
Maboti okweza maso amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mphamvu yodalirika yonyamula katundu ndi chitetezo panthawi yonyamula. Aloyi zitsulo ndi zinthu ambiri ntchito, makamaka makalasi monga 42CrMo ndi 35CrMo.
Maboti okweza maso amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mphamvu yodalirika yonyamula katundu ndi chitetezo panthawi yonyamula. Chitsulo cha aloyi ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka magiredi monga 42CrMo ndi 35CrMo. Zitsulo za aloyizi zimakhala ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, ndi manganese, zomwe, kudzera mu njira zochizira kutentha, zimatha kukulitsa kwambiri makina a bawuti. Zitsulo zamaso zotenthedwa ndi kutentha zimawonetsa kulimba kwamphamvu, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kukana kutopa kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira katundu wolemetsa komanso kupsinjika mobwerezabwereza popanda kulephera.
Pamapulogalamu omwe corrosion resistance ndi yofunika kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndicho chinthu choyenera kusankha. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi 316 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 chimapereka chitetezo chambiri chambiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'nyumba ndi ntchito zambiri zonyamulira zakunja zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino achilengedwe. 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi molybdenum wapamwamba kwambiri, chimathandizira kukana mankhwala owopsa, madzi amchere, komanso mikhalidwe yowopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'mafakitale apanyanja, am'madzi, ndi am'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe mabawuti amatha kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zowononga.
Nthawi zina zapadera, zitsulo zolimba kwambiri za carbon zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, makamaka m'magiredi monga 8.8, 10.9, ndi 12.9. Ngakhale chitsulo cha kaboni chili ndi mphamvu yotsika ya dzimbiri poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cha aloyi, chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu pa ntchito zina zonyamulira zikaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala oyenerera apamtunda.
Mzere wazinthu zonyamulira ma bolts amaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankhidwa ndi kukula, kuchuluka kwa katundu, mtundu wamapangidwe, ndi mtundu wazinthu:
Maboti Amaso Oyimilira Okhazikika: Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Miyeso ya metric nthawi zambiri imachokera ku M8 mpaka M48, pomwe kukula kwachifumu kumayambira 5/16 "mpaka 2". Zovala zamaso zokhazikika zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kake kokhala ndi diso lozungulira kumapeto kwina ndi shank yokhala ndi ulusi kumbali inayo. Amavotera mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zolemetsa, kuyambira ma kilogalamu mazana angapo mpaka matani angapo, kutengera kukula ndi kalasi yazinthu. Zovala zamaso zokhazikika ndizoyenera kukweza ntchito zanthawi zonse pantchito yomanga, kupanga, ndi kukonza komwe zofunikira zili mkati mwazomwe zafotokozedwa.
Maboti Amaso Olemetsa Olemera: Zopangidwira ntchito zonyamula katundu wolemera kwambiri, ma bolts amaso amapangidwa ndi mainchesi akulu ndi zingwe zokulirapo. Opangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, amatha kunyamula katundu wapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri wopitilira matani 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Maboti awa ndi ofunikira m'mafakitale monga malo opangira zombo, kupanga makina olemera, ndi ntchito zomanga zazikulu komwe kukweza zida zazikulu kumafunika. Zovala zamaso zolemera kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitsulo zonyamulira ndi maunyolo zimalumikizidwa motetezeka.
Zovala Zapadera Zokweza Maso:
Swivel Kukweza Diso Bolts: Maboti awa adapangidwa ndi makina ozungulira padiso, zomwe zimalola zida zonyamulira zomwe zalumikizidwa kuti zizizungulira momasuka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe katundu amayenera kuyendetsedwa mbali zingapo, kuchepetsa ngozi yokhotakhota ndi kumanga gulaye zonyamulira. Zovala zamaso zozungulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga crane, kukonza, ndikuyika makina akulu ozungulira.
Maboti Okwezera Maso Osinthika: Maboti osinthika amaso ali ndi makina omwe amalola kutalika kwa diso kapena malo omwe amalumikizidwa kuti asinthe. Izi zimapereka kusinthasintha muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zonyamulira, makamaka pamene kutalika kapena malo a chomata akuyenera kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi ma geometries osiyanasiyana. Zimathandiza pa ntchito yomanga, yokonza, ndi yokonza kumene kusinthasintha ndikofunikira.
Maboliti a Maso a Insulated: M'malo amagetsi kapena okwera kwambiri, ma bolts amaso otetezedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma bolts awa amakutidwa kapena kumangidwa ndi zida zotchingira kuti ateteze kuyendetsa magetsi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ntchito yokweza komanso ogwira nawo ntchito. Zotsekera m'maso ndizofunika pakukweza zida zamagetsi, kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi zingwe zamagetsi, kapena nthawi iliyonse yomwe pali zoopsa zamagetsi.
Kupanga ma bolts okweza maso kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zolondola komanso njira zowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka komanso odalirika:
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zida zamtengo wapatali, monga zitsulo kapena ndodo, zimatsukidwa mosamala. Zidazi zimawunikiridwa bwino za kapangidwe kake, makina, ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yamakampani. Zida zachitsulo zimadulidwa mumitali yoyenera malinga ndi kukula kwa bawuti.
Kupanga: Zitsulo zamaso zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kudzera munjira zotentha kapena zozizira. Hot-forging imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabawuti akulu komanso olemera kwambiri. Pochita izi, chitsulocho chimatenthedwa kuti chisasunthike ndipo kenako chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufa pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kuti apange diso ndi shank. Mutu wozizira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zazing'onoting'ono, pomwe zitsulo zimapangidwira mu mawonekedwe ofunikira popanda kutentha, zomwe zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pakupanga mavoti apamwamba ndipo zimatha kusunga kulondola kwabwino.
Ulusi: Pambuyo kupanga, ma bolts amapita ku ntchito yolumikizira. Kugudubuza ulusi ndi njira yomwe imakonda kwambiri chifukwa imapanga ulusi wolimba kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo chozizira, kumapangitsa kuti bolt isatope. Ulusi wa ulusi wapadera umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa ulusi, mbiri ya ulusi, komanso kugwirizana ndi mtedza wofanana kapena mabowo opangidwa. Kwa mabawuti okhala ndi zofunikira zenizeni za ulusi, makina owonjezera olondola atha kuchitidwa.
Chithandizo cha Kutentha (kwazitsulo zazitsulo za alloy): Zitsulo za alloy zokweza maso zimatha kutsata njira zochizira kutentha kuphatikiza kuziziritsa, kuzimitsa, ndi kutentha. Annealing imachepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati muzitsulo, kuzimitsa kumawonjezera kuuma kwake, ndipo kutentha kumabwezeretsanso ductility ndikuwongolera kulimba. Njirazi zimakongoletsedwa ndi makina a ma bolts, kuwapangitsa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamphamvu komanso zogwira ntchito kwambiri pakukweza ntchito.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba: Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito, zotsekera m'maso zachitsulo zimatha kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zinc plating ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imayika zinki pamwamba pa bolt, zomwe zimateteza dzimbiri. Hot-dip galvanizing imapereka zokutira zokulirapo komanso zolimba za zinki, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panja komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Zitsulo zamaso zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitha kuthandizidwa kuti ziwonjezeke kukana dzimbiri. Nthawi zina, zokutira zapadera monga Teflon kapena zokutira zotsutsana ndi abrasion zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kukangana kapena kuteteza kuti zisavale panthawi yokweza.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino: Gulu lililonse la ma bolts okweza maso limawunikiridwa mwamphamvu. Kuyang'ana kwa dimensional kumachitidwa kuti kuwonetsetsa kuti m'mimba mwake, kutalika, ulusi, ndi kukula kwa maso kumakwaniritsa miyezo. Kuyesa kwamakina, monga kulimba kwamphamvu, kulemedwa kwa umboni, ndi kuyesa kutopa, kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi kulimba kwa mabawuti. Pazofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo, njira zoyesera zosawononga ngati kuwunika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena kuyesa kwa akupanga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwone zolakwika zamkati. Mabawuti okhawo omwe amapambana mayeso onse abwino ndi omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azipaka ndi kugawa.
Chithandizo chapamwamba pakukweza ma bolts am'maso ndikofunikira kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikutalikitsa moyo wawo wautumiki:
Zinc Plating: Zinc plating imaphatikizapo kumiza ma bolts mu njira yochuluka ya zinc kudzera mu njira ya electroplating. Izi zimayika chitsulo chochepa kwambiri cha zinc pamwamba pa bolt, chomwe chimakhala ngati chotchinga cha nsembe. Zinc wosanjikiza amawononga makamaka, kuteteza chitsulo chapansi pa dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri. Zinc plating imapereka chitetezo chambiri cha dzimbiri ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba komanso kunja kosawononga kwambiri.
Hot Dip Galvanizing: Pothirira galvanizing yotentha, ma bolts amatsukidwa koyamba ndikuwotchedwa kuti achotse zonyansa zapamtunda. Kenako, amasinthidwa kuti atsimikizire kunyowetsedwa koyenera ndi zinki wosungunuka. Pambuyo pake, mabawutiwo amamizidwa mumtsuko wosungunuka wa zinki pa kutentha pafupifupi 450 - 460 ° C. Zinc imakhudzidwa ndi chitsulo muzitsulo kupanga mndandanda wazitsulo zazitsulo za zinki, zotsatiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wakunja wa zinki. Chophimba chopangidwa ndi malata chimakhala chokhuthala komanso cholimba, chomwe chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabawuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso malo ovuta.
Stainless Steel Passivation: Pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokweza maso, chithandizo cha passivation chimachitika nthawi zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchitira bawuti pamwamba ndi asidi njira kuchotsa zoipitsa pamwamba, tinthu tachitsulo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo passive oxide wosanjikiza pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Passivation imapangitsa kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zisamawonongeke, makamaka m'malo omwe ma chloride ions kapena zinthu zina zowononga zimakhalapo.
Zopaka Zapadera: Maboti ena okweza maso amatha kulandira zokutira zapadera. Zopaka za Teflon zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse mikangano panthawi yolumikizira ndikuchotsa zonyamula, kupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosavuta komanso kuchepetsa kuvala kwa bawuti ndi gulaye. Zovala za anti-abrasion zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza bolt pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cholumikizana mobwerezabwereza ndi zida zonyamulira, makamaka pazovala zapamwamba.
Maboti okweza maso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo ndi ntchito komwe kukweza ndi kukweza kumafunika:
Makampani Omanga: Pomanga, ma bolt okweza maso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza ndi kukhazikitsa zida zomangira monga mapanelo a konkire, zitsulo zachitsulo, ndi zida zazikulu zamakina. Ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti nyumba zomangidwa bwino komanso zotetezeka, kaya ndi nyumba yogonamo, nyumba zosanjikizana zamalonda, kapena malo ogulitsa.
Makampani Opanga: M'makampani opanga, kukweza ma bolts amaso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza makina olemera, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndi zinthu zomalizidwa zoyendera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizere yolumikizirana, masitolo amakina, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu kuti asunthire ndikuyika zinthu zazikulu ndi zolemetsa molondola, kutsogoza njira yopangira ndi mayendedwe.
Makampani a Marine ndi Offshore: M'magulu apanyanja ndi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kukweza zitsulo zamaso kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zombo, kukonza zombo, ndi kumanga nsanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza zigawo za sitima zapamadzi, zida zam'madzi, komanso kukonza zombo zapamadzi ndi zida zakunja. Zofunikira zolimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo awa nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zotchingira zamagalasi zokweza maso.
Makampani Oyendera: M'makampani onyamula katundu, zonyamula m'maso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza ndi kutsitsa katundu wolemera m'magalimoto, masitima apamtunda, ndi zombo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza ndi kukonza magalimoto ndi zida zoyendera, monga kukweza ma injini, ma transmissions, ndi zida za mlatho panthawi yantchito.
Power Generation and Utility Industry: M'mafakitale amagetsi, magetsi otenthetsera komanso ongowonjezwdwa, kukweza ma bolts amaso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza zida zopangira magetsi, monga ma turbines, ma jenereta, ndi ma transfoma. Ndiwofunikanso pa ntchito yonyamula mizati yamagetsi, ma transfoma ndi zida zina poika ndi kukonza.
Kutha Kunyamula Katundu Wapamwamba: Maboti okweza maso amapangidwa ndikupangidwa kuti athe kupirira katundu wambiri. Kutengera ndi kalasi ndi kukula kwake, amatha kunyamula katundu woyambira ma kilogalamu angapo mpaka matani angapo. Mphamvu yonyamula katundu iyi imatsimikizira kukweza kotetezeka kwa zinthu zolemetsa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga.
Chitetezo Chodalirika: Chifukwa cha njira zokhwima zopangira komanso njira zowongolera bwino, kukweza ma bolts amaso kumapereka chitetezo chodalirika panthawi yokweza. Kuyesa mwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kulimba, komanso kukhulupirika kumatsimikizira kuti ma bolts amatha kudalirika kuti azichita pansi pazovuta, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso mankhwala apamwamba apamwamba monga galvanizing otentha, kukweza ma bolts a maso kumatha kukana dzimbiri bwino. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, m'madzi, komanso m'malo owononga mafakitale, kukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
Kusinthasintha: Imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, mphamvu zonyamula katundu, ndi mapangidwe, kukweza ma bolts amaso kumatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi zofunikira zonyamula. Kaya ndi ntchito yosavuta yonyamulira kapena ntchito yovuta, pali njira yoyenera yonyamulira ya bawuti kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za pulogalamuyo.
Kusavuta Kuyika ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kukweza ma bolts amaso ndikosavuta kuyika, chifukwa amatha kukulungidwa m'mabowo obowoledwa kale kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtedza woyenera. Mapangidwe awo osavuta amalola kulumikiza mwachangu zonyamula, maunyolo, kapena zida zina zolumikizira, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito okweza ndikuchepetsa nthawi yofunikira pakukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa.