
Mapeto awiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, zomwe zimasankhidwa kutengera zomwe zimafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mpweya wa carbon ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka m'makalasi monga 4.8, 8.8, ndi 10.9.
Ma studs okhala ndi ma end awiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana - zapamwamba kwambiri, zosankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe pulogalamuyo imafunikira kuti ikhale yolimba, yosalimba, komanso yosachita dzimbiri. Mpweya wa carbon ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka m'makalasi monga 4.8, 8.8, ndi 10.9. Chitsulo cha carbon chotsika - giredi 4.8 chimapereka mphamvu zoyambira ndipo ndichoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa wamba pomwe zofunikira zonyamula zimakhala zocheperako. Zitsulo za carbon zapamwamba, monga 8.8 ndi 10.9, zimatha kutentha - zothandizidwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zawo zolimba, kuuma, ndi kulimba. Izi zimawathandiza kupirira katundu wolemera komanso zovuta zamakina, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pantchito zamafakitale ndi zomangamanga komwe kumangirira mwamphamvu ndikofunikira. Pofuna kuteteza zitsulo za carbon zitsulo kuti zisawonongeke, mankhwala opangira pamwamba monga zinc plating, zokutira zakuda, kapena kutentha - dip galvanizing amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu china chofunikira, makamaka magiredi 304 ndi 316. 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimapereka zabwino zonse - kukana dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'nyumba ndi ntchito zambiri zakunja zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe. 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi molybdenum wapamwamba kwambiri, chimapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala owopsa, madzi amchere, komanso mikhalidwe yowopsa. Zotsatira zake, ndi chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa m'mafakitale apanyanja, makemikolo, ndi zakudya, komanso ntchito zakunja m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'malo achinyezi kwambiri.
Muzinthu zina zapadera, chitsulo cha alloy chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulo cha aloyi, chomwe chili ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, ndi faifi tambala, chimatha kutentha - chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chikwaniritse bwino zamakina. Zitsulo zazitsulo za alloy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanikizika kwambiri, monga mumainjini amagalimoto, zida zam'mlengalenga, ndi makina olemetsa, pomwe mphamvu ndi kukana kutopa ndizofunikira.
Mzere wazogulitsa wa ma studs omaliza awiri umaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsatiridwa ndi kukula, kutalika, mtundu wa ulusi, kalasi yazinthu, ndi chithandizo chomaliza:
Maphunziro Awiri Omaliza: Zipilala zokhazikika zimapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya metric ndi yachifumu. Kukula kwa ma metric nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku M6 mpaka M36, pomwe makulidwe achifumu amayambira 1/4 "mpaka 1 - 1/2". Ma studs awa amakhala ndi ulusi wanthawi zonse ndipo ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito zanthawi zonse pakumanga makina, kukhazikitsa zida, ndi zomangamanga. Zipilala zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ulusi mbali zonse ziwiri za utali wofanana, zomwe zimapereka njira yoyambira komanso yodalirika yomangira.
High - Strength Double End Studs: Zopangidwira ntchito zolemetsa, zolembera zamphamvu kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri chitsulo cha alloy kapena chitsulo champhamvu cha carbon chokhala ndi magiredi ngati 12.9. Zitsulo izi zimakhala ndi mainchesi akulu komanso zazitali kuti zigwire mphamvu zolimba komanso zometa ubweya. Ndiwofunika kwambiri pamafakitale kuti mupeze makina olemera, zida zazikulu zamapangidwe, ndi zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito monyamula katundu wambiri komanso kugwedezeka. Ma studs olimba kwambiri amathanso kukhala ndi mapangidwe apadera a ulusi kapena mankhwala apamtunda kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo.
Zapadera - Zojambula Pawiri Zomaliza:
Zabwino - Zingwe Zambiri Zomaliza: Ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka ulusi poyerekeza ndi zingwe zokhazikika, zitsanzo zabwino za ulusi zimapereka kuwongolera bwino komanso kukana kumasuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukonza bwino, monga makina olondola, zida zowonera, ndi kuphatikiza kwamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, komwe kumangika kotetezeka komanso kolondola ndikofunikira.
