
Waɗannan kusoshi na tsarin da farko suna amfani da bakin karfe a matsayin kayan tushe, wanda ke ba su kyakkyawan juriya da karko.
Waɗannan kusoshi na tsarin da farko suna amfani da bakin karfe a matsayin kayan tushe, wanda ke ba su kyakkyawan juriya da karko. Bakin karfe maki fiye da aiki sun hada da 304 da 316. Grade 304 bakin karfe bayar da kyau general - manufa lalata kariya, sa shi dace da na cikin gida da kuma da yawa a waje aikace-aikace tare da matsakaici muhalli fallasa. Bakin karfe 316, wanda ya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin molybdenum, yana ba da ingantaccen juriya ga sinadarai masu tsauri, ruwan gishiri, da matsanancin yanayi, yana mai da shi zaɓin da aka fi so don ayyukan gine-gine na ruwa, sinadarai, da bakin teku.
"HDG" a cikin sunan samfurin yana nufin Hot - Dip Galvanizing (HDG), ƙarin magani na kariya. Bayan an samar da bakin-karfe, ana nitsar da su a cikin ruwan wanka na tutiya na zube a kusan 450-460°C. Zinc yana amsawa tare da saman bakin karfe don samar da jerin nau'ikan zinc - yadudduka na gami da ƙarfe, sannan kuma tsantsar tukwane na waje. Wannan rufin galvanized mai kauri da ɗorewa yana ƙara haɓaka juriya na ɓarna, yana ba da ƙarin kariya daga abubuwan da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis a wurare daban-daban.
Layin samfur na ASTM A325/A325M HDG bakin karfe - cikakken / rabi - zaren maƙallan tsarin hexagon mai nauyi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka rarraba bisa ga ka'idodin ASTM, tare da girman, nau'in zaren, da kaya - ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi:
Standard Metric da Samfuran Imperial: A cikin layi tare da ASTM A325 (Imperial) da ASTM A325M (metric) ma'auni, waɗannan kusoshi suna samuwa a cikin nau'i mai yawa. Ga tsarin daular, diamita yawanci kewayo daga 1/2" zuwa 1 - 1/2", yayin da a cikin tsarin awo, suna daga M12 zuwa M36. Tsawon kusoshi na iya bambanta daga 2" (ko 50mm) zuwa 12" (ko 300mm) ko fiye, dangane da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Madaidaitan samfuran suna nuna ko dai cikakken - zaren ko rabin - ƙirar zaren. Cikakkun igiyoyi masu cike da zaren suna da zaren tare da tsawon tsayin shank, suna ba da daidaitaccen aikin haɓakawa, yayin da rabin-ƙulla zaren suna da zaren akan kawai ɓangaren shank, wanda ke da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar ɓangaren da ba a haɗa shi ba don rage juzu'i ko don takamaiman kaya - buƙatun rarraba.
Babban - Load - Samfuran Ƙarfi: Injiniyan ƙira don aikace-aikacen tsarin aiki masu nauyi, babba - kaya - ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki an tsara su tare da manyan diamita da kauri mai kauri don ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ana amfani da waɗannan kusoshi sau da yawa a cikin mahimman hanyoyin haɗin ginin manyan gine-gine, gadoji, da wuraren masana'antu. Suna bin tsauraran matakan girma da buƙatun aikin ASTM A325/A325M, suna tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi da matsanancin yanayi.
Musamman - Samfuran Aikace-aikace: Don yanayin gini na musamman, na musamman - samfuran aikace-aikacen suna samuwa. Waɗannan ƙila sun haɗa da kusoshi tare da takamaiman filayen zaren, tsayin al'ada, ko gyaggyaran sifofin kai. Misali, a cikin wasu hadaddun ƙira na tsari, ƙusoshi tare da tsayin da ba - zaren zare ko bayanan bayanan zare na musamman ana buƙatar don saduwa da madaidaicin taro da buƙatun ɗaukar nauyi. Waɗannan samfuran aikace-aikacen na musamman har yanzu suna bin ka'idodin ASTM A325/A325M yayin da suke ba da mafita na musamman don takamaiman ayyuka.
Samar da ASTM A325/A325M HDG bakin karfe - cikakken / rabi - zaren madaidaicin tsarin tsarin hexagon ya ƙunshi matakan daidaitattun matakai yayin da yake bin ƙa'idodin ASTM da inganci - matakan sarrafawa:
Shirye-shiryen Kayayyaki: Bakin ƙarfe mai inganci - kayan albarkatun ƙarfe, kamar sandunan ƙarfe ko sanduna, ana samun su a hankali. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje mai tsauri don tabbatar da abubuwan sinadaran, kaddarorin inji, da ingancin kayan, tabbatar da sun dace da buƙatun ASTM A325/A325M da ƙayyadaddun makin ƙarfe - ƙarfe. Bakin - kayan ƙarfe an yanke su zuwa tsayin da suka dace bisa ga ƙayyadaddun buƙatun girman kusoshi.
