- English
- Chinese
- French
- German
- Portuguese
- Spanish
- Russian
- Japanese
- Korean
- Arabic
- Irish
- Greek
- Turkish
- Italian
- Danish
- Romanian
- Indonesian
- Czech
- Afrikaans
- Swedish
- Polish
- Basque
- Catalan
- Esperanto
- Hindi
- Lao
- Albanian
- Amharic
- Armenian
- Azerbaijani
- Belarusian
- Bengali
- Bosnian
- Bulgarian
- Cebuano
- Corsican
- Croatian
- Dutch
- Estonian
- Filipino
- Finnish
- Frisian
- Galician
- Georgian
- Gujarati
- Haitian
- Hausa
- Hawaiian
- Hebrew
- Hmong
- Hungarian
- Icelandic
- Igbo
- Javanese
- Kannada
- Kazakh
- Khmer
- Kurdish
- Kyrgyz
- Latin
- Latvian
- Lithuanian
- Luxembou..
- Macedonian
- Malagasy
- Malay
- Malayalam
- Maltese
- Maori
- Marathi
- Mongolian
- Burmese
- Nepali
- Norwegian
- Pashto
- Persian
- Punjabi
- Serbian
- Sesotho
- Sinhala
- Slovak
- Slovenian
- Somali
- Samoan
- Scots Gaelic
- Shona
- Sindhi
- Sundanese
- Swahili
- Tajik
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Thai
- Ukrainian
- Urdu
- Uzbek
- Vietnamese
- Welsh
- Xhosa
- Yiddish
- Yoruba
- Zulu
- Kinyarwanda
- Tatar
- Oriya
- Turkmen
- Uyghur
Bolt + nati + washer wophatikiza atatu bawuti
Kuphatikizika kwa bolt washer mtedza wosasunthika kumapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, zosankhidwa kutengera zomwe zimafunikira pakulimba, kulimba, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mpweya zitsulo ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munsi zakuthupi, makamaka m'kalasi monga 4.8, 8.8, ndi 10.9.
Kufotokozera
chikhomo
Zogulitsa
Kuphatikizika kwa bolt washer mtedza wosasunthika nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, zomwe zimasankhidwa kutengera zomwe zimafunikira pakulimba, kulimba, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mpweya zitsulo ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munsi zakuthupi, makamaka m'kalasi monga 4.8, 8.8, ndi 10.9. Chitsulo cha carbon chotsika - giredi 4.8 chimapereka mphamvu zoyambira ndipo ndichoyenera kugwira ntchito zanthawi zonse - zomangirira pomwe zofunikira sizokwera kwambiri. Chitsulo cha carbon chapamwamba, monga 8.8 ndi 10.9, chikhoza kutentha - chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu zake, kuuma kwake, ndi kulimba kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokhoza kupirira katundu wolemera komanso ntchito zovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kuteteza zida za carbon steel kuti zisawonongeke, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo kupaka zinki, zokutira zakuda za oxide, ndi kutentha kwa dip galvanizing.
Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndicho chisankho chomwe chimakonda. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi 316 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 chimapereka chitetezo chambiri - chitetezero chambiri, ndikuchipangitsa kukhala choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba ndi kunja zambiri zowoneka bwino zachilengedwe. Chitsulo cha 316 chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi molybdenum wapamwamba kwambiri, chimathandizira kukana mankhwala oopsa, madzi amchere, komanso mikhalidwe yowopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'mafakitale apanyanja, mankhwala, ndi kukonza zakudya, komanso ntchito zakunja m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ma washers osakanikirana amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwezo monga ma bolts ndi mtedza kapena kuchokera ku zipangizo zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ochapira masika nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku kasupe - kalasi ya carbon steel kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti apereke elasticity ndikupewa kumasuka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Makina ochapira athyathyathya amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachitsulo monga chitsulo kapena mkuwa pogawa katundu, kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zosakhala zitsulo monga nayiloni kapena ulusi wotchingira magetsi, kugwedera, komanso kuteteza malo osalimba.