Zosafanana - Zolemba Zautali Zawiri: Makatani amenewa ali ndi ulusi wautali wosiyanasiyana kumapeto kulikonse. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kothandiza m'mapulogalamu omwe mbali imodzi imayenera kulowetsedwa mozama mu dzenje lokhomedwa kuti mulumikizane ndi chitetezo, pomwe mbali inayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira mtedza kapena washer. Zosafanana - zazitali zazitali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamisonkhano yovuta pomwe pali zopinga za malo kapena zofunikira zina zomangirira.
Anti-Corrosion Double End Studs: Kuphatikiza pa kupangidwa kuchokera ku dzimbiri - zinthu zosagwira ntchito ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ma studs awa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri, monga Dacromet kapena zokutira za Geomet. Amapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ovuta, monga madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madera opangira mafakitale okhala ndi kuipitsidwa kwambiri, kapena malo akunja okhala ndi chinyezi ndi mankhwala, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali.
Kupanga ma studs omaliza kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zolondola komanso njira zowongolera - zowongolera:
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zitsulo kapena ndodo, zimasungidwa mosamala. Zipangizozi zimawunikiridwa kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi mankhwala, zida zamakina, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo yopangira. Zida zachitsulo zimadulidwa moyenerera molingana ndi kukula kwa stud.
Ulusi: Kupanga ulusi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga ma stud. Makina apadera a ulusi amafa kapena makina ogubuduza amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi pamapeto onse a stud. Kugudubuza ulusi ndi njira yomwe imakonda kwambiri chifukwa imapanga ulusi wolimba kwambiri ndi kuzizira - kugwira ntchito yachitsulo, kupititsa patsogolo kutopa kwa stud. Njira yopangira ulusi imafunika kuwongolera mosamala kuti ulusiwo ukhale wolondola, mbiri ya ulusi, komanso kuti igwirizane ndi mtedza wofananira kapena mabowo oponyedwa. Kwa ma studs omwe ali ndi zofunikira zenizeni za ulusi, monga ulusi wabwino kapena mawonekedwe apadera a ulusi, makina owonjezera olondola atha kuphatikizidwa.
Chithandizo cha kutentha (kwa zida zamphamvu kwambiri): Zipangizo zopangidwa kuchokera ku zida zamphamvu kwambiri monga chitsulo cha aloyi kapena chitsulo cha carbon high - grade high-grade zikhoza kutenthedwa - njira zochizira monga kuyamwitsa, kuzimitsa, ndi kutentha. Njirazi zimakongoletsera mawonekedwe a ma studs, kumawonjezera mphamvu zawo, kulimba, komanso kulimba kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira.
Kuthetsa Chithandizo: Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, malekezero a ma studs amatha kulandira chithandizo chowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, malekezero amatha kugwedezeka kuti azitha kuyika mosavuta mu mtedza kapena mabowo. Nthawi zina, malekezero amatha kuphwanyidwa kapena kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi njira zina zomangira kapena kuti apereke malo abwino ogwirira ntchito ochapira kapena mtedza.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba: Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito, zida zachitsulo zimatha kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana - njira zochizira. Zinc plating imayika nthaka yopyapyala ya zinc pamwamba, zomwe zimateteza dzimbiri. Kutentha - dip galvanizing kumapereka zokutira za zinki zokulirapo komanso zolimba, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panja komanso movutikira. Kupaka kwa oksidi wakuda kumapangitsa kuti zisanjidwe zopyapyala, zakuda, za dzimbiri - zosagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapatsanso zokometsera mawonekedwe okongola. Zitsulo zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitha kuthandizidwa kuti ziwonjezeke kukana dzimbiri.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Gulu lililonse la zida ziwiri zomaliza limawunikiridwa mwamphamvu. Kuyang'ana kwakukulu kumachitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti makulidwe a stud, kutalika kwake, mawonekedwe a ulusi, ndi machiritso ake akukwaniritsa zofunikira. Mayesero amakina, monga kulimba kwamphamvu, kuuma, ndi kuyezetsa torque, amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire katundu - kunyamula mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa ma studs. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitikanso kuti awone zolakwika zapamtunda, ming'alu, kapena ulusi wolakwika. Ma studs okhawo omwe amapambana mayeso onse abwino ndi omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azipaka ndi kugawa.
