvakakura, mabhiriji, uye zvivakwa zveindasitiri. Ivo vanonyatsoomerera kune zvakaomesesa dimensional uye kuita zvinodiwa zveASTM A325/A325M zviyero, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakavimbika pasi pemitoro inorema uye yakanyanyisa mamiriro.
Special - Application Models: Kune akasiyana ekuvaka mamiriro, akakosha - mamodheru ekushandisa anowanikwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mabhaudhi ane shinda chaiyo, kureba, kana maumbirwo emusoro akagadziridzwa. Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe madhizaini akaomarara, mabhaudhi ane akatambanudzwa asina-shinda akarukwa shanks kana nyanzvi yeshinda profiles anodiwa kuti asangane neiyo chaiyo gungano uye mutoro - unotakura zvinodiwa. Aya akakosha - mamodheru ekushandisa achiri kutevedzera musimboti ASTM A325/A325M zviyero apo ichipa dzakagadzirirwa mhinduro dzemapurojekiti chaiwo.
Kugadzirwa kweASTM A325/A325M HDG isina tsvina - simbi izere / hafu - shinda inorema hexagon yemaitiro mabhaudhi inosanganisira akati wandei nhanho uchinyatso kutevedzera ASTM zviyero uye mhando - yekudzora matanho:
Kugadzirira Zvinhu: Yakakwirira - yemhando isina tsvina - simbi mbishi zvinhu, senge simbi mbariro kana tsvimbo, yakanyatso kucheneswa. Kuongororwa kwakasimba kunoitwa kuona kuumbwa kwemakemikari, zvivakwa zvemuchina, uye mhando yepasi yezvinhu, kuve nechokwadi kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zveASTM A325/A325M zviyero uye yakatsanangurwa isina tsvina - mamakisi esimbi. Izvo zvisina-stainless - simbi zvinhu zvinobva zvachekwa kuita hurefu hwakakodzera zvinoenderana nehukuru chaihwo hunodiwa hwemabhaudhi.
Kuumba: Metal mabhoti anowanzo kuumbwa kuburikidza nekutonhora - musoro kana kupisa - kugadzira maitiro. Cold - heading inowanzoshandiswa kune madiki - saizi mabhaudhi. Mukuita uku, iyo isina tsvina - simbi inoumbwa kuita inorema hex musoro uye bhaudhi shank inoshandisa inofa mumatanho akati wandei. Iyi nzira inoshanda kune yakakwira - vhoriyamu kugadzirwa uye inogona kugadzira echokwadi tambo mafomu uye mabhoti maumbirwo uchichengeta kutevedzera ASTM zviyero 'dimensional kushivirira. Kupisa - forging inoiswa kune akakura kana akakwira - mabhaudhi esimba, uko iyo Stainless - simbi inodziya kune inogoneka mamiriro uye yobva yaumbwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kuti iwane simba rinodiwa uye chiyero chechokwadi sekuenderana neASTM zviyero.
Threading: Mushure mekugadzira, mabhaudhi anoitiswa tambo. Kune yakazara - tambo mabhaudhi, tambo dzinogadzirwa pamwe nehurefu hwese hweshank, nepo kwehafu - tambo mabhaudhi, tambo dzinongogadzirwa pachikamu chakatarwa. Thread rolling ndiyo nzira inosarudzwa sezvo ichigadzira tambo yakasimba nekutonhora - kushanda simbi, kuvandudza kuneta kuramba kwemabhoti. Specialised threading dies inoshandiswa kuona kuti tambo inokwira, chimiro, uye hukuru hunoenderana chaizvo nezvinodiwa zveASTM A325/A325M zviyero, kuvimbisa kuenderana nenzungu dzinoenderana uye maburi akaiswa.
Kurapa Kupisa (kana zvichidiwa): Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvichienderana neiyo chaiyo Stainless - simbi giredhi uye application zvinodiwa, mabhoti anogona kupinda kupisa - kurapwa maitiro. Kurapa kwekupisa kunogona kukwidziridza zvimisikidzo zvesimbi isina tsvina, sekusimudzira simba rayo, kuoma, uye kuomarara, kuti isangane neyakaomarara kuita zvinodiwa zvezvimiro zvekushandisa zvakatsanangurwa mumazinga eASTM.
