
Mtedza woonda nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kutengera zomwe amafunikira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mtedza woonda nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kutengera zomwe amafunikira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Chitsulo chofewa ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mtedza wopyapyala chifukwa cha mtengo wake - wogwira mtima komanso mphamvu zake zoyambira. Kutha kukhala kutentha - kuchitiridwa kulimbikitsa kulimba kwake ndi mphamvu yolimba, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ntchito zomangitsa zopepuka - mpaka - zapakati - m'malo amkati. Kuti isawonongeke ndi dzimbiri, mtedza wocheperako wachitsulo nthawi zambiri umathandizidwa ndi mankhwala apamtunda monga plating ya zinc, zokutira wakuda wa oxide, kapena kutentha - dip galvanizing.
Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, kulimba, komanso kukana dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndicho chisankho chomwe chimakonda. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri monga 304 ndi 316 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 chimapereka zabwino zonse - kukana dzimbiri ndipo ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yamkati ndi kunja komwe kumayang'aniridwa pang'ono ndi zinthu. Chitsulo cha 316 chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimatha kukana mankhwala oopsa, madzi amchere, komanso malo owopsa a chilengedwe, ndi abwino kwa mafakitale apanyanja, mankhwala, ndi zakudya.
M'malo ena apadera omwe zinthu zopanda zitsulo ndizofunikira, monga zotsekera zamagetsi kapena malo omwe zitsulo - pa -zitsulo ziyenera kupewedwa, nayiloni, polyethylene, kapena mapulasitiki ena auinjiniya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mtedza wopyapyala. Mitedza yopyapyala iyi ndi yopepuka, yotsekereza magetsi, ndipo imalimbana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kumagetsi, zida zamankhwala, ndi mafakitale amagetsi. Kuonjezera apo, mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtedza wopyapyala m'malo ochepetsera kulemera, mphamvu zamagetsi, kapena zinthu zopanda maginito.
Mzere wazogulitsa wa mtedza woonda umaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogawidwa ndi kukula, mtundu wa ulusi, ndi zina zowonjezera:
Mtedza Woonda Wokhazikika: Awa ndi mtedza wopyapyala wofunikira kwambiri komanso womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri. Iwo amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya metric ndi yachifumu. Miyeso ya metric nthawi zambiri imachokera ku M3 mpaka M36, pomwe makulidwe achifumu amayambira 1/8 "mpaka 1 - 1/2". Mtedza woonda wokhazikika uli ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a hexagonal ndi makulidwe ochepera poyerekeza ndi mtedza wamba. Amakhala ndi ulusi wokhazikika ndipo ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito zanthawi zonse pomwe malo ali ochepa, monga pophatikiza zida zamagetsi, mipando yokhala ndi mapanelo opyapyala, ndi makina ang'onoang'ono.
Kutseka Mtedza Wopyapyala: Amapangidwa kuti aletse kumasuka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, kapena mphamvu zozungulira, kutseka mtedza wopyapyala kumaphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zotsutsira. Mtedza wina wotsekera umagwiritsa ntchito choyikapo nayiloni, chofanana ndi mtedza wa nayiloni wa hex loko, womwe umapangitsa kukangana kuti asamasulidwe. Ena angakhale ndi ulusi wopunduka kapena chinthu chokhoma chomakina, monga chopindika chokhala ndi pini yotsekera. Kutseka mtedza wopyapyala ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe chitetezo chamagulu ndi chofunikira kwambiri, monga mumainjini amagalimoto, zida zam'mlengalenga, ndi makina am'mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito molimbika.
Flanged Thin Mtedza: Mtedza woonda wa flanged umaphatikiza mbiri yopyapyala ndi flange m'munsi. Flange iyi imawonjezera malo okhudzana ndi malo opangira mating, kugawa bwino katunduyo ndikupereka kukhazikika bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe kusungitsa malo komanso kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu kumafunikira, monga pamakina oyimitsidwa agalimoto, zotsekera zamagetsi, ndi kuphatikiza mipando komwe kumafunikira kulumikizana kokhazikika komanso kokhazikika.