Chithandizo chapamwamba cha ma studs omaliza ndi ofunikira kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo ndikukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki:
Zinc Plating: Zinc plating ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamwamba pazitsulo za carbon steel. Kumaphatikizapo electroplating wosanjikiza woonda wa zinki pamwamba stud pamwamba. Zinc wosanjikiza uyu amakhala ngati chotchinga nsembe, corroding makamaka kuteteza zitsulo pansi. Zinc plating imapereka chitetezo chambiri cha dzimbiri ndipo ndi yoyenera m'nyumba komanso zochepa - zopangira kunja zowononga. Zimapatsanso ma studswo mawonekedwe owala, achitsulo.
Kutentha - Dip Galvanizing: M'nyengo yotentha - dip dip galvanizing, ma studs amayamba kutsukidwa ndi kuzifutsa kuti achotse zowonongeka. Kenako, amasungunulidwa ndikumizidwa m'madzi osambira a zinki osungunuka pafupifupi 450 - 460 ° C. Zinki amachitira ndi chitsulo mu chitsulo kupanga angapo nthaka - chitsulo aloyi zigawo, kutsatiridwa ndi koyera nthaka wosanjikiza. Chopaka chokhuthala chokhazikika komanso cholimba chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisawonongeke, kupangitsa kuti zipilalazo zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali komanso malo ovuta, monga madera ogulitsa kapena madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kupaka kwa Black Oxide: Kupaka kwa Black oxide ndi njira yamankhwala yomwe imapanga wosanjikiza wopyapyala, wakuda, wosamva dzimbiri pamwamba pazitsulo zazitsulo za kaboni. Kupaka uku sikumangopereka chitetezo chambiri komanso kumapangitsa kuti zipilalazo zikhale zofananira, zowoneka bwino zakuda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kukongola ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kumafunika. Black oxide wosanjikiza ndi woonda kwambiri ndipo angafunike ma topcoat owonjezera kuti atetezedwe ku dzimbiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Stainless Steel Passivation: Kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, chithandizo cha passivation chikuchitika. Izi zimaphatikizapo kumiza ma studs mu njira ya asidi kuchotsa zowononga pamwamba, tinthu tachitsulo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kusanjikiza kwachilengedwe kopanda oxide pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Passivation imapangitsa kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zisamawonongeke, makamaka m'malo omwe ma chloride ayoni kapena zinthu zina zowononga zitha kukhalapo, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali kwazitsulozo.
Zopaka Zapadera: Nthawi zina, ma studs amatha kulandira zokutira zapadera. Zopaka za Teflon zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zichepetse kukangana pakuyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kuti zikhale zosavuta kumangitsa ndi kumasula mtedza pazipatso. Zotchingira zoletsa kulanda zimathandizira kuti ma studs asagwire chifukwa cha okosijeni kapena kutentha kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuchotsedwa ndikuyikanso pafupipafupi. Zovala za anti-abrasion zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza pamwamba kuti zisapse ndi kuvala, makamaka m'malo omwe amakangana kwambiri.
Mapeto achiwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zingapo:
Kupanga Makina ndi Zida: Pakupanga makina, ma studs omaliza awiri ndi ofunikira pakuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza midadada ya injini, mitu ya silinda, ma gearbox, ndi zida zina zolemetsa. Kutha kupereka kukhazikika kotetezeka komanso kodalirika, ngakhale atalemedwa kwambiri komanso kugwedezeka, kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito iyi.