Kupisa - Dip Galvanizing: Mabhaudhi akaumbwa anotanga anyatsocheneswa kubvisa chero tsvina, mafuta, kana chiyero. Zvadaro, dzinopfekwa kuti dzive nechokwadi chekunyorova kwakakodzera ne zinc yakanyungudutswa. Mushure maizvozvi, mabhaudhi anonyudzwa mune yakanyungudutswa zinc bath paanenge 450 - 460 ° C kwenguva yakati. Munguva iyi, zinc inopararira mukati mesimbi isina tsvina, ichiita nhevedzano yezinc - iron alloy layers uye gobvu rekunze rekunze re pure zinc. Kana yabviswa mubhati, mabhoti anobvumirwa kutonhora, uye chero yakawandisa zinc inobviswa. Iyi inopisa - dip galvanizing process inopa yakasimba uye yakareba - inodzivirira yekudzivirira.
Kuongorora Kwemhando: Batch rega rega remabhoti rinoiswa pasi pekuongororwa kwakasimba zvinoenderana neASTM A325/A325M zviyero. Dimensional cheki inoitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti dhayamita yebhaudhi, kureba, tambo yakatarwa, saizi yemusoro, uye ukobvu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Mechanical bvunzo, kusanganisira kusimba kwesimba, humbowo mutoro, uye kuomarara bvunzo, inoitwa kuti ione kuti mabhaudhi anogona kumirisana nemitoro yakatarwa uye kusangana nesimba uye maitiro ekuita. Ongororo yekuona inoitwa kuti itarise hurema hwepamusoro, kupisa kwakaringana - dip galvanizing coverage, uye chero kusateedzera kwechitarisiko chinodiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, corrosion - kuramba miedzo inogona kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kweiyo HDG coating. Mabhaudhi chete anopasa ese emhando bvunzo anotenderwa kurongedza uye kugovera.
Iyo inopisa - dip galvanizing (HDG) kurapwa kwepamusoro chinhu chakakosha chinosimudzira zvakanyanya mashandiro emabhaudhi aya:
Pre - kurapwa: Pamberi pekupisa - dip galvanizing, mabhaudhi anoenda kwakaringana pre - kurapwa maitiro. Izvi zvinotanga nekudzikisa, uko mabhaudhi anocheneswa uchishandisa zvinonyungudutsa kana alkaline mhinduro kubvisa chero mafuta, girisi, kana organic zvinosvibisa pamusoro. Zvadaro, kunhonga kunoitwa nekunyudza mabhaudhi muine acid solution (kazhinji hydrochloric kana sulfuric acid) kubvisa ngura, chiyero, uye mamwe madhipoziti asina kusimba. Mushure mekunhonga, mabhaudhi anocheneswa kuti abvise chero yasara asidhi. Pakupedzisira, maitiro ekuyerera anoitwa, uko mabhaudhi anonyikwa mune inoyerera mhinduro. Iyo flux inobatsira kubvisa chero maokisi asara, inonatsiridza kunyorova kwebhaudhi repamusoro neyakanyungudutswa zinc, uye inodzivirira re-oxidation panguva yekugadzira galvanizing.
Kupisa - Dip Galvanizing process: Mabhaudhi ekare anozonyudzwa mubhavhu rezinc rakanyungudutswa rinosvika 450 - 460°C. Kupisa kwepamusoro kwebhati zinc kunokonzera kuita metallurgical pakati pe zinc uye simbi isina tsvina. Pakutanga, maatomu ezinc anopararira mune isina tsvina - simbi substrate, ichiita nhevedzano yezinc - iron alloy layers ine zvinyorwa zvakasiyana. Aya alloy layers anopa kunamira kwakanakisa pakati pe zinc coating uye base simbi. Mushure meizvozvo, gobvu rekunze rekunze rezinc yakachena rinoiswa pamusoro peiyo alloy layer. Ukobvu hwejasi rejasi hunogona kubva pa80 - 120 microns, zvichienderana nehukuru uye rudzi rwemabhoti, pamwe nezvinodiwa chaizvo zveASTM zviyero uye mashandisiro.
Post - kurapwa: Mushure mekupisa - dip galvanizing, mabhoti anogona kupinda post - kurapwa maitiro. Imwe yakajairika positi - kurapwa ndeye passivation, uko mabhaudhi anobatwa nekemikari mhinduro (senge chromate - yakavakirwa kana isiri-chromate - yakavakirwa mhinduro) kugadzira yakatetepa, inodzivirira oxide layer pamusoro peiyo zinc coating. Uku kurapwa kwepasisi kunowedzera kukwidziridza kushora kweiyo galvanized coating, inovandudza kutaridzika kwayo, uye inopa imwe dziviriro kubva kuchena ngura kuumbwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhaudhi anogona kuongororwa chero kusarongeka kwepasi, uye mune dzimwe nguva, anogona kuitiswa maitiro emuchina sekukwesha kana kupfura - kuputika kubvisa chero zinc yakawandisa kana kutsvedzerera pamusoro.
ASTM A325/A325M HDG isina tsvina - simbi izere/hafu - shinda inorema hexagon mabhaudhi ezvimiro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muakasiyana siyana ekuvaka uye maindasitiri maapplication.
Kuvaka Kuvaka: Mumapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka, mabhaudhi aya anoshandiswa kubatanidza matanda esimbi, makoramu, uye matrusses, achigadzira chimiro chezvivakwa. Simba ravo repamusoro uye rakanakisa corrosion kuramba, inokwidziridzwa neiyo HDG kurapwa, inovimbisa kugadzikana kwenguva refu uye kutendeseka kwechimiro chekuvaka, ingave iri yekutengeserana skyscraper, imba yekuchengetera maindasitiri, kana yekugara yakakwirira - inosimuka. Iyo yakazara / hafu - tambo dhizaini inobvumira kuchinjika uye yakachengeteka kusungirira muakasiyana masisitimu ekubatanidza, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekugadzira chivakwa uye kuvaka.
Kuvaka Bridge: Mabhiriji anooneswa kune akasiyana hutsinye mamiriro ekunze, anosanganisira mwando, traffic - induced vibrations, uye corrosive substances. Aya mabhaudhi ezvimiro akakosha pakubatanidza zvinhu zvebhiriji, senge girders, piers, uye decking. Iyo ASTM - inoenderana dhizaini uye yakasimba HDG coating inoita kuti mabhaudhi akwanise kumira mitoro inorema, vibrations, uye corrosion, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kusimba kweiyo bhiriji zvivakwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi.
Industrial Facilities: Mumafesitiri zvidyarwa, zvinonatsa, nenzvimbo dzekugadzira, mabhaudhi aya anoshandiswa kubatanidza michina inorema, mafuremu emidziyo, uye zvitsigiro zvezvimiro. Iwo akakwira-mutoro - mamodheru anokwanisa kumira anorema ekushanda mitoro uye vibrations inogadzirwa nemidziyo yemaindasitiri. Iyo corrosion - inodzivirira zvimiro zvesimbi isina tsvina, yakasanganiswa neHDG coating, inodzivirira mabhaudhi kubva kune zvinosvibisa maindasitiri, makemikari, uye hunyoro, kuderedza zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye kuderedza njodzi yekutadza kwechimiro mumaindasitiri.
Offshore uye Marine Structures: Kumapuratifomu ekumahombekombe, ngarava, uye kuiswa kwemugungwa, uko kuratidzwa kwemvura yemunyu uye nehutsinye nharaunda dzemugungwa kunogara kuripo, mabhaudhi aya anokosheswa zvakanyanya. Iyo yepamusoro corrosion resistance ye316 Stainless steel, pamwe nekuwedzera kudzivirirwa kunopihwa neHDG coating, kunoita kuti vakwanise kushingirira kuparara kwemvura yegungwa, humidity, uye marine atmosphere. Iwo anoshandiswa kusungirira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemugungwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwemahombekombe uye zvivakwa zvemugungwa.
Infrastructure Projects: Muzvirongwa zvezvivakwa zvakaita semagetsi emagetsi, shongwe dzekufambisa, uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzekuchenesa mvura, aya mabhaudhi akaumbwa anoita basa rakakosha mukuona kugadzikana uye kushanda kwezvivakwa. Kuteerera kwavo neASTM A325/A325M zviyero zvinovimbisa kuenderana kwemhando uye kuita, nepo HDG kurapwa ichipa dziviriro yenguva refu kubva kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu, zvichipa kusimba kwese uye hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvivakwa.
High Simba uye Mutoro - Bearing Capacity: Kutevedzera ASTM A325/A325M zviyero, mabhaudhi aya anopa simba repamusoro uye rakanakisa mutoro - kutakura simba. Iwo akagadzirirwa kumirisana neakakosha tensile, shear, uye kuneta mitoro, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakosha dhizaini yekubatanidza mukuvaka kwakasiyana uye kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Kuvakwa kwakasimba, kusanganiswa nechisarudzo chakakodzera chesimbi - giredhi yesimbi uye kupisa kupisa (kana zvichibvira), inovimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika pasi pemitoro inorema uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa.
Superior Corrosion Resistance: Iko kusanganiswa kwestainless - simbi base zvinhu uye inopisa - dip galvanizing inopa yakakwira corrosion kuramba. Simbi isina simbi inotopa yakanaka yekudzivirira corrosion, uye iyo HDG coating inowedzera imwe dhizaini yekudzivirira kubva kune zvinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti mabhaudhi anyatsokodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzemahombekombe, zvikumbiro zvemugungwa, uye zvigadziriso zveindasitiri zvine hunyoro hwakanyanya kana kuratidzwa kumakemikari, zvakanyanya kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa.
Yakamisikidzwa uye Yakavimbika Dhizaini: Kutevedzera ASTM A325/A325M zviyero, mabhaudhi aya anopa dhizaini yakamira, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuchinjika mumapurojekiti akasiyana nematunhu. Iyo yakasimba yemhando - kudzora matanho panguva yekugadzira, sezvinodiwa nemazinga, inovimbisa inopindirana mhando uye kuita. Uku kumisikidzwa kunorerutsa kutenga, kuisa, uye kugadzirisa maitiro, kunoderedza njodzi yekukanganisa, uye kunopa runyararo rwepfungwa kune mainjiniya, makondirakiti, uye varidzi veprojekiti.
Yakasiyana-siyana Thread Dhizaini: Kuwanikwa kwezvose zvakazara - shinda nehafu - shinda sarudzo inopa versatility mumashandisirwo akasiyana. Yakazara - mabhaudhi eshinda akanakira maapplication apo yunifomu yekurovedzera simba inodiwa pamwe nehurefu hwese hwebhaudhi, nepo hafu - shinda mabhoti inogona kushandiswa kukwiridzira kugovera mutoro, kuderedza kupokana, kana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Uku kuchinjika kunobvumira kune yakagadziridzwa yekumisikidza mhinduro kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zveakasiyana ekuvaka uye maindasitiri mapurojekiti.
Kureba - Kugara Kudzivirira: Iyo inopisa - dip galvanizing process inogadzira yakakora uye yakasimba zinc coating inonamira zvakanaka kune Stainless - simbi pamusoro. Uku kupfekedza kunopa dziviriro yenguva refu kubva mukuora, abrasion, uye mamwe marudzi ekushatisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Iyo post-yekurapa maitiro, senge passivation, inowedzera kusimbisa kusimba kwejasi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhaudhi anochengetedza mashandiro awo uye kutaridzika kwenguva yakareba, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakanyanya kunetsa.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwakawedzerwa: Mukushandiswa kwezvimiro, kuvimbika uye kushanda kwemabhaudhi aya kwakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzwa kwezvivakwa, mabhiriji, uye zvimwe zvivakwa. Kusimba kwavo kwepamusoro, kuramba kwecorrosion, uye kutevedzera zvakaomesesa zviyero zveASTM zvinopa kune kutendeseka kwese kwemaitiro, kuderedza njodzi yekutadza kwemaitiro uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nemidziyo.