
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka bolt washer nut hui pū ʻia i hana maʻamau ʻia mai nā ʻano mea kiʻekiʻe - maikaʻi loa, i koho ʻia ma muli o nā koi noi no ka ikaika, ka lōʻihi, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO ke kila kalapona ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā māka e like me 4.8, 8.8, a me 10.9.
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka bolt washer nut hui pū ʻia i hana maʻamau ʻia mai nā ʻano mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, i koho ʻia ma muli o nā koi noi no ka ikaika, ka lōʻihi, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO ke kila kalapona ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā māka e like me 4.8, 8.8, a me 10.9. Hāʻawi ka hao kalapona haʻahaʻa 4.8 i ka ikaika kumu a kūpono ia no nā hana hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ma kahi ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi ukana. ʻO ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, e like me 8.8 a me 10.9, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela - e hoʻonui i kona ikaika tensile, paʻakikī, a paʻakikī, hiki iā ia ke kū i nā ukana kaumaha a me nā kūlana hana ʻoi aku ka koi. No ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila kalapona mai ka ʻinoʻino, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili maʻamau e komo pū me ka zinc plating, ka uhi ʻeleʻele oxide, a me ka galvanizing wela.
No nā noi e koi ana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ke kila stainless ka mea i koho ʻia. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā māka kila kila 304 a me 316. Hāʻawi ʻo 304 stainless steel i ka pale corrosion maʻamau, kūpono ia no nā noi i loko a me waho me ka ʻike kūlohelohe. 316 stainless steel, me kona kiʻekiʻe molybdenum maʻiʻo, hāʻawi i hoʻoikaika i ke kū'ēʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻakai, ka wai paʻakai, a me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, i mea kūpono no ka moana, kemika, a me ka meaʻai - hana ʻoihana, a me nā papahana waho ma nā kahakai.
Hiki ke hanaʻia nā mea holoi i ka huiʻana mai nā mea like me nā bolts a me nā nati a iʻole mai nā mea kūikawā. No ka laʻana, hana pinepine ʻia nā mea holoi puna mai ka puna - grade carbon steel a i ʻole ke kila kila e hāʻawi i ka elasticity a pale i ka wehe ʻana ma muli o ka haʻalulu. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā mea metala e like me ke kila a i ʻole ke keleawe no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ukana, a i ʻole mai nā mea metala ʻole e like me ka nylon a i ʻole fiber no ka insulation uila, ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, a me ka pale ʻana i nā wahi palupalu.
ʻO ka laina huahana o ka hui pū ʻana o ka bolt washer nut hui pū ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui, ke ʻano o ke kaula, ka pae waiwai, a me ke ʻano mea holoi:
Nā Pūʻali Hui Kūʻai: ʻO kēia nā ʻano maʻamau, loaʻa i nā ʻano nui o nā metric a me nā nui imperial. Mai ka M3 a hiki i ka M36 ka nui metric, ʻoiai e uhi ana ka nui imperial mai #4 a hiki i 1 - 1/2". Aia nā pūʻulu maʻamau i ke kī maʻamau - thread pitch bolt, kahi nut like, a hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā mea holoi paʻa.
Kiʻekiʻe - ikaika hui pūʻulu: Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā noi kaumaha, hana ʻia nā pūʻulu ikaika kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea kiʻekiʻe aʻe, i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ke kila me nā māka ikaika e like me 12.9 no nā bolts. Loaʻa i kēia mau pūʻulu nā kī nui - anawaena a me nā nati ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a me nā mea holoi e mālama ai i ka ikaika tensile a me ka ʻā. He mea koʻikoʻi lākou i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana no ka mālama ʻana i nā mīkini kaumaha, nā ʻāpana hana nui, a me nā mea hana e hana ana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻalulu. Hiki i nā pūʻulu ikaika kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻokomo i nā mea holoi kūikawā, e like me nā mea holoi laka, e pale ai i ka wehe ʻana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa ikaika.
Kūikawā - Nā Hui Hoʻohui Hiʻohiʻona:
Nā Pūʻali Hoʻohui Anti-Corrosion: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau pūʻulu me nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai ke kila kila a i ʻole ke kila kalapona me nā lāʻau anti-corrosion surface kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hot-dip galvanizing a me Dacromet coating. Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni paʻakikī, e like me nā wahi kahakai, nā wahi ʻoihana me ka pollution kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā noi waho i ʻike ʻia i ka makū a me nā kemika, e hōʻoia ana i ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi.
Nā Pūʻulu Hoʻohui i Insulated: Ma ka uila a kiʻekiʻe-volta noi, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūʻulu insulated. Hoʻopili ʻia nā bolts, nuts, a me nā mea holoi lole mai nā mea insulating, e like me ka nylon a i ʻole ka lāʻau, e pale ai i ka hoʻokele uila. Mālama kēia i ka palekana o ka hoʻokomo ʻana a pale i nā kaapuni pōkole, kūpono ia no ka hui ʻana o ka panel uila, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lako uila, a me nā hana uila ʻē aʻe.
