Khoom
Flange nrog 6 Sab Nraud Bolts
DIN6921 Hex Lub taub hau Flange zinc plating, tag nrho cov hniav, thiab GB5787 tus qauv, ua raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob siab rau hauv qib 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9.
Kev piav txog
tus cim
Khoom Siv Khoom
DIN6921 Hex Lub taub hau Flange zinc plating, tag nrho cov hniav, thiab GB5787 tus qauv, ua raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob siab rau hauv qib 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9.
Rau qib 8.8 bolts, cov hlau alloy feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li cov pa roj carbon, manganese, thiab silicon. Tom qab tau txais cov txheej txheem cua sov - kev kho mob, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntawm 640 MPa, ua rau lawv muaj zog - rau kev siv tau yooj yim hauv qab cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Qeb 10.9 Bolts yog tsim los ntawm alloy steel nrog ntau dua kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txheej txheem kev nruj dua tshiab - kev kho mob. Lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm 1000 MPa thiab tau cog lus lub zog ntawm 900 mpa, thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb, thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam zoo ntawm kev lag luam machinery thiab cov dej num ua haujlwm.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws - Qib 12.9 Bolts yog tsim los ntawm cov qib siab - zoo alloy steel nrog nruj kev tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm thiab kev kho kom sov. Lawv muab ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg ntawm 1200 mpa thiab muaj zog rau 1080 MPa, ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, thiab loj - ntsuas kev tsim kho.
Lub Daj Zinc daj plating yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm - kev kho mob. Zinc plating muaj cov txheej txheem electrating txheej ntawm zinc rau saum npoo ntawm alloy steel bolts. Qhov kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb thaum lub plating txheej txheem im daj rau zinc txheej. Qhov no zinc txheej ua ib qho kev txi ua kom muaj kev ua kom muaj kev phom sij los tiv thaiv cov hlau hauv qab, yog li txhim kho lub ntsia hlau corrosion.
Qauv Khoom Qauv
Cov khoom kab ntawm cov khoom hex flange bolts muaj ntau cov qauv cais raws li cov qauv ua qauv raws li qhov loj me, thiab ntau dua, thiab lub zog
Txheem Metric Qauv: Hauv kab nrog cov qauv muaj feem, cov bolts muaj nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm metric qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Bolt Diameters Feem ntau ntawm M6 rau M36, thaum ntev tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 10mm mus rau 300mm lossis ntau dua, nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv qauv qauv muaj tag nrho - cov qauv hniav, qhov twg cov xov txuas ntxiv nrog rau tag nrho ntev ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj shank, kom ua tiav cov kev ua tau zoo ib yam thoob plaws. Cov bolts tseem muaj hexagonal flange lub taub hau yam tsis muaj serrents, muab cov kabmob loj dua rau kev faib khoom zoo dua thaum ua kom nrawm dua.
Lub zog - graded qauv: Cov bolts tuaj hauv lub zog qib 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9. 8.8 - Qeb bolts yog nruab nrab - lub zog qauv, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv tau txhim kho, rooj tog rooj tog khoom lag luam, thiab lub teeb ci rau nruab nrab - ua haujlwm sib xyaw. 10.9 - Qeb Bolts yog cov txiaj ntsig siab - tsim nyog rau cov kev siv hauv cov cuab yeej hnyav - thiab cov khoom siv thauj mus los uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm. 12.9 - Qib Bolts yog Ultra - Cov Qauv Muaj Zog, tshwj xeeb tsim rau kev tsim kho thiab qib siab, thiab loj - nplai hauv nruab nrog kev tsim kho.
