
Mtedza wozungulira wokhala ndi mabowo atatu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake. Chitsulo cha alloy ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba.
Mtedza wozungulira wokhala ndi mabowo atatu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake. Chitsulo cha alloy ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba. Ma aloyi okhala ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, ndi vanadium amatha kutentha - amathandizidwa kuti alimbikitse kulimba, kukana kutopa, komanso kulimba. Chitsulo chotenthetsera chotenthetsera ma aloyi atatu ozungulira mtedza amatha kupirira katundu wokulirapo wa axial ndipo ndi oyenera kumakina olemetsa ndi zida zamafakitale komwe kumangirira kodalirika ndikofunikira.
Kwa madera omwe kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikofunikira, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndicho chomwe chimakonda. Makalasi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri monga 304 ndi 316 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 chimapereka zabwino zonse - kukana dzimbiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'nyumba ndi ntchito zambiri zakunja zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apakati pazinthu. Chitsulo cha 316 chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi molybdenum wapamwamba kwambiri, chimapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala owopsa, madzi amchere, komanso mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'mafakitale apanyanja, mankhwala, ndi zakudya.
Muzochitika zina zapadera, mkuwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu. Brass imapereka ma conductivity abwino amagetsi, osakhala ndi maginito, ndipo ndiosavuta kupanga makina. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi, zida, ndi ntchito pomwe chitsulo chosakhala ndi ferrous cholimbana ndi dzimbiri chimafunika. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala ochizira pamwamba monga plating ya zinc, nickel plating, kapena zokutira wakuda wa okusayidi amatha kupakidwa zitsulo pamabowo atatu a mtedza wozungulira kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba kwawo, mawonekedwe, komanso nthawi zina, kuchepetsa kukangana pakuyika.
Mzere wazogulitsa wa mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu umaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogawidwa ndi kukula, mtundu wa ulusi, ndi zina zowonjezera:
Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu: Awa ndi mitundu yoyambira, yomwe imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya metric ndi yachifumu. Kukula kwa ma metric nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku M5 mpaka M52, pomwe kukula kwachifumu kumayambira 3/16 "mpaka 2". Mtedza wamba umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi mabowo atatu otalikirana, ulusi wokhazikika, ndipo ndi oyenera ntchito zomangirira zanthawi zonse pomwe wrench kapena sipinari yokhala ndi mapini ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumangitsa kapena kumasula mtedza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina okhala ndi ma shafts ozungulira, monga ma mota ndi mapampu, kuti ateteze zinthu monga ma pulleys ndi magiya.
High - Mphamvu Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu: Zopangidwira ntchito zolemetsa zolemetsa, mtedza wamphamvu kwambiri wamabowo atatu amapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zolimba, zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri. Amakhala ndi makoma okulirapo komanso mainchesi akulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu yokhazikika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kupirira mphamvu zapamwamba za axial. Mtedzawu ndi wofunikira m'mafakitale kuti mukhale ndi zida zazikulu zamakina, monga zonyamula katundu wolemetsa ndi zida zomangira, pomwe kuthekera konyamula katundu ndikofunikira. Mtedza wamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri umabwera ndi zilembo zowoneka bwino zosonyeza mphamvu zawo zonyamula.
Chapadera - Chiwonetsero cha Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu:
Kudzitsekera Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu: Kuphatikiza makina otsekera, monga choyikapo nayiloni kapena ulusi wopunduka, mtedzawu umalepheretsa kumasuka chifukwa cha kunjenjemera kapena mphamvu yozungulira. Kudzitsekera pawokha ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe zigawo zimayenera kukhala zokhazikika mokhazikika, monga mu injini zamagalimoto, zida zam'mlengalenga, ndi makina am'mafakitale okhala ndi magawo ozungulira kwambiri.
Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu: Mtedza uwu uli ndi flange pansi pamunsi, zomwe zimawonjezera malo okhudzana ndi malo okwera. Mapangidwewa amagawira bwino katunduyo ndipo amapereka bata bwino, kupanga flanged atatu dzenje mtedza wozungulira oyenera ntchito pamene onse otetezeka kukhazikika ndi kumatheka katundu - kunyamula mphamvu chofunika, monga pa msonkhano wa lalikulu - sikelo mafakitale zida ndi heavy - makina zapansi.
Zabwino - Ulusi Mtedza Wozungulira Wamabowo Atatu: Ndi ulusi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mtedza wamba, ulusi wabwino - ulusi wa mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu umapereka kuwongolera bwino komanso kukana kumasuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina olondola, zida zowonera, ndi zida zina zomwe zimafuna kumangirira kolondola komanso kotetezeka, kulola kuwongolera bwino magawo azinthu.
Kupanga mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu kumaphatikizapo njira zopangira zolondola komanso njira zowongolera - zowongolera:
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zitsulo zachitsulo, ndodo zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kapena zosoweka zamkuwa, zimachotsedwa. Zipangizozi zimawunikiridwa mosamala kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi mankhwala, zida zamakina, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo yopangira. Zida zachitsulo zimadulidwa moyenerera molingana ndi kukula kwa mtedza.
Kupanga: Mtedza wachitsulo wozungulira mabowo atatu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kudzera munjira monga kuzizira - mutu, kutentha - kupanga, kapena kupanga makina. Kuzizira - mutu ndi woyenera kwa ang'onoang'ono - kakulidwe mtedza, kumene chitsulo amapangidwa mozungulira mawonekedwe ndi mabowo kukhomeredwa mu gawo limodzi kapena angapo ntchito zapaderazi madies. Hot - forging umagwiritsidwa ntchito zazikulu kapena apamwamba - mphamvu mtedza, kumene zitsulo ndi usavutike mtima kuti malleable boma ndiyeno zoumbidwa pansi pa kupsyinjika mkulu kukwaniritsa ankafuna mphamvu ndi dimensional molondola. Kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kapena zolondola - mtedza wofunikira, njira zopangira makina monga kutembenuza ndi mphero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe ozungulira, ulusi, ndi mabowo mwatsatanetsatane.
Ulusi: Pambuyo popanga, mtedzawu umagwira ntchito zopangira ulusi. Kugudubuza ulusi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa imapanga ulusi wolimba kwambiri pozizira - kugwira ntchito yachitsulo, kumapangitsa kuti mtedza usatope. Ngati pakufunika kulondola kwambiri, ulusi wodulira ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yopangira ulusi imafunika kuwongolera mosamala kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa ulusi, kulondola kwa mamvekedwe, komanso kugwirizana ndi mabawuti ofananira kapena mitsinje yolumikizidwa.
Kubowola Mabowo ndi Kumaliza: Mabowo atatu a mtedza wozungulira amabowoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina obowola kapena malo opangira makina a CNC. Kuyika bwino ndi kukula kwa mabowo ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kuyanjana koyenera ndi zida zomangira. Pambuyo pobowola, mtedzawo ukhoza kupitilira njira zina zomaliza, monga kutulutsa kuti achotse m'mbali zakuthwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino pakukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Feature Fabrication (zapadera - mtundu wa mtedza): Kudzitsekera nokha mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu, njira yotsekera, monga kulowetsa nayiloni kapena kupanga ulusi wopunduka, imawonjezeredwa panthawi yopanga. Mtedza wa flanged umakhala ndi flange yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yopangira kapena kupanga, ndipo mtedza wabwino - ulusi umapangidwa ndi njira zoyenera zolumikizira kuti zikwaniritse ulusi womwe umafunidwa.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba: Kukulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito, zitsulo zozungulira zitsulo zitatu zozungulira mtedza zimatha kupitilira - njira zochizira. Kuyika kwa zinc kumaphatikizapo kumiza mtedza mu njira yochuluka ya zinc kuti muyike wosanjikiza woteteza. Nickel plating imapereka malo osalala, otayira - osamva komanso amathanso kukongoletsa mawonekedwe. Kupaka kwa okosayidi wakuda kumapanga wosanjikiza wopyapyala, wakuda, wokhazikika - wosasunthika kudzera munjira yamankhwala.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Gulu lililonse la mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu limawunikiridwa mwamphamvu. Macheke amtundu amachitidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti makulidwe a nati, makulidwe, mawonekedwe a ulusi, malo a mabowo, ndi kukula kwake kumakwaniritsa miyezo. Kuyesa kwamakina, monga kuyesa kulimba komanso kuuma kwamphamvu, kumachitika kuti atsimikizire katundu - kunyamula mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mtedza. Kwa mtedza wodzitsekera, mayeso oletsa kumasula amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yotsekera ikugwira ntchito. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitikanso kuti awone zolakwika zapamtunda, ming'alu, kapena zokutira zosayenera. Mtedza wokhawo womwe umapambana mayeso onse abwino ndi omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azipaka ndi kugawa.
Mtedza wozungulira katatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
Mechanical Engineering: Paumisiri wamakina, mtedzawu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchingira zida zozungulira, monga ma pulleys, magiya, ndi ma couplings. Ndiwofunikira pakuphatikiza ma motors, mapampu, mafani, ndi makina ena okhala ndi magawo okwera, kuonetsetsa kuti zigawozo zimakhalabe pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndipo zimatha kupirira mphamvu zozungulira komanso kugwedezeka.
Magalimoto ndi Maulendo: M'makampani amagalimoto, mtedza wozungulira wa mabowo atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo za injini, makina otumizira, ndi magawo oyimitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza ma pulleys ku crankshaft kapena camshaft, kapena kuteteza zida zomwe zili mu drivetrain. Kudalirika kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kupirira kusinthasintha kwa liwiro lalikulu komanso kugwedezeka ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi chitetezo chagalimoto. M’gawo la zamayendedwe, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga malole, masitima apamtunda, ndi magalimoto ena.
Aerospace ndi Aviation: M'makampani opanga ndege, komwe kulondola komanso kudalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri, mtedza wozungulira wa mabowo atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikira injini zandege, zida zoyatsira, ndi zida zina zofunika kwambiri. Zida zamphamvu komanso zopepuka, monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena titaniyamu - aloyi atatu ozungulira mtedza wozungulira, amasankhidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakampaniwa, kuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwanyumba za ndege pakuthawa.
Zida Zamakampani: M'mafakitale, mtedzawu umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zazikulu zamafakitale, monga makina opangira, makina opangira, ndi zida zopangira magetsi. Amathandizira kumangirira magawo osiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito mokhazikika pansi pa katundu wolemetsa komanso magwiridwe antchito mosalekeza.
Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: Muzinthu zina zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, makamaka zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zida zamagetsi zozungulira monga ma mota amagetsi pazida zamagetsi zapakhomo kapena zida zamagetsi zamafakitale, mtedza wozungulira wa mabowo atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Mtedza wozungulira wa mabowo atatu, wokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso zinthu zopanda maginito, zitha kusankhidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zina zamagetsi ndi kutchinjiriza.
Kumangirira Kotetezedwa pa Ma Shaft Ozungulira: Mapangidwe a mabowo atatu a mtedzawu amalola kumangika kolondola komanso kotetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, kuwonetsetsa kuti zimagwira mwamphamvu pazigawo zomwe zimayikidwa pamiyendo yozungulira. Izi zimalepheretsa zigawozo kuti zisamasulidwe kapena kusuntha panthawi yozungulira, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makina ndi zipangizo.
Katundu Waukulu - Kukwanitsa Kunyamula: Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (monga chitsulo cha alloy chamitundu yamphamvu kwambiri), mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu utha kuthandizira katundu wokulirapo wa axial. Zapangidwa kuti zigawitse katundu mofanana, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti athe kupirira mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zosunthika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenerera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolemetsa komanso zovuta kwambiri.
Kusinthasintha: Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, makulidwe, ndi mapangidwe, mtedza wozungulira mabowo atatu amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Kaya ndi gawo lazamlengalenga lolondola - lopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, makina opangira ntchito zolemera kwambiri, kapena chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi magawo ozungulira, pali mtundu woyenera womwe ukupezeka, wopereka kusinthasintha pamapangidwe ndi kuphatikiza m'mafakitale angapo.
Kukaniza Kumasula: Chapadera - chimakhala ndi mtedza wozungulira wa mabowo atatu, monga mitundu yodzitsekera, imapereka kukana kwambiri kumasuka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, kapena mphamvu zozungulira. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe chitetezo chamagulu ndi chofunikira kwambiri, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa zida ndi ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Kusavuta Kuyika ndi Kuchotsa: Ngakhale zimafunikira zida zapadera, mapangidwe atatu-mabowo amalola kuyika kosavuta ndikuchotsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma wrenchi oyenerera kapena ma spanners okhala ndi zikhomo. Izi zimathandizira kukonza ndi kukonza, kuchepetsa nthawi yocheperako komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.