
Makina ochapira masika amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso olimba. Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zambiri m'makalasi ngati 65Mn kapena 70, omwe amatha kutentha - amathandizidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba kwake komanso kukana kutopa.
Makina ochapira masika amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito modalirika komanso zolimba. Mpweya wa carbon ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zambiri m'magiredi ngati 65Mn kapena 70, omwe amatha kutentha - amathandizidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba kwake komanso kukana kutopa. Mawotchi otenthetsera otentha a carbon steel ma spring ma washer amapereka mphamvu zolimba kwambiri, kuwalola kuti apitirizebe kupanikizika pazigawo zomangika ndikupewa kumasuka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kapena katundu wosunthika.
Pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kukana kwa dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndichosankha. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri monga 304 ndi 316 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, kupereka chitetezo chapamwamba ku dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, kuphatikiza malo am'madzi, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi kukhazikitsa kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, ma washer amkuwa - alloy spring washers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo enaake pomwe ma conductivity amagetsi ndi anti-galling amafunikira, monga polumikizira magetsi. Makina ena ochapira masika amathanso kukhala ndi mankhwala apamtunda monga plating ya zinc, zokutira wakuda wa oxide, kapena zokutira za dacromet kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe.
Mzere wazopangira ma washers amasika amaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankhidwa ndi mapangidwe awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito:
Ma Washers amtundu wa Helical Spring: Izi ndizo mitundu yodziwika bwino, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a helical. Amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yolingana ndi ma bawuti ndi ma screw diameters osiyanasiyana, kuyambira M2 mpaka M36 kapena 1/8" mpaka 1 - 1/2". Makina ochapira masika ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa wamba, kupereka zoyambira zotsutsana ndi kumasulidwa pamakina apamakina, monga zida zamagalimoto, zopangira mipando, ndi zida zapakhomo.
Wave Spring Washers: Odziwika ndi mafunde awo - monga mbiri, ma washerwa amapereka kugawa kofanana kwa mphamvu yamasika pamtunda wokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulogalamu omwe malo ali ochepa kapena mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amafunikira. Makina ochapira ma Wave spring amapezeka mumitundu yonse iwiri - ma wave ndi ma wave ambiri, ndipo amabwera mumiyeso yofanana ndi ma washer wamba. Ndiabwino pamakina olondola, zida zamagetsi, ndi zida zamankhwala, komwe kupanikizika kosasintha ndi kukhazikitsa kocheperako ndikofunikira.
Belleville Spring Washers: Wopangidwa ngati conical disc, Belleville spring washers amatha kupanga ma axial amphamvu kwambiri ndikupatuka pang'ono. Amapangidwa kuti athe kupirira katundu wolemetsa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazovuta kwambiri, monga makina a mafakitale, zida zamafuta ndi gasi, ndi zida zamlengalenga. Ma washer masika a Belleville amapezeka mu makulidwe ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kusungidwa motsatizana kapena kufananiza kuti asinthe mphamvu yamasika malinga ndi zofunikira.
Lock Spring Washers: Zopangidwira kuti zithandizire kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito oletsa kumasula, zotsukira zotsekera zotsekera zimatha kukhala ndi zina zowonjezera monga m'mphepete mwa serrated kapena mapangidwe ogawanika. Zotsukira zotsekera zotsekera zimaluma pamalo okwerera, kukulitsa mikangano ndikuletsa kuzungulira. Gawani mawotchi otchinga, ndi mapangidwe awo a zidutswa ziwiri, amapanga chotsekera akakanikizidwa, kupereka kulumikizana kotetezeka kwambiri. Makina ochapirawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini amagalimoto, zida zomangira, ndi zida zina zomwe kukana kugwedezeka ndikofunikira.
Kupanga makina ochapira masika kumaphatikizapo njira zopangira zolondola komanso njira zowongolera zowongolera:
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zopangira zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri, kaya zitsulo za kaboni, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kapena aloyi yamkuwa, zimasankhidwa ndikumasulidwa. Zinthuzo zimawunikiridwa kuti zikhale zamtundu wapamwamba, kusasunthika kwa makulidwe, ndi mawonekedwe amakina kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo yopangira.
Kupanga: Kwa ochapira masika a helical, mzere wachitsulo umadutsa pamakina opukutira kapena masitampu, omwe amaupanga kukhala mawonekedwe a helical. Makina ochapira masika amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomwe zimapatsa mafunde - ngati mbiri, pomwe zotsukira masika za Belleville zimapangidwa ndi kupondaponda kapena kupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kuchokera padimba lachitsulo lathyathyathya. Ma washers a Lock spring amatha kupitilira njira zina zopangira ma serrations kapena mapangidwe ogawa.
Chithandizo cha Kutentha (kwa carbon steel): Makina ochapira zitsulo za kaboni nthawi zambiri amakhala otentha - amathandizidwa kuti akwaniritse bwino makina awo. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kusungunula kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwamkati, kuzimitsa kuti muonjezere kuuma, ndi kutenthetsa kuti mubwezeretse ductility ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika. Kutentha kotereku kumatsimikizira kuti ma washer amatha kuyamwa bwino kugwedezeka ndikusunga mphamvu yamasika pakapita nthawi.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba: Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi maonekedwe, ma washers a kasupe amatha kupitilira - njira zochizira. Kuyika kwa zinc kumaphatikizapo kumiza ma washer mumadzi osamba a zinc, ndikupanga wosanjikiza woteteza. Chophimba chakuda cha oxide chimapanga chowonda, chakuda, chambiri - chosasunthika pamwamba. Kupaka kwa Dacromet, chithandizo chapamwamba kwambiri, kumapereka chitetezo chapamwamba cha dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochita zapamwamba.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Gulu lililonse la ochapira masika limawunikiridwa mwamphamvu. Macheke a dimensional amatsimikizira kuti mainchesi akunja, mainchesi amkati, ndi makulidwe amakwaniritsa zomwe zafotokozedwa. Mayeso a elasticity amachitidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti ma washer amatha kupanga ndikusunga mphamvu yamasika yofunikira. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitika kuti muwone zolakwika zapamtunda, monga ming'alu, ma burrs, kapena zokutira zosagwirizana. Ochapira okha omwe amapambana mayeso onse amtundu amavomerezedwa kuti azipaka ndi kugawa.
Makina ochapira masika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zamakina:
Makampani Agalimoto: Pakupanga magalimoto, zochapira masika ndizofunikira kuti muteteze zida za injini, magawo oyimitsidwa, ndi misonkhano yamthupi. Amaletsa ma bolts ndi mtedza kuti asasunthe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa injini ndi kugwedezeka kwa msewu, kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa magalimoto.
Aerospace ndi Aviation: M'malo opangira ndege, komwe kulondola ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri, makina ochapira masika amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga injini za ndege, mapiko, ndi fuselage. Zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mankhwala apadera apamtunda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zochepetsera thupi, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kutopa.
Industrial Machinery: M'mafakitale, makina ochapira masika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza makina olemetsa, monga ma conveyor system, mapampu, ndi ma jenereta. Amathandiza kusunga umphumphu wa kugwirizana pansi pa ntchito mosalekeza ndi katundu wolemetsa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa zipangizo chifukwa cha zigawo zotayirira.
Zipangizo Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: M'makampani amagetsi, makina ochapira ma wave kasupe ndi ochapira ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ma board, zolumikizira, ndi zotchingira. Kuthekera kwawo kumapereka mphamvu zokhazikika popanda kuwononga zida zolimba zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pamisonkhano yamagetsi yolondola.
Zomangamanga ndi Zomangamanga: Pa ntchito yomanga, makina ochapira masika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumamatira zinthu zomangika, monga zitsulo zachitsulo, njanji, ndi ma scaffolding. Amawonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kumakhalabe kolimba ngakhale pansi pa katundu wosunthika komanso zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimakumana nazo pakumanga ndi kumanga mlatho.
Yogwira Anti - Kumasula: Ochapira masika amapereka njira yodalirika yotsutsa - kumasula pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotanuka mosalekeza pakati pa nati kapena mutu wa bawuti ndi malo omangika. Mphamvuyi imalimbana ndi kugwedezeka ndi mphamvu zozungulira, kuteteza mtedza ndi ma bolt kuti zisasunthike pakapita nthawi, motero kumawonjezera chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa misonkhano yamakina.
Kusinthasintha: Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, makulidwe, ndi mapangidwe, ma washers amasupe amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zofunsira. Kaya ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kamagetsi kamagetsi kapena makina akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale, pali chitsanzo choyenera cha makina ochapira masika kuti agwire ntchitoyo.
Mtengo - Wogwira ntchito: Poyerekeza ndi njira zovuta zotsutsa - kumasula, monga ulusi - zomatira zotsekera kapena zomangira zapadera, ochapira masika amapereka njira yotsika mtengo. Ndiotsika mtengo kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pamapangidwe apamwamba komanso kukonza.
Kuyika Kosavuta ndi Kuchotsa: Makina ochapira masika ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa ndikuchotsa, amangofunikira zida zoyambira zamanja. Mapangidwe awo olunjika amalola kusonkhana mwamsanga ndi kusokoneza, kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Chokhazikika komanso Chokhalitsa - Chokhalitsa: Opangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito, ochapira masika amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Amatha kupirira kukweza ndi kutsitsa mobwerezabwereza, komanso kukhudzana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito mosasinthasintha m'moyo wawo wonse.