Tshwj Xeeb - Ntev thiab Kev Lag Luam Qauv: Rau cov ntawv thov nrog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb lossis kev xav tau tsim tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb - ntev thiab kev cai ua qauv muaj. Cov bolts no tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev tsis yog - tus qauv ntev nyob hauv kev thev naus laus zis teev los ntawm cov qauv muaj feem xyuam. Cov qauv kev cai kuj tseem yuav suav nrog kev hloov kho rau lub taub hau loj, Flange tuab, lossis lwm yam kev xav tau ua kom tau raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Kev tsim cov bolts ntawm cov bolts cuam tshuam ntau cov kauj ruam thaum nruj me ntsis ua raws li DIN6921, ISO4162, thiab GB5787 Cov Qauv:
Khoom npaj: High - Zoo allolo raw cov ntaub ntawv yog ua tib zoo los ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv kawm tau meej thiab cov qauv. Kev tshawb fawb nyuaj yog nqa tawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau. Cov hlau tuav lossis cov pas nrig yog tom qab ntawd txiav rau hauv qhov ntev raws li qhov muaj qhov loj me me ntawm cov bolts.
Kev sib sau: Cov hlau alloy yog tsim rau hauv tus yam ntxwv hexagonal flange lub taub hau thiab cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj lossis kub taub hau - Forging cov txheej txheem. Khaub thuas - Cov lus siv tau siv rau me me - qhov loj me bolts, uas yog qhov ua kom siab dua - ntim ntau lawm thiab muaj peev xwm raug cov duab thaum tswj qhov tseeb. Rau qhov loj dua - lub taub lossis qib siab - lub zog ntawm 2.9 thiab 12.9 qib), kub - Forging yog thov. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau lub xeev malable thiab tom qab ntawd puab nyob rau hauv kev kub siab thiab qhov loj me, suav nrog cov duab hexagonal thiab qhov loj me flange.
Thi: Tom qab tsim, cov bolts seedgo cov haujlwm. Txij li cov no yog tag nrho - cov hniav bolts, xov yog tsim raws tag nrho ntev ntawm shank. Xov yob yog cov qauv uas nyiam dua li nws tsim cov xov muaj zog los ntawm txias - ua haujlwm cov hlau, txhim kho lub cev qaug zog ntawm cov bolts. Tshwj xeeb xov tau siv los xyuas kom meej tias cov xov xov, profile, thiab qhov ntev, thiab pom zoo sib xws nrog cov txiv ntseej thiab xov.
Kev Kho Cua Sov (Rau Siab - Lub Zog Qib): Bolts ntawm lub zog yog 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9 yauv ua cua sov - kev kho mob. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog anealing los soften cov hlau thiab tshem tawm sab hauv kev ntxhov siab, quenching kom kho tau lub hardness thiab tawv rau qib siab. Cov cua sov - kev kho kho kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseeb tswj kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov qib kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv.
Daj Zinc Plating: Cov Bolts ua ntej ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov kev paug, roj, lossis xeb. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau raus hauv ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj cov tshuaj txhuam hniav dinc thiab cov tshuaj sib ntxiv. Ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no tau thov, ua rau zinc ions kom tau nyiaj rau ntawm ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thaum plating imparts xim daj rau zinc txheej. Tom qab plating, cov bolts tej zaum yuav dhau los ua cov txheej txheem kev kho mob - xws li passivation, kom ntxiv txhim kho nrog kev ua kom haum rau corrosion - tsis kam ntawm cov qauv.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Zoo: Txhua pob ntawm bolts yog yuav ua rau kev soj ntsuam nruj raws li DIN6921, ISO4162, thiab GB5787 cov qauv. Cov tshev tas mus los yog ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, ntev, lub taub hau loj, thiab flange qhov ntev ua tau raws li cov qauv ua kom pom tseeb. Kev ntsuam xyuas txhua yam, nrog rau lub zog tensile, lub zog hardness, thiab ua kom muaj zog thiab ua kom tau cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov qhab nia. Kev kuaj pom kev kuaj pom yog nqa tawm mus kuaj xyuas cov kev tsis txaus siab saum npoo av, kom zoo nkauj zinc plating, thiab tsis muaj - ua raws li cov qauv pom. Tsuas yog bolts uas dhau txhua qhov kev ntsuas tau raug pom zoo rau kev ntim khoom thiab xa tawm.
Cov txheej txheem kev kho deg deg
Lub Daj Zinc Daj - Plating Deg Kev Kho Mob yog qhov tseem ceeb uas muab kev tiv thaiv no thiab txheeb xyuas rau cov bolts no:
Zinc plating txheej txheem: Cov txheej txheem zinc - plating txheej txheem pib nrog kev tu kom huv si ntawm cov ntsia liaj sib tw kom tshem tawm cov av, roj, lossis cov roj oxide. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb cov nplaum zoo ntawm cov txheej zinc. Cov Bolts yog tom qab ntawd raus hauv ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj zinc - nplua nuj electrolyte kev daws teeb meem. Thaum muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm da dej, Zinc ions yog nyiam rau cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tso nyiaj ua cov txheej txheem hlau. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej zinc feem ntau tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm 5 - 15 microns, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov kev cai thiab cov qauv kev tshwj xeeb, muab ib txheej tiv thaiv corrosion.
Daj Txheej Tsim: Qhov txawv xim daj ntawm zinc txheej yog tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj hluav taws xob. Cov neeg sawv cev no tau hnov mob nrog zinc thaum lub plating txheej txheem los ua ib tug nyias, xim zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm zinc txheej. Qhov xim daj no tsis tsuas yog ua kom pom kev zoo nkauj tab sis kuj muab cov khoom siv corrosion ntxiv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom passivation ntawm zinc nto.
Tshaj Tawm - Kev Kho Mob: Tom qab zinc plating, cov bolts tej zaum yuav dhau mus tom qab kev xa khoom - kev kho mob, xws li passivation. Passivation cuam tshuam nrog kev raus dej rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg, feem ntau muaj cov chromates lossis lwm tus neeg sawv cev passivating. Cov txheej txheem no ua cov txheej roj nyias nyias, tiv thaiv oxide rau ntawm zinc nto, ntxiv txhim kho nws corrosion tsis kam thiab kav ntev. Kev kho mob passivation kuj tseem pab tswj cov xim daj ntawm txheej thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev puas tsuaj, kom ua rau lawv cov tsos thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom thaum siv.
Daim ntawv thov tau
DIN6921 Hex Lub taub hau flange bolts nrog cov hniav daj ua plarating, tag nrho cov hniav, thiab GB5787 tus qauv, tau siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam thiab cov ntawv thov:
Lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho: Hauv cov haujlwm tsim kho, cov bolts tau siv rau ntau cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv, suav nrog Fastening Hlau Beams, Txhua, thiab Trusses. Qhov sib txawv hauv lub zog kawm tau cia rau kev xaiv raws li cov kev thauj khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, 8.8 - Qib Bolts yog tsim nyog rau cov tuam txhab vaj tsev lag luam loj heev - nce vaj tse, txuas hniav, thiab loj - nplai muaj nroj tsuag. Lub Hexagonal Flange Lub taub hau tsim cov qauv tsim tawm cov neeg muaj cai ntau ntxiv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj saum npoo av thiab txhim kho qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas. Lub Dinc Plating Daj muab corrosion tsis kam, tiv thaiv cov bolts los ntawm cov khoom hauv ob qho chaw ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov chaw ua haujlwm.
Muaj Machinery Manufacturing: Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam machinery, cov bolts no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib dhos cov khoom sib dhos, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab txuas ntau ntu. Kev Kub Siab - Lub Zog Qib Qib Zoo li 10.9 thiab 12.9 yog siv los tiv thaiv cov nra hnyav thiab tshee tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tag nrho - cov hniav tsim ua kom muaj zog sib xws thiab txhim khu kev qha kom meej thiab noo noo, txuas ntxiv cov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov bolts thiab cov tshuab lawv sib dhos.
Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam Tsheb Thauj Mus Los: Hauv kev lag luam Automotive, cov bolts no tau siv rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos tsheb, xws li txuas cov cav sib dhos, cov chassis seem, thiab cov vaj huam sib luag. Lub zog sib txawv hauv qib siab tuaj yeem ntsib ntau muaj ntau yam kev thauj khoom - cov kabmob muaj ntawm kev siv hauv tsheb ntau yam. Cov Zinc Zinc Daj daj pab cov bolts tiv thaiv cov kev ua haujlwm hnyav, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb, noo noo, thiab huab cua huab cua sib txawv. Hauv kev thauj mus los hauv kev thauj mus los, rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, thiab cov nkoj, cov bolts yog siv rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov tsheb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam, me - bolts bolts yog siv rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov paib hluav taws, thiab cov khoom siv. Tag nrho - cov hniav tsim tso cai rau kev ua kom nruj, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob corrosive, kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov av noo thiab cov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.
Cov Khoom Siv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Installation thiab txij nkawm: Rau cov cuab yeej siv dav dav thiab kev kho cov haujlwm hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, cov Bolts muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tus nqi - ua tau zoo nrawm tov. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab lub zog kawm, raws li cov qauv kev cuam tshuam, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau hom khoom siv thiab cov ntawv thov. Qhov yooj yim - rau - txheeb xyuas cov xim daj - plated txheej kuj tseem pab tau qhov tshwj xeeb uas yog lwm tus bolts thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab hloov cov txheej txheem.
Cov khoom lag luam zoo
Kev Kub Siab - Lub Zog thiab Txhim Kho Kom Yooj Yim: Nrog cov qib muaj zog 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9, cov bolts uas muaj zog sib txuas thiab nrog cov khoom siv hnyav, kev tshee, thiab shear rog. Tag nrho - cov hniav tsim ua kom muaj zog sib xws thiab txhim khu
Zoo tshaj corrosion Kuj: The Daj Zinc - plating muab cov xim daj ua tau zoo, tiv thaiv cov hlau Alloy steel bolts los ntawm xeb thiab degradation. Cov txheej zinc zinc raws li kev ua kom muaj kev tua fij, thiab cov kev xa khoom - kev kho cov txheej txheem ntxiv txhim kho nws cov khoom tiv thaiv. Qhov no ua rau cov bolts haum rau siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov chaw ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov dej noo, cov av noo, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Qauv tsim thiab kev sib raug zoo: Ua raws li DIN6921, ISO4162, thiab GB5787 tus qauv, cov txiaj ntsig GB5787 muab cov qauv tsim qauv, kom pom kev sib txawv thiab sib txuas lus sib txawv ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem qhov ntev, xov cov lus tshwj xeeb, thiab lub taub hau tsim tso cai rau kev hloov pauv yooj yim thiab kev teeb tsa, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov yuam kev hauv kev sib txoos.
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Tawm: Lub Hexagonal Flange lub taub hau yam tsis muaj serrage muab cov kabmob loj dua li cov kab mob hex li niaj zaus piv rau cov pob tw hex. Cov qauv no tau faib cov neeg nplua nuj thaum lub sijhawm nrawm dua, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm sab nraud, tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv softer, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov ruaj khov ntawm kev sib txuas. Nws yog tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov txuas nrog tsawg kawg nkaus deformation yog yuav tsum tau.
Qhia Txog Kev Yooj Yim: Qhov txawv xim daj ntawm zinc txheej ua cov bolts yooj yim pom cov cim yooj yim, yooj yim xaiv xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa thaum sib dhos thiab kev tswj hwm. Qhov kev kuaj pom no yuav pab tiv thaiv sib xyaw - UPS nrog rau lwm hom bolts, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb.
Tus nqi - ua tau zoo: Muab kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi, cov bolts muab tus nqi - kev daws teeb meem nrawm nrawm rau ntau cov ntawv thov. Lawv qhov kev tsim khoom zoo, muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab ua tau zoo, thiab kev ua kom zoo corrosion, thiab kev txuag kev txuag nqi hauv cov dej num los ntawm kev txo qis hloov rau kev hloov pauv ntau zaus thiab saib xyuas.