Zitsanzo Zamalonda
Mzere wazopangira zophatikizira zophatikizika za bolt washer nut zimaphatikizanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogawidwa ndi kukula, mtundu wa ulusi, kalasi yazinthu, ndi mtundu wa washer:
Ma Standard Combination Sets: Awa ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya metric ndi yachifumu. Kukula kwa ma metric kumayambira pa M3 mpaka M36, pomwe kukula kwa mfumu kumayambira pa #4 mpaka 1 - 1/2". Ma seti okhazikika amakhala ndi bawuti wokhazikika - ulusi wofanana, nati yofananira, ndi makina ochapira athyathyathya amodzi kapena angapo. Ndioyenera kumangirira pazomanga, kupanga mipando, ndi kupanga makina opepuka, kupereka njira yolumikizira yokhazikika komanso yodalirika.
High - Mphamvu Kuphatikiza Sets: Zopangidwira ntchito zolemetsa, zida zamphamvu kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri zitsulo zokhala ndi magiredi amphamvu ngati 12.9 a mabawuti. Ma seti awa ali ndi mabawuti akulu akulu ndi mtedza wokhuthala ndi ma washer kuti athe kuthana ndi mphamvu zometa ubweya wambiri. Ndiwofunikira pamakina am'mafakitale kuti ateteze makina olemera, zida zazikulu zamapangidwe, ndi zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito monyamula katundu wambiri komanso kugwedezeka. Ma seti amphamvu kwambiri amathanso kuphatikiziranso zochapira zapadera, monga zochapira zotsekera, kuteteza kumasuka pansi pa katundu wosunthika.
Zapadera - Zophatikiza Zophatikiza:
Anti-Corrosion Combination Sets: Ma setiwa amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo cha kaboni chokhala ndi mankhwala apamwamba othana ndi dzimbiri, monga kutentha kwa dip galvanizing ndi zokutira za Dacromet. Amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, monga madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mafakitale okhala ndi kuipitsidwa kwambiri, kapena ntchito zakunja zokhala ndi chinyezi ndi mankhwala, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali.
Ma Insulated Combination Sets: Pamagetsi kapena magetsi apamwamba, ma insulated seti amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maboliti, mtedza, ndi ma washer amakutidwa kapena amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotsekereza, monga nayiloni kapena mphira, kuti aletse magetsi. Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa ndikuletsa mabwalo amfupi, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kusonkhana gulu lamagetsi, kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi, ndi ntchito zina zamagetsi.
Self-Locking Combination Sets: Zokhala ndi mtedza wodzitsekera kapena zochapira zapadera zokhala ndi makina otsekera, ma seti awa amapereka kukana kolimba kuti asungunuke. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mapulogalamu omwe kugwedezeka kapena kusuntha kungapangitse zomangira wamba kumasuka, monga mumainjini amagalimoto, zida zoyendera, ndi makina omwe amagwira ntchito mosalekeza.
Njira Yopangira
Kupanga kophatikizana kosakanikirana kwa bolt washer nut kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zolondola komanso njira zowongolera - zowongolera pagawo lililonse:
Kupanga Bolt
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Zida zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zitsulo zachitsulo kapena ndodo, zimachotsedwa ndikuwunikiridwa mosamala kuti zikhale ndi mankhwala, makina, ndi khalidwe lapamwamba. Zida zachitsulo zimadulidwa mumitali yoyenera malinga ndi kukula kwa bawuti.
Kupanga: Zitsulo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kudzera m'mitu yozizira kapena yotentha - kupanga. Kuzizira - mutu ndi wodziwika kwa ma bawuti ang'onoang'ono, kupanga chitsulo mumutu womwe mukufuna, shank, ndi mawonekedwe a ulusi pogwiritsa ntchito kufa mu magawo angapo. Kutentha - kupanga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zazikulu kapena zapamwamba, pomwe zitsulo zimatenthedwa ndikuwumbidwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kuti zikwaniritse mphamvu zofunikira ndi kulondola kwazithunzi.
Ulusi: Pambuyo kupanga, ma bolts amapita ku ntchito yolumikizira. Kugudubuza ulusi ndi njira yomwe imakonda chifukwa imapanga ulusi wolimba kwambiri ndi kuzizira - kugwira ntchito chitsulo, kupititsa patsogolo kukana kutopa. Ulusi wapadera umatsimikizira kulondola kwa ulusi, mbiri yake, komanso kugwirizana ndi mtedza.
Chithandizo cha Kutentha (kwa ma bolt amphamvu kwambiri): Zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri za carbon kapena alloy steel bolts zitha kutenthedwa - njira zochizira monga kuyatsa, kuzimitsa, ndi kutentha kuti ziwongolere makina awo.
Kupanga Mtedza
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Mofanana ndi ma bolts, zida zopangira mtedza zimawunikidwa ndikudulidwa kukula.
Kupanga: Mtedza nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi kuzizira - mutu kapena makina opangira makina. Kuzizira - mutu ndiwothandiza pakuchulukira - kupanga mtedza wanthawi zonse, pomwe makina amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtedza wapadera kapena wolondola kwambiri.
Ulusi: Ulusi wa mtedza umadulidwa kapena kupangidwa kuti ufanane ndi mabawuti ofananira ndendende, kuwonetsetsa kuti akwanira.
Kupanga Washer
Kukonzekera Zinthu Zakuthupi: Kutengera mtundu wa washer ndi zinthu (zitsulo kapena zosakhala zitsulo), zopangira zimakonzedwa. Kwa otsuka zitsulo, mapepala achitsulo kapena amkuwa amadulidwa kukula koyenera. Zida zosakhala zachitsulo monga nayiloni nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati ma pellets opangira jakisoni.
Kupanga: Makina ochapira zitsulo amapangidwa ndi kupondaponda kapena kukhomerera kuchokera pamapepala athyathyathya. Zochapira zopanda zitsulo, monga zochapira nayiloni, zimapangidwa ndi jekeseni, pomwe zinthuzo zimasungunuka ndikubayidwa mu nkhungu kuti apange mawonekedwe ochapira.
Msonkhano
Pambuyo popanga zigawo zamtundu uliwonse, zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zochita zokha kapena zamanja kuti zitsimikizire kuphatikiza kolondola kwa bolt, nati, ndi ma washer. Zigawo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimayikidwa kuti zigawidwe.
Kuyang'anira Ubwino
Gulu lililonse lamagulu ophatikizika limawunikidwa mozama. Macheke amtundu amapangidwa pa ma bolts, mtedza, ndi ma washer kuti atsimikizire kuti akwaniritsa miyezo. Kuyesa kwamakina, monga kulimba kwa ma bolts, kuyezetsa ma torque a mtedza, ndi kuyesa kuuma, kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire katundu - kunyamula mphamvu ndi kulimba. Kwa ma seti apadera - mayeso owonjezera, monga kukana kutsekereza kwa seti zotsekera kapena kutsekera kwa seti zodzitsekera, zimachitika. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitidwanso kuti muwone zolakwika zapamtunda, ming'alu, kapena kumaliza kosayenera. Maseti okhawo omwe amapambana mayeso onse abwino ndi omwe amaloledwa kugulitsidwa.
Njira Yochizira Pamwamba
Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wakuphatikizika kophatikizika kwa bolt washer nut, njira zingapo zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Zinc Plating: Chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha zigawo za zitsulo za carbon, plating ya zinki imaphatikizapo electroplating wosanjikiza woonda wa nthaka pamwamba. Izi zimapereka chitetezo chambiri cha dzimbiri pochita ngati chotchinga choperekera nsembe, pomwe nthaka imawononga makamaka kuteteza chitsulo chapansi. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba komanso zochepa - zowononga zakunja.
Kutentha - Dip Galvanizing: Pochita izi, zigawozi zimayamba kuchotsedwa mafuta ndi kuzifutsa, kenako zimasungunuka ndi kumizidwa mu bafa yosungunuka ya zinki yomwe ili pafupi ndi 450 - 460 ° C. Zinc imakumana ndi chitsulo muzitsulo kupanga zinki - zigawo za aloyi yachitsulo ndi wosanjikiza wakunja wa zinki. Kupaka kwake kokhuthala komanso kolimba kumapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja kwa nthawi yayitali komanso malo ovuta.
Kupaka kwa Black Oxide: Chophimba chakuda cha okusayidi chimapanga chosanjikiza chopyapyala, chakuda, chakutu - chosagwira pamwamba pa zida zachitsulo cha kaboni kudzera pamachitidwe amankhwala. Sizimangopereka chitetezo cha dzimbiri komanso zimapatsa zigawozo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ofanana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe kukongola ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kumafunikira.
Stainless Steel Passivation: Pazigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, chithandizo cha passivation chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi kuchotsa zonyansa zapamtunda, tinthu tachitsulo, ndikuwonjezera kusanjikiza kwachilengedwe. Izi zimathandizira kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chisawonongeke, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi ma chloride ma ion kapena zinthu zina zowononga.
Zopaka Zapadera: Zigawo zina zitha kulandira zokutira zapadera. Zovala za Teflon zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kukangana pakukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kuti zikhale zosavuta kumangitsa ndi kumasula mabawuti. Zovala za anti-abrasion zimateteza pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka, pamene zotchingira zotsutsana ndi kulanda zimalepheretsa kuti zigawo zisamagwire pamodzi chifukwa cha okosijeni kapena kutentha kwakukulu.
Kuchuluka kwa Ntchito
Kuphatikizika kwa bolt washer nut zosakaniza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo ndi ntchito:
Makampani Omanga: Pomanga, zophatikizikazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira matabwa, zitsulo zachitsulo, ndikuyika zida zomangira. Ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa bata ndi kukhulupirika kwa nyumba, kaya nyumba, malonda, kapena mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza matabwa, ma joists, mapanelo a khoma, komanso kuika zida ndi zipangizo.
Makampani Opanga: M'mafakitale opangira, zida zophatikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza makina, zida, ndi zinthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizere yophatikizira, masitolo ogulitsa makina, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu kuti amangirire zigawo zosiyanasiyana molondola. Kuchokera kumakina ang'onoang'ono mpaka zida zazikulu zamafakitale, kuphatikiza uku kumapereka mayankho odalirika okhazikika.
Magalimoto ndi Maulendo: M'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto, kuphatikiza kumangiriza mapanelo amthupi, injini, zotumizira, ndi zina. M'gawo lamayendedwe, monga magalimoto, masitima apamtunda, ndi zombo, ma seti ophatikizika a bolt washer nut ndi ofunikira kuti ateteze zida zomangika, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa magalimoto pakugwira ntchito.
Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi: Pakuyika kwamagetsi, ma seti ophatikizika opangidwa ndi insulated amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kuwongolera magetsi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa mapanelo amagetsi, ma switchgear, ndi zida zamagetsi, komwe kumafunikira kudzipatula kwamagetsi.
Mipando ndi Ntchito Zamatabwa: Popanga mipando ndi matabwa, zinthu zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando yamatabwa, monga matebulo, mipando, ndi makabati. Mawotchi ophwanyika amathandiza kugawa katunduyo mofanana, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni, pamene ma bolts ndi mtedza amapereka kugwirizana kotetezeka.
Kusamalira ndi Kukonza: Pantchito yokonza ndi kukonza m'mafakitale onse, ma seti a mtedza wa bolt ndi ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zomangira zotha kapena zowonongeka, kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirabe ntchito komanso chitetezo cha zida ndi zomanga.
Ubwino wa Zamalonda
Kusavuta komanso Mwachangu: Mwa kuphatikiza ma bolts, mtedza, ndi ma washer kukhala seti imodzi, njira zoyikamo zimasinthidwa. Ogwiritsa sayenera kutengera magawo amtundu uliwonse payekhapayekha, kupulumutsa nthawi komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito magawo osagwirizana. Kusavuta uku kumathandizira kwambiri kukhazikitsa bwino pama projekiti osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakumanga kwakukulu mpaka ntchito zazing'ono za DIY.
Kukhazikika Kodalirika: Kuphatikiza ma bolts, mtedza, ndi ma washers amapereka njira yodalirika komanso yotetezeka yokhazikika. Otsuka amathandizira kugawa katunduyo mofanana, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zomangirira komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chomasula. Kufananiza koyenera kwa mabawuti ndi mtedza kumatsimikizira kukwanira kolimba, kotha kupirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina, kuphatikiza kupsinjika, kukameta ubweya, ndi kugwedezeka.
Kusinthasintha: Zopezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, zida, ndi mapangidwe, ma seti ophatikizika amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana zofunsira. Kaya ndi ntchito yopepuka - yokhazikika kapena yolumikizira yolemetsa, pali seti yoyenera yomwe ilipo. Makanema apadera, monga anti - corrosion, insulated, ndi mitundu yodzitsekera, amakulitsanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zawo m'malo apadera.
Mtengo - Wogwira ntchito: Kugula zinthu monga seti nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo - kothandiza kuposa kugula payekhapayekha. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyika komanso kudalirika kwa njira yolimbikitsira kumathandizira kupulumutsa ndalama zonse pama projekiti pochepetsa kufunika kokonzanso ndi kukonza chifukwa cha kulephera kwachangu.
Chitetezo Chowonjezera: M'mapulogalamu omwe chitetezo ndi chofunikira kwambiri, monga pomanga, mayendedwe, ndi ntchito zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma seti ophatikizika okhala ndi zinthu zoyenera (mwachitsanzo, ma insulated sets achitetezo chamagetsi, zida zamphamvu zolimba kwambiri zopangira umphumphu) zimathandiza kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso kudalirika kwa machitidwe.
tiuzeni
Zogwirizana zodziwika bwino
Cross countersunk makina screw
Phillips countersunk flat head machine screws amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi zosowa zapadera. Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazinthu zonse.
Mutu wa nayiloni kunja kwa hexagonal kubowola ulusi
Zomangira za pulasitiki za nayiloni zosagwira dzimbiri za hex mutu wodzibowola zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku utomoni wapamwamba kwambiri wa nayiloni, polima wa thermoplastic wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha makina ake abwino komanso mankhwala.
Mkulu mphamvu flange kunja hexagon
Black carbon steel hexagonal flange DIN6921 Class 10.9 hex flange bolts amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku chitsulo cha carbon high - quality ndi zinthu zinazake zowonjezeredwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za 10.9 - kalasi mphamvu.
Zopangira Zodzibowola za Hex Ndi EPDM Washer Carbon Steel Hexagonal Self-tapping Screw Roof Screws
●Zinthu: Zitsulo za Carbon ●Kuchiza Pamwamba: Galvanized, Black Oxide, Hot Dip Galvanizing, Dacromet，Ruspert ●Kukula: 6#,7#,8#,10#,12#,14# / ST3.5, ST3.9, ST4.2, ST4.8, ST5.5. ● Muyezo: DIN,ANSI,BSW,JIS,GB
Kudzicheka
Zomangira za konkriti pawindo la Torx drive zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kodalirika komanso kwanthawi yayitali mu konkriti ndi zida zina zomangira.
Zozungulira zozungulira mutu
Slotted pan head screws amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Chitsulo cha kaboni chimayima ngati chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
M'maso
Mtedza wamaso nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito modalirika pansi pa katundu wambiri.
Countersunk hexagon socket head cap screw
Black flat head Allen key bolts amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kulimba komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika. Mpweya wa carbon ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka m'makalasi monga 4.8, 8.8, ndi 10.9.
Kukula kwapadziko lonse
Nangula za manja amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, zosankhidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zimakhala zolimba pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Kutseka mtedza
Mtedza wa nayiloni woyika hex loko umapangidwa ndi zida ziwiri zazikulu: thupi la nati ndi choyikapo nayiloni. Thupi la nati nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha carbon, alloy steel, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kutengera zosowa zina.
Luxiubao kubowola ulusi
Misomali yodzigudubuza yokhayokha yokutidwa ndi Ruspert nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zosankhidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso zoteteza za zokutira za Ruspert.
Nati wa square
Mtedza wa square nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, zomwe zimasankhidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake.
Zozungulira zitatu dzenje chitsulo mbale mtedza
Mtedza wozungulira wokhala ndi mabowo atatu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake. Chitsulo cha alloy ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba.
Ikani khoma nangula
Nangula wapadenga amapangidwa mwaluso kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zolimba.
Nati woonda
Mtedza woonda nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimasankhidwa kutengera zomwe amafunikira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.