
Kuzamura amaso y'amaso ahanini bikozwe mubikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi kugirango harebwe ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro n'umutekano mugihe cyo guterura. Alloy ibyuma nibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa, cyane cyane amanota nka 42CrMo na 35CrMo.
Kuzamura amaso y'amaso ahanini bikozwe mubikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi kugirango harebwe ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro n'umutekano mugihe cyo guterura. Alloy ibyuma nibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa, cyane cyane amanota nka 42CrMo na 35CrMo. Ibyuma bivangavanze birimo ibintu nka chromium, molybdenum, na manganese, binyuze muburyo bunoze bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, bishobora kuzamura cyane imiterere ya bolt. Ubushyuhe buvanze nubushyuhe bwo guterura ibyuma byerekana imbaraga zerekana imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana buhebuje, hamwe no kurwanya umunaniro ukabije, bibafasha kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zitsindagira nta kunanirwa.
Kubisabwa aho kurwanya ruswa byihutirwa, ibyuma bidafite ingese nibikoresho byo guhitamo. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga amanota 304 na 316 birakoreshwa cyane. 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga uburyo bwiza-bwo kurinda ruswa, bigatuma bikwiranye no mu nzu hamwe na porogaramu nyinshi zo guterura hanze hamwe n’ibidukikije bidakabije. 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hamwe na molybdenum nyinshi, bitanga imbaraga zo guhangana n’imiti ikaze, amazi y’umunyu, hamwe n’ibihe bikabije, bigatuma biba byiza mu nganda zo mu nyanja, imiti, n’inyanja aho ibihingwa bishobora guhura n’ibintu byangirika.
Mubihe bimwe byihariye, ibyuma bya karubone bifite imbaraga nyinshi nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa, mubisanzwe mubyiciro nka 8.8, 10.9, na 12.9. Nubwo ibyuma bya karubone bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ugereranije nicyuma kidafite ingese nicyuma kivanze, kirashobora kuzuza imbaraga zisabwa kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo guterura iyo bihujwe nubuvuzi bukwiye.
Umurongo wibicuruzwa byo guterura ijisho bikubiyemo moderi zitandukanye zashyizwe mubyiciro, ubushobozi bwimitwaro, ubwoko bwibishushanyo, hamwe nicyiciro cyibikoresho:
Kuzamura Amaso: Ubu ni ubwoko busanzwe, buraboneka muburyo bunini. Ingano y'ibipimo isanzwe kuva kuri M8 kugeza M48, mugihe ingano yubwami itangira kuva 5/16 "kugeza 2". Amaso asanzwe afite igishushanyo cyibanze gifite ijisho ryizengurutse kuruhande rumwe na shanki yomutwe kurundi. Bapimwe kubushobozi butandukanye bwimitwaro, mubisanzwe kuva kuri kilo magana kugeza kuri toni nyinshi, bitewe nubunini nicyiciro cyibikoresho. Amaso asanzwe akwiranye nuburyo rusange bwo guterura mubikorwa byubwubatsi, gukora, no kubungabunga imirimo aho ibisabwa byumutwaro biri mubushobozi bwabo.
Kuzamura Amaso Biremereye: Yakozwe mubikorwa byo guterura biremereye cyane, ijisho riremereye ryamaso rikorwa na diametero nini na shanki nini. Yakozwe mu byuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, birashobora gutwara imitwaro irenze urugero, akenshi irenga toni 10 cyangwa zirenga. Ibi byuma nibyingenzi mubikorwa byinganda nkubwubatsi, gukora imashini ziremereye, hamwe nimishinga minini yubwubatsi aho bisabwa kuzamura ibice binini. Amaso aremereye cyane mubusanzwe agaragaramo igishushanyo mbonera cyamaso kugirango yizere neza ko azamura imigozi n'iminyururu.
Umwihariko-Ikiranga Kuzamura Amaso:
Swivel Kuzamura Amaso: Izi bolts zakozwe hamwe na swivel uburyo bwijisho, bituma ibikoresho byo guterura bifatanye bizunguruka mubuntu. Iyi mikorere ningirakamaro mubisabwa aho umutwaro ugomba gukoreshwa mu byerekezo byinshi, bikagabanya ibyago byo kugoreka no guhambira imigozi yo guterura. Amaso ya Swivel akoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya crane, kurigata, no gushiraho imashini nini zizunguruka.
Guhindura Amaso Amaso: Guhindura ijisho ryijisho rifite uburyo butuma uburebure bwijisho cyangwa umwanya wumugereka uhinduka. Ibi bitanga ihinduka muburyo butandukanye bwo guterura, cyane cyane iyo uburebure cyangwa umwanya wumugereka bigomba guhinduka kugirango habeho imitwaro itandukanye ya geometrie. Zifite akamaro mubwubatsi, kubungabunga, no gusana imirimo aho guhuza n'imihindagurikire.
Kuzamura Amaso: Mu mashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi menshi, ibidukikije bikoreshwa. Ibi byuma bisizwe cyangwa byubatswe hamwe nibikoresho byabigenewe kugirango birinde amashanyarazi, birinda umutekano wigikorwa cyo guterura hamwe nabakozi babigizemo uruhare. Amaso yiziritse ni ngombwa muguterura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, gukora hafi yumurongo wamashanyarazi, cyangwa mubihe byose aho amashanyarazi ahari.
Umusaruro wo guterura amaso urimo intambwe nyinshi zifatika hamwe ningamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango umutekano wabo wizere:
Gutegura ibikoresho: Ibikoresho fatizo byujuje ubuziranenge, nk'ibyuma cyangwa inkoni, biva neza. Ibikoresho birasuzumwa neza kubigize imiti, imiterere yubukanishi, nubuziranenge bwubutaka kugirango hubahirizwe amahame mpuzamahanga ninganda. Ibikoresho byuma noneho bigabanywa muburebure bukurikije ubunini bwa bolt.
Gushiraho: Amaso y'amaso asanzwe akorwa binyuze muburyo bushyushye cyangwa bukonje-imitwe. Gushyushya-bishyushye bikoreshwa mubisanzwe binini kandi biremereye. Muri ubu buryo, icyuma gishyuha kuburyo bworoshye hanyuma kigakorwa hifashishijwe ipfa munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ijisho na shanki. Ubukonje-Umutwe bukoreshwa kuri bito-binini, aho icyuma gikozwe muburyo bwifuzwa nta gushyushya, kikaba cyiza cyane kubyara umusaruro mwinshi kandi gishobora kugumana neza neza.
Urudodo: Nyuma yo gushiraho, bolts ikora ibikorwa byurudodo. Kuzunguruka kumutwe nuburyo bwatoranijwe kuko butanga urudodo rukomeye mugukonjesha-gukora icyuma, kunoza umunaniro wa bolt. Urudodo rwihariye rupfa gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye neza urudodo rwukuri, umwirondoro wurudodo, no guhuza nimbuto zihuye cyangwa umwobo. Kuri bolts hamwe nibisobanuro byihariye bisabwa, imashini yinyongera irashobora gukorwa.
Kuvura Ubushyuhe (kubikoresho byuma byuma). Annealing igabanya imihangayiko yimbere mubyuma, kuzimya byongera ubukana bwayo, kandi ubushyuhe bugarura ihindagurika mugihe utezimbere ubukana. Izi nzira zitezimbere imiterere yubukanishi bwa bolts, ibafasha kuzuza imbaraga-nyinshi kandi zisabwa cyane zo guterura porogaramu.
Kuvura Ubuso: Kugirango wongere imbaraga zo kwangirika, kugaragara, hamwe nibikorwa, ibyuma byijisho ryicyuma birashobora kunyura muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Isahani ya Zinc nubuvuzi busanzwe bushyira igice cya zinc hejuru ya bolt, gitanga uburinzi bwibanze. Hot-dip galvanizing itanga umubyimba mwinshi kandi uramba wa zinc, ibereye hanze kandi ikaze ibidukikije. Amaso y'icyuma adafite umwanda arashobora kuvurwa passiyasi kugirango yongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kwabo. Rimwe na rimwe, impuzu zihariye nka Teflon cyangwa anti-abrasion zishobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ubukana cyangwa kurinda kwambara mugihe cyo guterura.
Kugenzura Ubuziranenge: Buri cyiciro cyo guterura amaso kirasuzumwa cyane. Igenzura rinini rikorwa kugirango tumenye neza ko diameter ya bolt, uburebure, umurongo wihariye, nubunini bwamaso byujuje ubuziranenge. Ibizamini bya mashini, nkimbaraga zingana, umutwaro wibimenyetso, hamwe nigeragezwa ryumunaniro, birakorwa kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro nigihe kirekire cya bolts. Kubikorwa byingenzi byumutekano, uburyo bwo gupima butasenya nka magnetique igenzura cyangwa ibizamini bya ultrasonic birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye inenge zimbere. Gusa bolts yatsinze ibizamini byose byujuje ubuziranenge byemewe kubipakira no gukwirakwiza.
Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru bwo guterura amaso ni ngombwa kugirango bongere imikorere yabo kandi bongere ubuzima bwabo:
Zinc: Isahani ya Zinc ikubiyemo kwibiza Bolt mugisubizo gikungahaye kuri zinc binyuze mumashanyarazi. Ibi bibitse urwego ruto rwa zinc hejuru ya bolt, ikora nka bariyeri yo gutamba. Igice cya zinc cyangirika cyane, kirinda ibyuma byimbere kurigata no kwangirika. Isahani ya Zinc itanga uburyo bwibanze bwo kurinda ruswa kandi irakwiriye murugo no hanze idashobora kwangirika.
Bishyushye: Muri hot-dip galvanizing process, bolts yabanje kwangirika no gutororwa kugirango ikureho umwanda. Noneho, zirasukwa kugirango zemeze neza na zinc yashonze. Nyuma yibyo, ibimera byinjizwa mu bwogero bwa zinc yashonze ku bushyuhe bwa 450 - 460 ° C. Zinc ifata hamwe nicyuma mubyuma kugirango ikore urukurikirane rwimyunyungugu ya zinc-fer, ikurikirwa nigice cyiza cya zinc. Ibivamo bivamo galvanised birabyimbye kandi biramba, bitanga imbaraga nziza zo kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma ibimera bikwiranye nigihe kirekire cyo gukoresha hanze hamwe nibidukikije bikaze.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga: Kubyuma bidafite ibyuma biterura amaso, kuvura passivation akenshi bikorwa. Ibi bikubiyemo kuvura ubuso bwa bolt ukoresheje umuti wa aside kugirango ukureho ibintu byose byanduye, ibice byicyuma, no kuzamura urwego rusanzwe rwa oxyde ya paside ku byuma bitagira umwanda. Passivation itezimbere kwangirika kwicyuma kitagira umwanda, cyane cyane mubidukikije aho ioni ya chloride cyangwa ibindi bintu byangirika bishobora kuba bihari.
Impuzu zihariye: Amaso amwe azamura amaso ashobora kwakira impuzu zihariye. Ipitingi ya Teflon irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igabanye ubushyamirane mugihe cyo kwizirika no gutandukanya imigozi yo guterura, bigatuma ibikorwa byoroha no kugabanya kwambara kuri bolt na shitingi. Kurwanya anti-abrasion bikoreshwa mukurinda ubuso bwa bolt kutangirika no kwangirika guterwa no guhura kenshi nibikoresho byo guterura, cyane cyane mubisabwa kwambara cyane.
Kuzamura amaso akoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi no mubikorwa aho ibikorwa byo guterura no kuzamura bisabwa:
Inganda zubaka: Mu bwubatsi, guterura ijisho bikoreshwa mu guterura no gushiraho ibikoresho byubaka nkibikoresho byabugenewe, ibiti byuma, nibikoresho binini bya mashini. Nibyingenzi kugirango habeho iteraniro ryizewe kandi ryiza, ryaba inyubako yo guturamo, igorofa yubucuruzi, cyangwa inganda.
Inganda: Mu nganda zikora, guterura amaso bikoreshwa mu kuzamura imashini ziremereye, ibice mugihe cyo gukora, nibicuruzwa byarangiye byo gutwara. Zikoreshwa mumirongo yiteranirizo, amaduka yimashini, nububiko kugirango yimuke kandi ishyire ibintu binini kandi biremereye neza, byorohereza ibikorwa byo gukora nibikorwa bya logistique.
Inganda zo mu nyanja no hanze: Mu bice byo mu nyanja no mu nyanja, guterura amaso bigira uruhare runini mu kubaka ubwato, gusana ubwato, no kubaka urubuga rwo hanze. Zikoreshwa mu guterura ibice byubwato, ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, no mubikorwa byo kwiba amato hamwe nubwubatsi bwo hanze. Ibisabwa cyane byo kurwanya ruswa muri ibi bidukikije akenshi biganisha ku gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda cyangwa ubushyuhe-bushyushye bwo guterura amaso.
Inganda zitwara abantu: Mu nganda zitwara abantu, guterura amaso bikoreshwa mu gupakira no gupakurura imizigo iremereye ku makamyo, gari ya moshi, no mu mato. Zikoreshwa kandi mukubungabunga no gusana ibinyabiziga nibikorwa remezo byubwikorezi, nka moteri yo guterura, imiyoboro, hamwe nibice byikiraro mugihe cyo gutanga serivisi.
Amashanyarazi ninganda zingirakamaro. Zifite kandi akamaro kanini mubikorwa byingirakamaro byo guterura inkingi zamashanyarazi, transformateur, nibindi bikoresho mugihe cyo gushiraho no gusana.
Ubushobozi Bwinshi bwo Kwikorera: Kuzamura ijisho byateguwe kandi bikozwe kugirango bihangane imitwaro ikomeye. Ukurikije urwego rwibintu nubunini, barashobora gutwara imizigo kuva kuri kilo nkeya kugeza kuri toni mirongo. Ubu bushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro butuma guterura neza ibintu biremereye mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda nubwubatsi.
Umutekano wizewe: Bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwo gukora ningamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kuzamura amaso bitanga umutekano wizewe mugihe cyo guterura. Igeragezwa rikomeye ryimbaraga, kuramba, nubunyangamugayo byemeza ko bolts ishobora kugirirwa ikizere gukora mugihe gikenewe, bikagabanya ibyago byimpanuka no kwangiza ibikoresho.
Kurwanya ruswa: Hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho nkibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nubuvuzi bugezweho nka hot-dip galvanizing, kuzamura amaso birashobora kurwanya ruswa neza. Ibi bituma bakoreshwa muburyo bwo hanze, mu nyanja, no kwangirika kwinganda, kwagura ubuzima bwabo no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
Guhindagurika: Kuboneka muburyo butandukanye bwubunini, ubushobozi bwo kwikorera, hamwe nigishushanyo, guterura amaso birashobora guhuzwa byoroshye nibisabwa guterura. Byaba ari umurimo woroshye wo guterura cyangwa igikorwa gikomeye cyo kugorora, hariho uburyo bwiza bwo guterura ijisho rya bolt kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byihariye bya porogaramu.
Kuborohereza Kwubaka no Gukoresha. Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroshye cyemerera kwihutisha kwihuta guterura, iminyururu, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo guterura, koroshya ibikorwa byo guterura neza no kugabanya igihe gikenewe cyo gushiraho no kwishyiriraho.