Tiv Tauj Peb
Muaj feem xyuam cov khoom nrov
NROV PEB-QHOV HLAU PIM QUB
Peb lub qhov muag txiv ntoo yog feem ntau ua tau los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv, txhua tus tau xaiv los ua raws li kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Alloy steel yog cov khoom siv uas siv tau, tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog siab thiab kav ntev.
Tsev ntaub
Cov ntawv txuas ncaj yog cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, txhua tus raug xaiv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov hlau me me yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav - lub hom phiaj kev siv.
Lub Tsheb Xiav Thiab Dawb Kho Phab Ntsa Thauj Tog Rau Nkoj
Xiav Dawb Npoo Thauj Anchors yog feem ntau tsim los ntawm cov hlau roj av, uas yog cua sov - kho kom zoo dua nws cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, suav nrog lub zog ua kom muaj zog thiab tawv.
Lub Tebchaws Txheej Txheem Exactansion
Lub tes tsho yog tsim siv ntau yam cuab yeej siab - cov ntaub ntawv zoo, ua tib zoo xaiv los ua kom paub meej cov kev siv muaj kev sib txawv.
Khob taub hau hexagon ntsag ntsia hlau
Knurled Hex Allen ntswj ntswj lub taub hau screws yog feem ntau crafted los ntawm cov khoom siv siab - cov khoom siv zoo kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig. Carbon Steel yog cov siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qib nyiam 4.8, 8.8, thiab 10.9.
4.8 Theem
GB5783 Xiav Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Tag Nrho Cov Xov Ntaus Hex raws li cov khoom siv hauv paus, feem ntau nyob rau qib xws li 4.8, 8.8, thiab 10.9.
Vuam txiv ntseej
Weld Txiv Ntseej yog feem ntau cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev mob siab - kev ntxhov siab thaum ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab yooj yim. Tsawg - carbon steel yog cov siv feem ntau yog vim nws zoo heev weldability.
Nylon Taub Hau Sab Nraum Hexagonal Laum Xov
Nylon yas xeb-pov thawj hex taub hau drilling screws yog feem ntau bricated screws yog feem ntau cov nylon rapated rau nws cov neeg kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Loj Tiaj Tus Ntoo Hla Laum
Dacromet pancake taub hau tus kheej - drilling cov ntsia hlau yog xuas tes ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv siab, ua tib zoo xaiv kom tau txais kev thov sib txawv. Carbon Steel yog ib txwm ua haujlwm cov khoom siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qib xws li 45 # thiab 65mn.
Lub txiv ntseej
Nylon ntxig hex lock txiv ntoo yog feem ntau muaj ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb: lub txiv ntoo lub cev thiab cov nylon ntxig. Lub txiv ntoo yog feem ntau ua los ntawm highon carbon steel, Alloy Steel, Alloy Hlau, lossis Stainless Hlau, lossis Stainless Hlau, lossis Stainless Hlau, lossis cov neeg xaiv raws li cov kev xav tau.
Daim Card Lub Taub Hau
Forged Hlau Hlua Clamps yog feem ntau ua tau los ntawm High - lub zog ntaub ntawv los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau yooj yim ntawm cov hlua xaim hlau. Cov hlau roj carbon steel yog cov khoom siv uas siv tau, tshwj xeeb hauv qib nyiam 45 # lossis 65mn.
Tus txiv ntseej txiav
Nyias ceev feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, txhua tus xaiv raws li cov kev xav tau thiab xav tau kev ua tau zoo.
Dacromet sab nrauv rau
Dacromet galvanized qib 8.8 thiab 10.9 High - Tensile B "hex taub hau polts thiab lub zog alloyoy alloy hlau raws li cov khoom siv hauv paus.
Square txiv ntseej
Square txiv ntseej yog feem ntau tsim los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv siab - cov ntaub ntawv zoo, txhua tus raug xaiv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Luxiubao Laum Xov
Tus kheej - Tapping Screws rau cov ntiv tes coated nrog ruspert yog tsim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo - ua tib zoo xaiv ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev tiv thaiv ntawm Russus txheej.
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