Samar da: Ƙarfe bolts yawanci ana samuwa ta hanyar sanyi - kan gaba ko zafi - hanyoyin ƙirƙira. Cold - kan gaba ana amfani da shi don ƙananan kusoshi masu girma. A cikin wannan tsari, bakin - karfe yana siffata zuwa cikin halayen hex mai nauyi mai nauyi da kuma gunkin shank ta amfani da mutu a matakai da yawa. Wannan hanyar tana da inganci don samar da girma mai girma kuma tana iya ƙirƙirar ingantattun sifofin zaren da sifofi yayin kiyaye bin ka'idojin ASTM' haƙuri. Ana amfani da ƙirƙira mai zafi zuwa babba ko babba - ƙarfin kusoshi, inda bakin ƙarfe - ƙarfe yana dumama zuwa yanayin da ba za a iya jurewa ba sannan a yi masa siffa a ƙarƙashin babban matsi don cimma ƙarfin da ake buƙata da daidaiton girman daidai gwargwadon matsayin ASTM.
Zare: Bayan kafa, da kusoshi sha da threading ayyuka. Don cikakkun ƙwanƙwasa zaren, an ƙirƙiri zaren tare da tsawon tsayin shank, yayin da rabi - igiyoyin igiya, zaren suna samuwa ne kawai akan ɓangaren da aka zaɓa. Mirgina zaren shine hanyar da aka fi so yayin da yake haifar da zaren da ya fi ƙarfin sanyi - yin aiki da ƙarfe, haɓaka juriyar gajiyar kusoshi. Ana amfani da mutuwar zaren na musamman don tabbatar da cewa farar zaren, bayanin martaba, da girma daidai da buƙatun ASTM A325/A325M, yana ba da tabbacin dacewa tare da madaidaicin goro da ramukan zaren.
Maganin zafi (idan an buƙata): A wasu lokuta, dangane da takamaiman bakin karfe - matakin ƙarfe da buƙatun aikace-aikacen, kusoshi na iya ɗaukar zafi - hanyoyin kulawa. Maganin zafi na iya haɓaka kaddarorin inji na bakin karfe, kamar haɓaka ƙarfinsa, taurinsa, da taurinsa, don saduwa da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun aikace-aikacen tsarin da aka ƙayyade a cikin ma'aunin ASTM.
Hot - Dip Galvanizing: An fara tsabtace ƙullun da aka kafa da kyau don cire duk wani gurɓataccen abu, mai, ko sikelin. Sa'an nan kuma, ana jujjuya su don tabbatar da jiko da kyau ta zunɗen zinc. Bayan haka, ana nutsar da kusoshi a cikin ruwan wanka na zinc da aka narkar da shi a kusan 450 - 460 ° C na wani takamaiman lokaci. A lokacin wannan tsari, zinc yana yaduwa zuwa saman bakin karfe, yana samar da jerin zinc - yadudduka na baƙin ƙarfe da kauri na waje na tutiya mai tsabta. Da zarar an cire shi daga wanka, ana barin kusoshi su yi sanyi, kuma an cire duk wani abin da ya wuce kima. Wannan tsari mai zafi- tsoma galvanizing yana ba da kariya mai ƙarfi kuma mai dorewa.
Duban inganci: Kowane rukuni na kusoshi yana ƙarƙashin kulawa mai tsauri daidai da matsayin ASTM A325/A325M. Ana yin gwaje-gwaje masu girma don tabbatar da cewa diamita na kusoshi, tsayin, ƙayyadaddun zaren, girman kai, da kauri sun cika madaidaicin buƙatun. Gwaje-gwajen injina, gami da ƙarfin juzu'i, nauyin hujja, da gwaje-gwaje masu ƙarfi, ana gudanar da su don tabbatar da cewa kusoshi na iya tsayayya da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki kuma sun dace da ƙarfi da ƙa'idodin aiki. Ana gudanar da binciken gani don bincika lahani na saman, ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto mai zafi - tsoma galvanizing, da duk wani rashin bin ƙa'idodin bayyanar. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin gwajin juriya-lalata don tabbatar da ingancin murfin HDG. Sai kawai kusoshi waɗanda suka wuce duk ingantattun gwaje-gwaje an yarda dasu don marufi da rarrabawa.
Jiyya mai zafi- tsoma galvanizing (HDG) abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke haɓaka aikin waɗannan kusoshi:
Pre- magani: Kafin zafi - tsoma galvanizing, kusoshi suna yin cikakken tsarin kulawa kafin magani. Wannan yana farawa da ragewa, inda ake tsabtace ƙullun ta amfani da abubuwan da suka kaushi ko maganin alkaline don cire duk wani gurɓataccen mai, maiko, ko kwayoyin halitta a saman. Sa'an nan kuma, ana aiwatar da pickling ta hanyar nutsar da kusoshi a cikin wani bayani na acid (yawanci hydrochloric ko sulfuric acid) don cire tsatsa, sikelin, da sauran ma'auni na inorganic. Bayan an datse, ana wanke kusoshi sosai don cire duk wani ragowar acid. A ƙarshe, ana aiwatar da tsarin jujjuyawa, inda aka tsoma ƙugiya a cikin bayani mai juyi. Juyin yana taimakawa wajen cire duk wani abu da ya rage, yana inganta jikawar dandali ta hanyar zurfafawar tutiya, kuma yana hana sake yin iskar shaka yayin aikin galvanizing.
Zafi - Tsarma Galvanizing Tsarin: Sai a nutsar da kusoshi da aka riga aka yi wa magani a cikin narkakken wankan zinc a kusan 450-460°C. Babban zafin jiki na wanka na zinc yana haifar da halayen ƙarfe tsakanin zinc da bakin karfe - saman karfe. Da farko, zarra na zinc suna yaduwa a cikin bakin karfe - substrate na karfe, suna samar da jerin zinc - yadudduka na gami da nau'ikan nau'ikan. Wadannan gami yadudduka samar da kyau kwarai adhesion tsakanin tutiya shafi da tushe karfe. Daga baya, an ajiye wani kauri na waje mai kauri na tutiya mai tsafta a saman yaduddukan gami. Kauri na galvanized shafi na iya yawanci kewayo daga 80 - 120 microns, dangane da girman da nau'in kusoshi, da takamaiman buƙatun ma'aunin ASTM da aikace-aikacen.
Post - magani: Bayan zafi- tsoma galvanizing, kusoshi na iya sha post-biyya matakai. Daya na kowa post - jiyya shi ne passivation, inda kusoshi da aka bi da tare da wani sinadaran bayani (kamar chromate - tushen ko ba - chromate - tushen mafita) don samar da bakin ciki, m Layer oxide a saman da zinc shafi. Wannan maganin wucewa yana ƙara haɓaka juriya na lalata galvanized shafi, inganta bayyanarsa, kuma yana ba da wasu kariya daga samuwar farin tsatsa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya bincika kullin don kowane rashin daidaituwa na saman, kuma a wasu lokuta, ana iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar injiniya kamar gogewa ko harbi - fashewar fashewar duk wani abin da ya wuce zinc ko don santsin saman.
ASTM A325 / A325M HDG bakin karfe - cikakken / rabi - zaren nauyi hexagon tsarin kusoshi ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin daban-daban m gini da masana'antu aikace-aikace:
Gina Gine-gine: A cikin manyan ayyukan ginin ma'auni, ana amfani da waɗannan kusoshi don haɗa katako na ƙarfe, ginshiƙai, da trusses, samar da tsarin tsarin gine-gine. Ƙarfinsu mai ƙarfi da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, haɓaka ta hanyar jiyya na HDG, suna tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da amincin tsarin ginin, ko babban gini ne na kasuwanci, ɗakin ajiyar masana'antu, ko kuma babban wurin zama. Cikakken / rabi - zanen zaren yana ba da damar sassauƙa da amintaccen ɗaurewa a cikin haɗin gine-gine daban-daban, biyan buƙatu daban-daban na ƙirar gini da gini.
Gina Gada: Gada suna fuskantar yanayi daban-daban na yanayi mai tsauri, gami da danshi, zirga-zirga - girgizar da ta haifar, da abubuwa masu lalata. Waɗannan kusoshi na tsarin suna da mahimmanci don haɗa abubuwan haɗin gada, kamar su girders, piers, da decking. ASTM - ƙirar da ta dace da murfin HDG mai ƙarfi yana ba da damar kusoshi don tsayayya da nauyi mai nauyi, girgizawa, da lalata, yana tabbatar da aminci da dorewa na kayan aikin gada akan rayuwar sabis ɗin sa.
Kayayyakin Masana'antu: A cikin masana'antun masana'antu, matatun mai, da wuraren masana'antu, ana amfani da waɗannan ƙugiya don haɗa kayan aiki masu nauyi, firam ɗin kayan aiki, da tallafi na tsari. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira - ƙira na iya jure wa nauyin aiki mai nauyi da girgizar da kayan aikin masana'antu suka haifar. Lalacewa - resistant Properties na bakin karfe, hade tare da HDG shafi, kare kusoshi daga masana'antu gurbatawa, sunadarai, da danshi, rage tabbatarwa bukatun da kuma rage hadarin tsarin kasawa a masana'antu saituna.