Zapadera - Ulusi Woonda Mtedza: Mtedza woonda uwu uli ndi mapangidwe apadera a ulusi. Mwachitsanzo, mtedza wopyapyala wa ulusi umakhala ndi ulusi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mtedza wamba, womwe umapereka kuwongolera bwino komanso kukana kumasuka. Ndioyenera makina olondola, zida zowonera, ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimafunikira kukonza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mtedza wopyapyala wokhala ndi ulusi wakumanzere, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamisonkhano yapadera pomwe ulusi wosakhazikika umafunikira.
Kupanga mtedza woonda kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zolondola komanso zowongolera - zowongolera:
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zitsulo zachitsulo, ndodo zosapanga dzimbiri, mapepala apulasitiki, kapena zopanda kanthu zamkuwa / aluminiyamu, zimachotsedwa. Zipangizozi zimawunikiridwa mosamala za kapangidwe ka mankhwala, makina amakina, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira. Zida zachitsulo zimadulidwa moyenerera molingana ndi kukula kwa mtedza.
Kupanga: Mtedza wopyapyala wachitsulo nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kudzera munjira zozizira kapena zotentha. Kuzizira - mutu ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira mtedza wocheperako, pomwe chitsulocho chimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a hexagonal ndipo ulusi umapangidwa mu gawo limodzi kapena zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Njirayi ndiyothandiza pakupanga ma voliyumu ambiri ndipo imatha kupanga mawonekedwe olondola a ulusi ndi mawonekedwe a mtedza ndikusunga mawonekedwe owonda. Hot - forging umagwiritsidwa ntchito zazikulu kapena apamwamba - mphamvu woonda mtedza, kumene zitsulo ndi usavutike mtima kuti malleable boma ndiyeno zoumbidwa pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri kukwaniritsa ankafuna mphamvu ndi olondola dimensional. Mtedza wopyapyala wopanda chitsulo nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi jekeseni, pomwe mapepala apulasitiki amasungunuka ndikubayidwa mu nkhungu kuti apange mawonekedwe a mtedza.
Ulusi: Pambuyo popanga, mtedzawu umagwira ntchito zopangira ulusi. Kwa mtedza wachitsulo, ulusi ukhoza kuchitidwa ndi kugubuduza kapena kudula. Kugudubuza ulusi nthawi zambiri kumakonda chifukwa kumapanga ulusi wolimba ndi kuzizira - kugwira ntchito yachitsulo, kumapangitsa kuti mtedza usatope. Pankhani ya mtedza wopyapyala, njira yopangira ulusi imafuna kuwongolera bwino kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa ulusi ndikusunga kuonda kwa mtedza. Kudula ulusi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene kulondola kwakukulu kumafunika pa ntchito zinazake kapena mapangidwe apadera a ulusi.
Feature Fabrication (zapadera - mtundu wa mtedza woonda): Potseka mtedza wopyapyala, njira zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwa kuti apange zinthu zotsutsana ndi kumasula. Izi zingaphatikizepo kulowetsa choyikapo nayiloni, kupotoza ulusi, kapena mipata yopangira makina ndi kuwonjezera zokhoma. Mtedza woonda wa flanges umakhala ndi flange yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yopangira kapena kuumba, ndipo apadera - ulusi woonda wa mtedza umafunikira njira zina zolumikizira kuti akwaniritse kapangidwe ka ulusi komwe mukufuna.
Kuchiza pamwamba (kwa mtedza wachitsulo): Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi maonekedwe, mtedza woonda wachitsulo ukhoza kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana - njira zothandizira. Kuyika kwa zinc kumaphatikizapo kumiza mtedza mu njira yochuluka ya zinc kuti muyike wosanjikiza woteteza. Kutentha - kuviika galvanizing malaya mtedza ndi wandiweyani ndi cholimba wosanjikiza zinki. Kupaka kwa okosayidi wakuda kumapanga wosanjikiza wopyapyala, wakuda, wokhazikika - wosasunthika kudzera munjira yamankhwala. Mankhwala a pamwambawa samangoteteza mtedza kuzinthu zachilengedwe komanso amawapatsa kukongola kosiyana.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Gulu lililonse la mtedza woonda limawunikidwa mwamphamvu. Macheke amachitidwe amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti makulidwe a nati, makulidwe ake, mafotokozedwe a ulusi, ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse apadera amakwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa. Kuyesa kwamakina, monga kuyesa kulimba komanso kuuma kwamphamvu, kumachitika kuti atsimikizire katundu - kunyamula mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mtedza. Potseka mtedza wopyapyala, mayeso oletsa kumasula amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yotseka ikugwira ntchito. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitikanso kuti awone zolakwika zapamtunda, ming'alu, kapena zokutira zosayenera. Mtedza wopyapyala wokhawokha womwe umapambana mayeso onse abwino ndi omwe amavomerezedwa kuti apakidwe ndikugawa.
Mtedza woonda umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
Zipangizo Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: M'makampani amagetsi, mtedza wopyapyala ndi wofunikira kuti uteteze matabwa ozungulira, zolumikizira, zotchingira, ndi zina. Mbiri yawo yopyapyala imalola malo - mapangidwe opulumutsa, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazophatikizika komanso zovuta kwambiri pazida zamagetsi monga mafoni am'manja, ma laputopu, ndi mapiritsi. Mitedza yopyapyala kapena yopanda zitsulo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa mabwalo amfupi amagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chamagetsi.
Magalimoto ndi Maulendo: Popanga magalimoto, mtedza wopyapyala umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe malo ndi ochepa, monga m'zigawo za injini, mapanelo a zitseko, ndi zomangira zamkati. Kutseka mtedza wopyapyala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ateteze zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe zitha kugwedezeka panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika ndi chitetezo chagalimoto. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga malole, njinga zamoto, ndi zoyendera zina.
Mipando ndi Ntchito Zamatabwa: Mtedza wopyapyala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mipando ndi matabwa kuti asonkhanitse zinthu zokhala ndi mapanelo opyapyala kapena mipata yothina. Mtedza wopyapyala, makamaka, umapereka kulumikizana kokhazikika komanso kosunthika, kumapangitsa kukongola komanso kapangidwe kake ka mipando. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira zida, kuteteza zinthu zokongoletsera, ndikulumikiza mafelemu amatabwa.
Aerospace ndi Aviation: M'gawo lazamlengalenga, komwe kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa malo ndikofunikira, mtedza woonda umagwira ntchito yofunika. Mtedza woonda kwambiri wamphamvu kwambiri wopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ndege, kukhazikitsa injini, ndi kumangiriza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe awo opepuka komanso odalirika omangirira amathandiza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani azamlengalenga.
General Makina ndi Zida: M'makina am'mafakitale ndi zida, mtedza wopyapyala umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe pakufunika njira yolumikizirana. Ndioyenera kusungitsa magawo ang'onoang'ono a makina, mapanelo owongolera, ndi zida zina m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kupereka njira yodalirika komanso yodalirika yolumikizira malo.
Space - Saving Design: Ubwino wofunikira kwambiri wa mtedza woonda ndi makulidwe awo ocheperako, omwe amalola malo - kupulumutsa pamisonkhano. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ntchito zomwe mtedza wachikhalidwe ungakhale wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangidwe zowoneka bwino komanso zogwira mtima m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka zamagetsi, zamagalimoto, ndi zakuthambo.
Wopepuka: Mtedza wopanda chitsulo wopyapyala komanso wopangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zopepuka monga aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa umapereka zowonda kwambiri. Izi ndizopindulitsa makamaka m'mafakitale monga zamlengalenga ndi zoyendera, komwe kuchepetsa kulemera kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamafuta, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zonse.
Kusinthasintha: Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, makulidwe, ndi mapangidwe, mtedza woonda ukhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zofunsira. Kaya ndi ntchito yosavuta yomangirira pakupanga mipando kapena kulumikizana kofunikira pamakina apamwamba kwambiri, pali mtundu wocheperako wa mtedza wopezeka, womwe umapereka kusinthasintha pamapangidwe ndi kuphatikiza.
Mtengo - Wogwira ntchito: Mtedza wambiri wopyapyala, makamaka wopangidwa ndi chitsulo chofewa, ndi wokwera mtengo popanga. Kupezeka kwawo, kukula kwake kokhazikika, ndi njira zosavuta zopangira zimathandizira kuti azitha kukwanitsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chothandiza pakupanga ndi kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana popanda kusiya ntchito zoyambira.
Ntchito Zapadera: Ndi kupezeka kwa zotsekera, zopindika, komanso zapadera - ulusi woonda wa mtedza, amatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito apadera monga anti - kumasula, kugawa katundu wowonjezera, ndikusintha kolondola. Izi zimawathandiza kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana siyana za ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuonetsetsa kudalirika ndi ntchito za zigawo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.