Nā Paʻa Paʻa Paʻa Pono: Ke hōʻike nei i nā nati paʻa ponoʻī a i ʻole nā mea holoi kūikawā me nā mīkini laka, hāʻawi kēia mau pūʻulu i ke kūʻē i ka wehe ʻana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā noi kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai ka haʻalulu a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau, e like me nā ʻenekini kaʻa, nā mea halihali, a me nā mīkini me ka hana mau.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana o ka hui ʻana o ka bolt washer nut hui pū ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻanuʻu kikoʻī he nui a me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi - nā ana mana no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana:
Hana ʻia ʻo Bolt
Hoʻomākaukau Mea: Loaʻa ʻia nā kumu waiwai kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā kaola kila a i ʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau, a nānā pono ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili. A laila ʻoki ʻia nā mea metala i nā lōʻihi kūpono e like me nā koi nui o ka bolt.
Hoʻokumu: Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā pōkā metala ma o ke anu - poʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka wela - hoʻopaʻa ʻana. He mea maʻamau ke poʻo anu - no nā bolts liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i ka metala i ke poʻo i makemake ʻia, ka shank, a me ke ʻano milo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka make i nā pae he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka nui a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe - i nā bolts ikaika, kahi e wela ai ka metala a hana ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika a me ka pololei o ke ana.
Heluhelu: Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, e hana nā bolts i nā hana wili. ʻO ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana o ka milo he ʻano hana i makemake ʻia no ka mea e hana ana i kahi kaula ikaika ma ke anuanu - hana i ka metala, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke kūpaʻa luhi. ʻO ka make ʻana o ka threading kūikawā e hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka pitch pitch, profile, a me ka launa pū me nā hua.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela (no nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe): Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau e like me ka annealing, ke kinai ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā bolts kila kila kiʻekiʻe.
Hana Nut
Hoʻomākaukau Mea: E like me nā bolts, nānā ʻia nā mea maka no nā nati a ʻoki ʻia i ka nui.
Hoʻokumu: Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā nati e ke anu - poʻo a i ʻole nā hana mīkini. Maikaʻi ke poʻo anu - no ka hana ʻana i nā nati maʻamau, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mīkini no nā nati kūikawā a kiʻekiʻe paha.
Heluhelu: Ua ʻoki ʻia a hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaula ma nā nati e hoʻohālikelike pono i nā bolts e pili ana, e hōʻoia ana i ke kūpono kūpono.
Hana Washer
Hoʻomākaukau Mea: Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea holoi lole a me nā mea (metal a i ʻole - metal), ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea maka. No nā mea holoi metala, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana kila a keleawe paha i ka nui kūpono. ʻO nā mea metala ʻole e like me ka nylon i ka ʻano pellet no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
Hoʻokumu: Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā mea holoi metala ma ke kahakaha ʻana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana mai nā pā palahalaha. ʻO nā mea holoi lole ʻole, e like me ka nylon washers, i hana ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka mea a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi lua mold e hana i ke ʻano o ka mea holoi.
Ahahui
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, hoʻohui ʻia lākou i nā pūʻulu. Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā kaʻina hana automated a manual paha e hōʻoia i ka hui kūpono o ka bolt, nut, a me nā mea holoi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pūʻulu i hui ʻia no ka hāʻawi ʻana.
Nānā maikaʻi
ʻO kēlā me kēia pūʻulu hui pū e nānā pono ʻia. Hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka dimensional ma nā bolts, nuts, a me nā mea holoi e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua mechanical, e like me ka ikaika tensile no nā bolts, nā hoʻāʻo torque no nā nuts, a me nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī, e hana ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hiki ke amo a me ka lōʻihi. No nā pūʻulu hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kūpaʻa insulation no nā pūʻulu insulated a i ʻole ka hana paʻa ʻana no nā pūʻulu paʻa ponoʻī. Hana ʻia nā nānā ʻike maka no ka nānā ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili, nā māwae, a i ʻole nā hopena kūpono ʻole. ʻApono ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā pūʻulu i hala i nā hoʻāʻo maikaʻi a pau.
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ke ola o ka hui pū ʻana o ka bolt washer nut i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana lapaʻau like ʻole:
Hoʻopili Zinc: ʻO kahi lapaʻau maʻamau no nā ʻāpana kila kalapona, pili ka zinc plating i ka electroplating i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka zinc ma ka ʻili. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pale corrosion maʻamau ma ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he pale ʻālana, kahi e ʻino ai ka zinc no ka pale ʻana i ke kila o lalo. He kūpono ia no loko a me ka liʻiliʻi - corrosive waho noi.
Wela - Dip Galvanizing: Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻia nā ʻāpana a ʻokiʻoki ʻia, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoinu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻauʻau zinc hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi o 450 - 460°C. Hoʻopili ka zinc me ka hao i loko o ke kila e hana i ka zinc - iron alloy layers a me kahi papa zinc maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka hopena o ka uhi mānoanoa a paʻa loa e hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa, e kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waho no ka wā lōʻihi a me nā kaiapuni paʻakikī.