Tsarin Teku da Ruwa: Don dandamali na ketare, jiragen ruwa, da na'urori na ruwa, inda fallasa ruwan gishiri da matsananciyar yanayin magudanar ruwa, waɗannan kusoshi suna da daraja sosai. Mafi girman juriya na lalata 316 bakin karfe, tare da ƙarin kariyar da aka bayar ta hanyar rufin HDG, ya sa su iya jure wa lalatawar ruwan teku, zafi, da yanayin ruwa. Ana amfani da su don ɗaure sassa daban-daban na ruwa, tabbatar da aminci da amincin tsarin teku da na ruwa.
Ayyukan Kayan Aiki: A cikin ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa irin su tashoshin wutar lantarki, hasumiya na watsawa, da manyan wuraren kula da ruwa, waɗannan ƙullun tsarin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da aiki na tsarin. Yarda da su tare da ka'idodin ASTM A325/A325M yana ba da garantin daidaiton inganci da aiki, yayin da jiyya na HDG ke ba da kariya ta dogon lokaci daga abubuwan muhalli, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsayin daka da rayuwar sabis na kayan aikin.
Babban Ƙarfi da lodi - Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: Yin biyayya da ka'idodin ASTM A325 / A325M, waɗannan kusoshi suna ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da kyakkyawan nauyi - ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi. An ƙera su don yin tsayin daka mai mahimmanci, juzu'i, da nauyin gajiya, yana sa su dace da haɗin kai mai mahimmanci a cikin gine-gine da aikace-aikacen masana'antu daban-daban. Gine-gine mai ƙarfi, haɗe tare da zaɓin da ya dace na bakin ciki - ƙimar ƙarfe da magani mai zafi (idan an zartar), yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi da matsanancin yanayi.
Babban Juriya na Lalata: A hade da bakin - karfe tushe abu da zafi - tsoma galvanizing samar da m lalata juriya. Bakin karfe ya riga ya ba da kyakkyawar kariya ta lalata, kuma murfin HDG yana ƙara ƙarin kariya daga abubuwan. Wannan yana sa kusoshi ya dace sosai don amfani a cikin yanayi mara kyau, gami da yankunan bakin teku, aikace-aikacen ruwa, da saitunan masana'antu tare da zafi mai yawa ko fallasa ga sinadarai, haɓaka rayuwar sabis da rage farashin kulawa.
Daidaitaccen Tsari da Amintacce: Yin ma'amala da ka'idodin ASTM A325 / A325M, waɗannan kusoshi suna ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙira, tabbatar da dacewa da musanyawa tsakanin ayyuka da yankuna daban-daban. Ingancin inganci - matakan sarrafawa yayin masana'antu, kamar yadda ma'aunai ke buƙata, suna ba da garantin ingantacciyar inganci da aiki. Wannan daidaitawar yana sauƙaƙe hanyoyin siye, shigarwa, da kiyayewa, yana rage haɗarin kurakurai, kuma yana ba da kwanciyar hankali ga injiniyoyi, ƴan kwangila, da masu aikin.
Zane Mai Yawaita: Samuwar duka cikakkun zaren zaren da rabi- zažužžukan yana ba da versatility a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Cikakkun igiyoyi masu cike da zare suna da kyau don aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar ɗaurin ɗaurin ɗamara tare da tsayin daka, yayin da zaren zaren za a iya amfani da su don haɓaka rarraba kaya, rage juzu'i, ko saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun ƙira. Wannan sassauci yana ba da damar keɓance hanyoyin haɗin kai don saduwa da buƙatun daban-daban na ayyukan gini da masana'antu.
Dogon Kariya: The zafi - tsoma galvanizing tsari halitta lokacin farin ciki da kuma m tutiya shafi cewa adheres da kyau ga bakin karfe surface. Wannan shafi yana ba da kariya mai dorewa daga lalata, abrasion, da sauran nau'ikan lalata muhalli. Hanyoyin da ake bi na jiyya, irin su passivation, suna kara haɓaka daɗaɗɗen rufin, tabbatar da cewa kullun suna kula da aikin su da bayyanar su na tsawon lokaci, har ma a cikin yanayi mafi ƙalubale.
Ingantaccen Tsaro: A cikin aikace-aikacen tsari, aminci da aikin waɗannan kusoshi suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin gine-gine, gadoji, da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa. Babban ƙarfin su, juriya na lalata, da bin ka'idodin ASTM suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin tsarin gabaɗaya, rage haɗarin gazawar tsarin da tabbatar da amincin mutane da dukiyoyi.