Zomangamanga ndi Zomangamanga: Pa zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, ma studs awiri omalizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwirizanitsa zigawo zamagulu, monga zitsulo zachitsulo, mizati, ndi mbale. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuyika zinthu za precast konkriti, kupereka kulumikizana kolimba komanso kolimba. Zomangamanga zapamwamba - zolimba ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe ofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kukhulupirika kwa nyumba ndi milatho.
Magalimoto ndi Aerospace Industries: M'makampani amagalimoto, ma studs omaliza awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga injini, kupanga chassis, ndi kuyimitsidwa. Amatha kupirira kugwedezeka ndi kupsinjika komwe kumachitika panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto. M'gawo lazamlengalenga, komwe kumafunikira miyezo yokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito, zida ziwiri zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za ndege. Kupanga kwawo kolondola komanso mphamvu zapamwamba ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a ndege.
Kuyika Mapaipi ndi Kuyika Vavu: M'mafakitale opangira mapaipi ndi mapaipi, zida zapawiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza ma flanges mumayendedwe a mapaipi. Amapereka chisindikizo chotetezeka pakati pa zigawo za chitoliro ndi ma valve, kuonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa machitidwe onyamula madzimadzi. Anti - corrosion double end studs nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala ndi ntchito zam'madzi pofuna kupewa kutayikira komanso kusunga kudalirika kwa zida zamapaipi.
Zida Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: M'mafakitale amagetsi ndi zamagetsi, ma studs omaliza atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza zotchingira zamagetsi, mapanelo, ndi zida. Fine - ulusi wapawiri womaliza ndi woyenera makamaka pagulu lamagetsi, chifukwa amalola kumangirira bwino popanda kuwononga zinthu zosalimba.
Kumangirira kotetezeka komanso kodalirika: Mapeto awiri omaliza amapereka njira yokhazikika yotetezeka komanso yodalirika. Pogwiritsa ntchito mtedza kumbali zonse ziwiri, amatha kuyika ngakhale kukakamiza ndikugawa katundu moyenera, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chomasuka pansi pa kugwedezeka kapena kupanikizika kwa makina. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenerera ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku ntchito zopepuka mpaka zolemetsa.
Kusinthasintha: Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, zida, mitundu ya ulusi, ndi mapangidwe, ma studs omaliza awiri amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Kaya ndi ntchito yolondola pamakampani opanga zamagetsi kapena ntchito yolemetsa yomanga, pali choyimira choyenera chomwe chilipo. Mitundu yapadera, monga ulusi wabwino, wosafanana - kutalika, ndi ma anti-corrosion studs, imakulitsanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zawo m'malo apadera.
Kusavuta Kuyika ndi Kuchotsa: Mapeto awiri ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa. Mbali imodzi ikalowetsedwa mu dzenje, mtedza ukhoza kumangika mosavuta kapena kumasulidwa mbali inayo pogwiritsa ntchito ma wrenches kapena sockets. Kuphweka kumeneku pakuyika ndi kuchotsa kumawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pomanga ndi kukonza ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Mtengo - Wogwira ntchito: Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zomangira, ma studs awiri amatha kukhala okwera mtengo - njira yabwino, makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira mphamvu komanso kukhazikika kodalirika. Kupanga kwawo kokhazikika komanso kupezeka kwakukulu kumathandizira kupulumutsa ndalama, ndipo moyo wawo wautali wautumiki umachepetsa kufunika kosinthidwa pafupipafupi.
Katundu Waukulu - Kukwanitsa Kunyamula: Malingana ndi zinthu ndi kukula kwake, ma studs awiri amatha kukhala ndi katundu wambiri. Zitsulo zolimba kwambiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo cha aloyi kapena chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni zimatha kupirira mphamvu zolimba komanso zometa ubweya, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito zolemetsa m'mafakitale ndi zomangamanga.
Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira, ma studs omaliza awiri amapereka zabwino kukana dzimbiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, m'madzi, komanso m'malo owononga mafakitale, kukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.