ʻAi ʻEleʻele: Hoʻokumu ka uhi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele - kūpaʻa ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea kila kalapona ma o ka hopena kemika. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi wale i kahi pale corrosion akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā ʻāpana i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani, ʻano like, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā noi kahi e koi ʻia ai nā aesthetics a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maʻalahi.
Kūleʻa Kūleʻa: No nā ʻāpana kila kila, ʻo ka mālama passivation ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻakika e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea haumia o ka ʻili, nā ʻāpana hao, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka papa ʻokikene passive kūlohelohe. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka pale ʻana o ke kila kila, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi me nā ion chloride a i ʻole nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopiʻi kūikawā: Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau ʻāpana nā uhi kūikawā. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi Teflon e hōʻemi i ka friction i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā bolts. Mālama nā pale anti-abrasion i ka ʻili mai nā ʻōpala a me nā pōʻino, ʻoiai nā pale anti-seize e pale i nā ʻāpana mai ka hopu pū ʻana ma muli o ka oxidation a i ʻole ka ʻike wela kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hui pū ʻana o ka bolt washer nut i nā ʻoihana he nui a me nā noi:
Hana Hana: I ke kūkulu ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hui ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hale lāʻau, ka hana metala, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hale. Pono lākou no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka paʻa a me ka pololei o nā hale, inā i loko o nā hale noho, ʻoihana, a i ʻole nā hale ʻoihana. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kaola, joists, a me nā panela pā, a me ke kau ʻana i nā mea paʻa a me nā mea hana.
ʻOihana Hana Hana: Ma ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūʻulu hui no ka hui ʻana i nā mīkini, nā lako, a me nā huahana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā laina hui, nā hale kūʻai mīkini, a me nā hale kūʻai e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Mai nā ʻāpana mīkini liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā mea hana ʻenehana nui, hāʻawi kēia mau hui i nā hoʻonā paʻa pono.
Kaʻa a me ka lawe ʻana: I ka ʻoihana kaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hui kaʻa, me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā panela kino, nā mīkini, nā hoʻouna, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻoihana kaʻa, e like me nā kaʻa, nā kaʻaahi, a me nā moku, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka bolt washer nut set he mea koʻikoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana, e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā kaʻa i ka wā e hana ai.
Uila a me Electronics: Ma nā hoʻonohonoho uila, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūʻulu hoʻohui insulated e pale i ka hoʻokele uila, e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā ʻōnaehana uila. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā panela uila, switchgear, a me nā lako uila, kahi e pono ai ke kaʻawale uila.
Lako a me ka hana laau: No ka hana ʻana i nā lako a me ka hana lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hui ʻana e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana lako lāʻau, e like me nā papaʻaina, nā noho, a me nā keʻena. Kōkua nā mea holoi paʻa i ka puʻunaue like ʻana i ka ukana, e pale ana i ka pōʻino o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai nā bolts a me nā nati e hāʻawi i kahi pilina paʻa.
Mālama a hoʻoponopono: Ma ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana hoʻoponopono ʻana ma nā ʻoihana āpau, pono ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o ka hui ʻana i nā nut washer nut. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻololi i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopōʻino, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana a me ka palekana o nā mea hana a me nā hale.
ʻO ka maʻalahi a me ka pono: Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā bolts, nuts, a me nā mea holoi i loko o kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻokahi, ua maʻalahi nā kaʻina hoʻonohonoho. ʻAʻole pono nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana pākahi, mālama i ka manawa a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia ʻoluʻolu i ka pono o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā papahana like ʻole, mai ka hana nui a hiki i nā hana DIY liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻopili hilinaʻi: ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā bolts, nati, a me nā mea holoi e hāʻawi i kahi hopena paʻa paʻa a paʻa. Kōkua nā mea holoi e puʻunaue like i ka ukana, e pale ana i ka pōʻino o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono o nā bolts a me nā nati e hōʻoia i kahi paʻa paʻa, hiki ke kū i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ukana mīkini, me ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻā, a me ka haʻalulu.
ʻAno ʻano: Loaʻa i ka nui o nā nui, nā mea waiwai, a me nā hoʻolālā, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā hoʻonohonoho hui ʻana i nā koi noi like ʻole. Inā he hana hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi a i ʻole kahi hoʻopili hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi, aia kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpono i loaʻa. ʻO nā pūʻulu hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, e like me ka anti - corrosion, insulated, a me nā ʻano paʻa ponoʻī, e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou noi noi ma nā wahi kūikawā.
Kumukuai - Pono: ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he hoʻonohonoho hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana iā lākou pākahi. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka manawa hoʻokomo a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hoʻoponopono hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hāʻawi i ka mālama kālā holoʻokoʻa i nā papahana ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pono no ka hana hou a me ka mālama ʻana ma muli o nā hemahema o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
Hoʻonui i ka palekana: Ma nā noi kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka palekana, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka hana uila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūʻulu hui pū me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono (e like me, insulated sets for electrical safety, high - strength set for structural integrity) kōkua e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā limahana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana.